Bias of estimates through jackknife

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Usage

# S4 method for FLQuantJK
bias(x)

# S4 method for FLParJK
bias(x)

Arguments

x: An object holding estimates obtained through jackknife

Value

A value for the mean bias

Details

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$$\widehat{Bias}_{(\theta)} = (n - 1)((\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i=1}^n\hat{\theta}_{(i)})-\hat{\theta})$$

Author

The FLR Team

Examples


flq <- FLQuant(1:8)
flj <- jackknife(flq)
bias(flj)
#> An object of class "FLQuant"
#> iters:  8 
#> 
#> , , unit = unique, season = all, area = unique
#> 
#>      year
#> quant 1         2         3         4         5         6         7        
#>   all 1.0200(0) 1.0404(0) 1.0612(0) 1.0824(0) 1.1041(0) 1.1262(0) 1.1487(0)
#>      year
#> quant 8        
#>   all 1.1717(0)
#> 
#> units:  NA