@article{kell2025evaluation,
  title={An Evaluation of the Robustness of Length-Based Stock Assessment Approaches for Sustainable Fisheries Management in Data and Capacity Limited Situations},
  author={Kell, Laurence Thomas and Sharma, Rishi},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Preprints}
}

@article{pace2025mixme,
  title={MixME: An R package to simulation-test fisheries management robustness to mixed-fisheries interactions},
  author={Pace, Matthew C and De Oliveira, Jos{\'e} AA and Fischer, Simon H and Dolder, Paul J},
  journal={Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{stich2025dia,
  title={dia: An R package for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration dam impact analysis},
  author={Stich, Daniel S and Nieland, Julie L and Sheehan, Timothy F},
  journal={Journal of Open Source Software},
  volume={10},
  number={105},
  pages={7475},
  year={2025}
}

@article{albertsen2024rebuilding,
  title={Rebuilding and Reference Points Under Compensatory and Depensatory Recruitment: A Meta-Analysis of Northeast Atlantic Fish Stocks},
  author={Albertsen, Christoffer Moesgaard and Per{\"a}l{\"a}, Tommi and Cardinale, Massimiliano and Winker, Henning and Trijoulet, Vanessa},
  journal={Fish and Fisheries},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{couve2024systematic,
  title={Systematic Review of Multi-Species Models in Fisheries: Key Features and Current Trends},
  author={Couve, Pablo and Bahamon, Nixon and Canales, Cristian M and Company, Joan B},
  journal={Fishes},
  volume={9},
  number={10},
  pages={372},
  year={2024},
  publisher={MDPI}
}

@inproceedings{randelhoff2024symbioses,
  title={SYMBIOSES: A Modular Framework to Assess Oil Spill Impacts on Commercial Fish Stocks},
  author={Randelhoff, Achim and Bockwoldt, Mathias and Froysa, Havard G and Howell, Daniel and Nepstad, Raymond and Broch, Ole Jacob and Carroll, JoLynn and Refseth, Gro Harlaug and Vikebo, Frode B and Skeie, Geir Morten},
  booktitle={International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings},
  volume={2024},
  number={1},
  year={2024},
  organization={Allen Press}
}

@article{correa2024standardized,
  title={Standardized catch per unit effort of yellowfin tuna in the Atlantic Ocean for the European purse seine fleet operating on floating objects},
  author={Correa, GM and Kaplan, DM and Grande, M and Uranga, J},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={81},
  number={2},
  pages={1--26},
  year={2024}
}

@article{kell2024,
  title={Developing management plans for sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Celtic Sea consistent with an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries},
  author={Kell, Laurence T and Bentley, Jacob and Feary, David and Egan, Afra and Nolan, Cormac},
  journal={Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
  number={ja},
  year={2024}
}

@article{BROOKS2024106896,
title = {Pragmatic approaches to modeling recruitment in fisheries stock assessment: A perspective},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {270},
pages = {106896},
year = {2024},
issn = {0165-7836},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106896},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783623002898},
author = {Elizabeth N. Brooks},
keywords = {Stock recruit relationships, Fecundity unit, Age at recruitment, Steepness, Recruitment diagnostics},
}

@article{GONZALEZTRONCOSO2024119452,
title = {Equilibrium, transient dynamics and sustainable reference points under age-specific natural mortality rates and varying levels of population productivity: The case of the Northern cod stock},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
volume = {349},
pages = {119452},
year = {2024},
issn = {0301-4797},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119452},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479723022405},
author = {Diana González-Troncoso and José M. Maroto and M. Eugenia Mera and Manuel Morán},
keywords = {Age-specific natural mortality, Age-structured models, Equilibrium, Fisheries management and conservation, Marine fisheries, Northern cod stock collapse, Transient dynamics},
}

@article{COPE2024106859,
title = {The good practices of practicable alchemy in the stock assessment continuum: Fundamentals and principles of analytical methods to support science-based fisheries management under data and resource limitations},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {270},
pages = {106859},
year = {2024},
issn = {0165-7836},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106859},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783623002527},
author = {Jason M. Cope},
keywords = {Stock assessment, Data-limited, Life history, Uncertainty, Risk analysis, Simulation testing},
}

@article{armelloni2023workshop,
  title={Workshop to scope and preselect indicators for criterion D3C3 under MSFD decision (EU) 2017/848 (WKD3C3SCOPE)},
  author={Armelloni, Enrico and Bolund, Elisabeth and Canal, Gema and Cardinale, Massimiliano and Coscia, Ilaria and Croll, Jasper and Balic, Daria Ezgeta and Falsone, Fabio and Fortibuoni, Tomaso and Galatchi, Madalina and others},
  journal={ICES. Scientific Reports},
  year={2023},
  publisher={ICES}
}

@article{rice2023comparison,
  title={COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF SOUTH ATLANTIC CPUE 2023 ICCAT BLUE SHARK ASSESSMENT},
  author={Rice, Joel},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={80},
  number={4},
  pages={337--344},
  year={2023}
}

@article{tiddassessing,
  title={Assessing the response of Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) stock to variations in DFAD fishing effort},
  year={2023},
  author={Tidd, Alex and Capello, Manuela and Guillotreau, Patrice and Fu, Dan}
}

@article{griffiths2023including,
  title={Including older fish in fisheries management: A new age-based indicator and reference point for exploited fish stocks},
  author={Griffiths, Christopher A and Winker, Henning and Bartolino, Valerio and Wennhage, H{\aa}kan and Orio, Alessandro and Cardinale, Massimiliano},
  journal={Fish and Fisheries},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{mourato2023assessment,
  title={Assessment of the eastern Atlantic sailfish stock using JABBA model},
  author={Mourato, B and Sant’Ana, R and Kikuchi, E and Cardoso, L Gustavo and Ngom, F and Arocha, F and Kimoto, A and Ortiz, M},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={80},
  number={8},
  pages={315--336},
  year={2023}
}

@article{URIARTE2023105512,
title = {Lessons learnt on the management of short-lived fish from the Bay of Biscay anchovy case study: Satisfying fishery needs and sustainability under recruitment uncertainty},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {150},
pages = {105512},
year = {2023},
issn = {0308-597X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105512},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X23000398},
author = {Andrés Uriarte and Leire Ibaibarriaga and Sonia Sánchez-Maroño and Pablo Abaunza and Marga Andrés and Erwan Duhamel and Ernesto Jardim and Lionel Pawlowski and Raúl Prellezo and Beatriz A. Roel},
keywords = {Fishery management, Participatory management, Harvest control rule, Recruitment index, Small pelagic fish, Anchovy},
abstract = {This paper summarizes the lessons learnt for the management of small pelagic fish from the case study of managing the international fishery on the Bay of Biscay anchovy. A constant catch regime ended up with a fishery crash and closure (2005–2009) after a series of recruitment failures. Precautionary advices had been disregarded due to their inability to predict the size of the population during the first half of the year when the major fishery takes place. The crash triggered the EU to develop a long-term management plan in 2008. In the absence of a recruitment indicator, biological risk was minimized through a close coupling between assessment, advice and management, changing the management year to start just after the spring surveys on adults. A major improvement arrived in 2014 by the incorporation of an early recruitment indicator from an autumn acoustic survey on juveniles. This allowed additional exploitation of the resource at similar risk levels. Accordingly, TACs are nowadays set after the recruit survey on a management calendar basis. The interactive collaboration between fishers, scientists, and managers allowed inclusion of the stakeholders’ preferences for a biomass-based catch bounded harvest strategy suitable for these valuable fisheries. This strategy allows catches between a minimum and maximum TAC level, to account for an economically viable minimum activity when approaching a minimum biomass threshold level, and for the limited market absorption capacity when exceeding an upper biomass threshold level, respectively. Such strategy was adopted by consensus and supposed a successful participatory process in fishery management.}
}

This paper summarizes the lessons learnt for the management of small pelagic fish from the case study of managing the international fishery on the Bay of Biscay anchovy. A constant catch regime ended up with a fishery crash and closure (2005–2009) after a series of recruitment failures. Precautionary advices had been disregarded due to their inability to predict the size of the population during the first half of the year when the major fishery takes place. The crash triggered the EU to develop a long-term management plan in 2008. In the absence of a recruitment indicator, biological risk was minimized through a close coupling between assessment, advice and management, changing the management year to start just after the spring surveys on adults. A major improvement arrived in 2014 by the incorporation of an early recruitment indicator from an autumn acoustic survey on juveniles. This allowed additional exploitation of the resource at similar risk levels. Accordingly, TACs are nowadays set after the recruit survey on a management calendar basis. The interactive collaboration between fishers, scientists, and managers allowed inclusion of the stakeholders’ preferences for a biomass-based catch bounded harvest strategy suitable for these valuable fisheries. This strategy allows catches between a minimum and maximum TAC level, to account for an economically viable minimum activity when approaching a minimum biomass threshold level, and for the limited market absorption capacity when exceeding an upper biomass threshold level, respectively. Such strategy was adopted by consensus and supposed a successful participatory process in fishery management.

@article{cousido2022surplus,
  title={Surplus production models: a practical review of recent approaches},
  author={Cousido-Rocha, Marta and Pennino, Maria Grazia and Izquierdo, Francisco and Paz, Anxo and Lojo, Davinia and Tifoura, Amina and Zanni, Mohamed Yosri and Cervi{\~n}o, Santiago},
  journal={Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{doi:10.1139/cjfas-2021-0213,
author = {Batts, Luke and Minto, Cóilín and Gerritsen, Hans and Brophy, Deirdre},
title = {Numbers or mass? Comparison of two theoretically different stage-based stock assessment models and their ability to model simulated and real-life stocks},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
volume = {79},
number = {10},
pages = {1605-1624},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2021-0213},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0213},
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0213},
abstract = { Stage-based assessment models are a type of fisheries stock assessment model that offer an alternative middle ground between aggregate and compositional models. We compare the capabilities of two theoretically different stage-based assessment approaches: an implementation of a biomass-based delay-difference model first described in a theoretical paper by Schnute in 1987, and an implementation of the well-known numbers-based two-stage model Catch-Survey Analysis (CSA). Models were tested within a simulation framework as well as on the real stock of white-bellied anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in the Celtic Seas and Northern Bay of Biscay. For the simulated stocks, estimates from the biomass-based two-stage models were close to the true values in certain scenarios, but were sensitive to selectivity assumptions and configuration of growth within the model. CSA was more robust to selectivity assumptions, performing well in all simulated stock scenarios. Overall, results indicated that CSA was a robust stock assessment model but with relatively low precision, whereas the Schnute model was precise but required growth and mean fish weight data unaffected by selectivity. }
}

Stage-based assessment models are a type of fisheries stock assessment model that offer an alternative middle ground between aggregate and compositional models. We compare the capabilities of two theoretically different stage-based assessment approaches: an implementation of a biomass-based delay-difference model first described in a theoretical paper by Schnute in 1987, and an implementation of the well-known numbers-based two-stage model Catch-Survey Analysis (CSA). Models were tested within a simulation framework as well as on the real stock of white-bellied anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in the Celtic Seas and Northern Bay of Biscay. For the simulated stocks, estimates from the biomass-based two-stage models were close to the true values in certain scenarios, but were sensitive to selectivity assumptions and configuration of growth within the model. CSA was more robust to selectivity assumptions, performing well in all simulated stock scenarios. Overall, results indicated that CSA was a robust stock assessment model but with relatively low precision, whereas the Schnute model was precise but required growth and mean fish weight data unaffected by selectivity.

@article{bach2022,
  title={Intervene or wait? A model evaluating the timing of intervention in conservation conflicts adaptive management under uncertainty},
  author={Bach, Adrian and Minderman, Jeroen and Bunnefeld, Nils and Mill, Aileen and Duthie, Alexander},
  journal={Ecology and Society},
  volume={27},
  number={3},
  year={2022},
  abstract = {The timing of biodiversity managers’ interventions can be critical to the success of conservation, especially in situations of conflict between conservation objectives and human livelihood, i.e., conservation conflicts. Given the uncertainty associated with complex social-ecological systems and the potentially irreversible consequences of delayed action for biodiversity and livelihoods, managers tend to simply intervene as soon as possible by precaution. However, refraining from intervening when the situation allows can be beneficial, notably by saving critical management resources. We introduce a strategy for managers to decide, based on monitoring, whether intervention is required or if waiting is possible. This study evaluates the performance of this waiting strategy compared to a strategy of unconditional intervention at every opportunity. We built an individual-based model of conservation conflict between a manager aiming to conserve an animal population and farmers aiming to maximize yield by protecting their crop from wildlife damage. We then simulated a budget-constrained adaptive management over time applying each strategy, while accounting for uncertainty around population dynamics and around decision making of managers and farmers. Our results showed that when the decision for the manager to intervene was based on a prediction of population trajectory, the waiting strategy performed at least as well as unconditional intervention while also allowing managers to save resources by avoiding unnecessary interventions. Under difficult budgetary constraints on managers, this waiting strategy ensured as high yields as unconditional intervention while significantly improving conservation outcomes by compensating managers’ lack of resources with the benefits accrued over waiting periods. This suggests that waiting strategies are worth considering in conservation conflicts because they can facilitate equitable management with a more efficient use of management resources, which are often limiting in biodiversity conservation.},
  doi={10.5751/ES-13341-270303},
  publisher={The Resilience Alliance}
}

The timing of biodiversity managers’ interventions can be critical to the success of conservation, especially in situations of conflict between conservation objectives and human livelihood, i.e., conservation conflicts. Given the uncertainty associated with complex social-ecological systems and the potentially irreversible consequences of delayed action for biodiversity and livelihoods, managers tend to simply intervene as soon as possible by precaution. However, refraining from intervening when the situation allows can be beneficial, notably by saving critical management resources. We introduce a strategy for managers to decide, based on monitoring, whether intervention is required or if waiting is possible. This study evaluates the performance of this waiting strategy compared to a strategy of unconditional intervention at every opportunity. We built an individual-based model of conservation conflict between a manager aiming to conserve an animal population and farmers aiming to maximize yield by protecting their crop from wildlife damage. We then simulated a budget-constrained adaptive management over time applying each strategy, while accounting for uncertainty around population dynamics and around decision making of managers and farmers. Our results showed that when the decision for the manager to intervene was based on a prediction of population trajectory, the waiting strategy performed at least as well as unconditional intervention while also allowing managers to save resources by avoiding unnecessary interventions. Under difficult budgetary constraints on managers, this waiting strategy ensured as high yields as unconditional intervention while significantly improving conservation outcomes by compensating managers’ lack of resources with the benefits accrued over waiting periods. This suggests that waiting strategies are worth considering in conservation conflicts because they can facilitate equitable management with a more efficient use of management resources, which are often limiting in biodiversity conservation.

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0269543,
    doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0269543},
    author = {Scott, Finlay AND Yao, Nan AND Scott, Robert Dryden},
    journal = {PLOS ONE},
    publisher = {Public Library of Science},
    title = {AMPLE: An R package for capacity building on fisheries harvest strategies},
    year = {2022},
    month = {06},
    volume = {17},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269543},
    pages = {1-14},
    abstract = {Fisheries harvest strategies are formal frameworks that represent a best-practice approach for sustainable fisheries management. A key component of a harvest strategy is a ’pre-agreed rule’, known as a harvest control rule (HCR), that sets fishing opportunities, e.g. catch limits, based on an estimate of fish stock status, e.g. estimated stock biomass. The harvest strategy development process is driven by stakeholders who are required to make a range of informed decisions, including on the selection of the preferred HCR. Capacity building may be required to facilitate the stakeholder engagement, particularly regarding the technical components of harvest strategies, including HCRs. The AMPLE package for R provides three interactive apps that support capacity building and stakeholder engagement on HCRs. These apps have been used during in-country national workshops around the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) to support the development of harvest strategies for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. These apps include several novel features: they take users from a gentle introduction to how HCRs work, to using methods for testing, comparing and selecting a preferred HCR from a suite of candidates. They include an introduction to the impact of uncertainty on the performance of an HCR, introduce performance indicators and discuss methods for selecting the preferred HCR based on management objectives. As such they provide a more detailed overview of HCRs than currently existing alternatives. These apps provide an effective platform for hands-on learning and have proven to be successful at supporting capacity building on HCRs in the WCPO. For example, using them for group activities and competitions stimulated productive discussions and increased understanding. As the model fishery in AMPLE is generic and not based on a real example, the apps will also be of interest to scientists, managers and stakeholders developing harvest strategies in other regions.},
    number = {6},

}

Fisheries harvest strategies are formal frameworks that represent a best-practice approach for sustainable fisheries management. A key component of a harvest strategy is a ’pre-agreed rule’, known as a harvest control rule (HCR), that sets fishing opportunities, e.g. catch limits, based on an estimate of fish stock status, e.g. estimated stock biomass. The harvest strategy development process is driven by stakeholders who are required to make a range of informed decisions, including on the selection of the preferred HCR. Capacity building may be required to facilitate the stakeholder engagement, particularly regarding the technical components of harvest strategies, including HCRs. The AMPLE package for R provides three interactive apps that support capacity building and stakeholder engagement on HCRs. These apps have been used during in-country national workshops around the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) to support the development of harvest strategies for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. These apps include several novel features: they take users from a gentle introduction to how HCRs work, to using methods for testing, comparing and selecting a preferred HCR from a suite of candidates. They include an introduction to the impact of uncertainty on the performance of an HCR, introduce performance indicators and discuss methods for selecting the preferred HCR based on management objectives. As such they provide a more detailed overview of HCRs than currently existing alternatives. These apps provide an effective platform for hands-on learning and have proven to be successful at supporting capacity building on HCRs in the WCPO. For example, using them for group activities and competitions stimulated productive discussions and increased understanding. As the model fishery in AMPLE is generic and not based on a real example, the apps will also be of interest to scientists, managers and stakeholders developing harvest strategies in other regions.

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsac043,
    author = {Kell, Laurence T and Minto, Cóilín and Gerritsen, Hans D},
    title = "{Evaluation of the skill of length-based indicators to identify stock status and trends}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2022},
    month = {03},
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsac043},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac043},
    note = {fsac043},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsac043/43058181/fsac043.pdf},
}

@article{magnussonfisheries,
  title={Fisheries data management at GFCM Review and recommendations},
  author={Magnusson, Arni},
  year={2022}
}

@article{winker2022consistency,
  title={Consistency and Robustness testing of candidate reference point systems for North East Atlantic stocks},
  author={Winker, Henning and Cardinale, Massimiliano and Mosqueira, Iago and Kell, Laurance and Konrad, Christoph and Gras, Michael and Sharma, Rishi and Lordan, Colm},
  year={2022}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12637,
author = {Ovando, Daniel and Free, Christopher M. and Jensen, Olaf P. and Hilborn, Ray},
title = {A history and evaluation of catch-only stock assessment models},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {616-630},
keywords = {catch-only models, data-limited assessment, global fisheries, stock assessment, stock reduction analysis},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12637},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/faf.12637},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12637},
year = {2022}
}

@article{10.1134/S0032945221050155,
    author = {Turan, C and Ergenler, A and Doğdu, SA and Turan F},
    title = {Age and Growth of Red Sea Goatfish, Parupeneus forsskali from Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea},
    journal = {Journal of Ichthyology},
    volume = {61},
    pages={758-763},
    year = {2021},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsab169},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945221050155},
}

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsab169,
    author = {Fischer, Simon H and De Oliveira, José A A and Mumford, John D and Kell, Laurence T},
    title = "{Application of explicit precautionary principles in data-limited fisheries management}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2021},
    month = {09},
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsab169},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab169},
    note = {fsab169},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsab169/40307158/fsab169.pdf},
}

@article{MAYNOU2021105853,
title = {Bioeconomic impacts of two simple modifications to trawl nets in the NW Mediterranean},
journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management},
volume = {213},
pages = {105853},
year = {2021},
issn = {0964-5691},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105853},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569121003367},
author = {Francesc Maynou and Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa and Pilar Sánchez and Montserrat Demestre},
keywords = {Bottom trawl, T90 panel, Selective grid, Bioeconomic model, Mediterranean fisheries}
}

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsab151,
    author = {Azevedo, Manuela and Silva, Cristina and Vølstad, Jon Helge},
    title = "{Onshore biological sampling of landings by species and size category within auction sites can be more efficient than trip-based concurrent sampling}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2021},
    month = {08},
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsab151},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab151},
    note = {fsab151},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsab151/39728851/fsab151.pdf},
}

@article{10.3389/fmars.2021.624355,
author={Kaplan, Isaac C. and Gaichas, Sarah K. and Stawitz, Christine C. and Lynch, Patrick D. and Marshall, Kristin N. and Deroba, Jonathan J. and Masi, Michelle and Brodziak, Jon K. T. and Aydin, Kerim Y. and Holsman, Kirstin and Townsend, Howard and Tommasi, Desiree and Smith, James A. and Koenigstein, Stefan and Weijerman, Mariska and Link, Jason},   
title={Management Strategy Evaluation: Allowing the Light on the Hill to Illuminate More Than One Species},      
journaL={Frontiers in Marine Science},      
volume={8},      
pages={688},     
year={2021},      
url={https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2021.624355},       
doi={10.3389/fmars.2021.624355},      
issn={2296-7745}
}

@article{doi:10.1080/23308249.2021.1884642,
author = {H. A. Perryman and C. Hansen and D. Howell and E. Olsen},
title = {A Review of Applications Evaluating Fisheries Management Scenarios through Marine Ecosystem Models},
journal = {Reviews in Fisheries Science \& Aquaculture},
volume = {0},
number = {0},
pages = {1-36},
year  = {2021},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
doi = {10.1080/23308249.2021.1884642},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.1884642},
eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.1884642}
}

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsab018,
    author = {Fischer, Simon H and De Oliveira, José A A and Mumford, John D and Kell, Laurence T},
    title = "{Using a genetic algorithm to optimize a data-limited catch rule}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2021},
    month = {03},
    abstract = "{Many data-limited fish stocks worldwide require management advice. Simple empirical management procedures have been used to manage data-limited fisheries but do not necessarily ensure compliance with maximum sustainable yield objectives and precautionary principles. Genetic algorithms are efficient optimization procedures for which the objectives are formalized as a fitness function. This optimization can be included when testing management procedures in a management strategy evaluation. This study explored the application of a genetic algorithm to an empirical catch rule and found that this approach could substantially improve the performance of the catch rule. The optimized parameterization and the magnitude of the improvement were dependent on the specific stock, stock status, and definition of the fitness function. The genetic algorithm proved to be an efficient and automated method for tuning the catch rule and removed the need for manual intervention during the optimization process. Therefore, we conclude that the approach could also be applied to other management procedures, case-specific tuning, and even data-rich stocks. Finally, we recommend the phasing out of the current generic ICES “2 over 3” advice rule in favour of case-specific catch rules of the form tested here, although we caution that neither works well for fast-growing stocks.}",
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsab018},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab018},
    note = {fsab018},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsab018/36507871/fsab018.pdf},
}

Many data-limited fish stocks worldwide require management advice. Simple empirical management procedures have been used to manage data-limited fisheries but do not necessarily ensure compliance with maximum sustainable yield objectives and precautionary principles. Genetic algorithms are efficient optimization procedures for which the objectives are formalized as a fitness function. This optimization can be included when testing management procedures in a management strategy evaluation. This study explored the application of a genetic algorithm to an empirical catch rule and found that this approach could substantially improve the performance of the catch rule. The optimized parameterization and the magnitude of the improvement were dependent on the specific stock, stock status, and definition of the fitness function. The genetic algorithm proved to be an efficient and automated method for tuning the catch rule and removed the need for manual intervention during the optimization process. Therefore, we conclude that the approach could also be applied to other management procedures, case-specific tuning, and even data-rich stocks. Finally, we recommend the phasing out of the current generic ICES “2 over 3” advice rule in favour of case-specific catch rules of the form tested here, although we caution that neither works well for fast-growing stocks.

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10438,
author = {Sun, Ming and Li, Yunzhou and Zhang, Chongliang and Xu, Binduo and Ren, Yiping and Chen, Yong},
title = {Management of Data-Limited Fisheries: Identifying Informative Data to Achieve Sustainable Fisheries},
journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {733-751},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10438},
url = {https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nafm.10438},
eprint = {https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nafm.10438},
year = {2020}
}

@article{spratblacksea,
author = {Пятинский Михаил and МихайловичШляхов Владислав and АлексеевичШляхова Ольга Васильевна},
title = {ДИНАМИКА ЗАПАСОВ ШПРОТА В ЧЕРНОМ МОРЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО ОСВОЕНИЯ},
journal = {Вопросы рыболовства},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
publisher = {Азово-Черноморский филиал Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института рыбного хозяйства и океанографии (АзНИИРХ)},
pages = {396-410},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.36038 / 0234-2774-2020-21-4-396-410},
URL = {https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dinamika-zapasov-shprota-v-chernom-more-i-perspektivy-ego-osvoeniya}
}

@article{10.2983/035.039.0310,
author = {Kathleen M. Hemeon and Kathy A. Ashton-Alcox and Eric N. Powell and Sara M. Pace and Leanne M. Poussard and Laura K. Solinger and Thomas M. Soniat},
title = {{Novel Shell Stock–Recruitment Models for Crassostrea virginica as a Function of Regional Shell Effective Surface Area, A Missing Link for Sustainable Management}},
volume = {39},
journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research},
number = {3},
publisher = {National Shellfisheries Association},
pages = {633 -- 654},
keywords = {Crassostrea virginica, Delaware Bay, salinity, shell surface area, stock–recruitment relationship, substrate preference},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.2983/035.039.0310},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.2983/035.039.0310}
}

@article{winker2020jabba,
  title={JABBA-Select: Incorporating life history and fisheries’ selectivity into surplus production models},
  author={Winker, Henning and Carvalho, Felipe and Thorson, James T and Kell, Laurance T and Parker, Denham and Kapur, Maia and Sharma, Rishi and Booth, Anthony J and Kerwath, Sven E},
  journal={Fisheries Research},
  volume={222},
  pages={105355},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{chang2020evaluation,
  title={Evaluation of the status and risk of overexploitation of the Pacific billfish stocks considering non-stationary population processes},
  author={Chang, Yi-Jay and Winker, Henning and Sculley, Michelle and Hsu, Jhen},
  journal={Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
  volume={175},
  pages={104707},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{garcia2020multi,
  title={A multi-stock harvest control rule based on “pretty good yield” ranges to support mixed-fisheries management},
  author={Garcia, Dorleta and Dolder, Paul J and Iriondo, Ane and Moore, Claire and Prellezo, Ra{\'u}l and Urtizberea, Agurtzane},
  journal={ICES Journal of Marine Science},
  volume={77},
  number={1},
  pages={119--135},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{free2020blood,
  title={Blood from a stone: Performance of catch-only methods in estimating stock biomass status},
  author={Free, Christopher M and Jensen, Olaf P and Anderson, Sean C and Gutierrez, Nicolas L and Kleisner, Kristin M and Longo, Catherine and Minto, C{\'o}il{\'\i}n and Osio, Giacomo Chato and Walsh, Jessica C},
  journal={Fisheries Research},
  volume={223},
  pages={105452},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{vasilakopoulos2020selectivity,
  title={Selectivity metrics for fisheries management and advice},
  author={Vasilakopoulos, Paraskevas and Jardim, Ernesto and Konrad, Christoph and Rihan, Dominic and Mannini, Alessandro and Pinto, Cecilia and Casey, John and Mosqueira, Iago and O’Neill, Finbarr G},
  journal={Fish and Fisheries},
  volume={21},
  number={3},
  pages={621--638},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{winker2020development,
  title={DEVELOPMENT OF BAYESIAN STATE-SPACE SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODEL JABBA FOR ASSESSING THE MEDITERRANEAN SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS GLADIUS) STOCK},
  author={Winker, Henning and Kimoto, Ai and Mourato, Bruno L and Ortiz, George Tserpes4 Mauricio},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={77},
  number={3},
  pages={508--536},
  year={2020}
}

@article{merino2020characterization,
  title={Characterization, Communication, and Management of Uncertainty in Tuna Fisheries},
  author={Merino, Gorka and Murua, Hilario and Santiago, Josu and Arrizabalaga, Haritz and Restrepo, Victor},
  journal={Sustainability},
  volume={12},
  number={19},
  pages={8245},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}
}

@article{coll2020spelmed,
  title={SPELMED, evaluation of the population status and specific management alternatives for the small pelagic fish stocks in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea},
  author={Coll, Marta and Bellido, Jos{\'e} M},
  year={2020},
  publisher={European Commission}
}

@article{fazli2020stock,
  title={Stock enhancement and density-dependence of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum Kamensky, 1901) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea},
  author={Fazli, Hasan and Daryanabard, Gholam Reza},
  journal={International Journal of Aquatic Biology},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={281--287},
  year={2020}
}

@article{mantopoulou2020assessment,
  title={ASSESSMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SWORDFISH STOCK BY MEANS OF ASSESSMENT FOR ALL},
  author={Mantopoulou--Palouka, Danai and Tserpes, George},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={77},
  number={3},
  pages={482--507},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kell2020validation,
  title={VALIDATION OF PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS FOR DATA LIMITED STOCKS},
  author={Kell, Laurence T and Taylor, Nathan and Palma, Carlos},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={77},
  number={4},
  pages={157--167},
  year={2020}
}

@article{merino2020addressing,
  title={ADDRESSING RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PEER REVIEW AND AMMENDMENTS TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALBACORE MSE},
  author={Merino, G and Santiago, J and Andonegi, E and Urtizberea, A and Arrizabalaga, H},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={76},
  number={8},
  pages={40--50},
  year={2020}
}

@article{mourato2020developing,
  title={DEVELOPING OF BAYESIAN STATE-SPACE SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODEL JABBA FOR ASSESSING ATLANTIC WHITE MARLIN (Kajikia albida) STOCK},
  author={Mourato, BL and Winker, H and Carvalho, F and Kimoto, A and Ortiz, M},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={76},
  number={4},
  pages={235--254},
  year={2020}
}

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsaa054,
    author = {Fischer, Simon H and De Oliveira, José A A and Kell, Laurence T},
    title = "{Linking the performance of a data-limited empirical catch rule to life-history traits}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2020},
    month = {06},
    abstract = "{Worldwide, the majorities of fish stocks are data-limited and lack fully quantitative stock assessments. Within ICES, such data-limited stocks are currently managed by setting total allowable catch without the use of target reference points. To ensure that such advice is precautionary, we used management strategy evaluation to evaluate an empirical rule that bases catch advice on recent catches, information from a biomass survey index, catch length frequencies, and MSY reference point proxies. Twenty-nine fish stocks were simulated covering a wide range of life histories. The performance of the rule varied substantially between stocks, and the risk of breaching limit reference points was inversely correlated to the von Bertalanffy growth parameter k. Stocks with k\\>0.32 year−1 had a high probability of stock collapse. A time series cluster analysis revealed four types of dynamics, i.e. groups with similar terminal spawning stock biomass (collapsed, BMSY, 2BMSY, 3BMSY). It was shown that a single generic catch rule cannot be applied across all life histories, and management should instead be linked to life-history traits, and in particular, the nature of the time series of stock metrics. The lessons learnt can help future work to shape scientific research into data-limited fisheries management and to ensure that fisheries are MSY compliant and precautionary.}",
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsaa054},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa054},
    note = {fsaa054},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa054/33380381/fsaa054.pdf},
}

Worldwide, the majorities of fish stocks are data-limited and lack fully quantitative stock assessments. Within ICES, such data-limited stocks are currently managed by setting total allowable catch without the use of target reference points. To ensure that such advice is precautionary, we used management strategy evaluation to evaluate an empirical rule that bases catch advice on recent catches, information from a biomass survey index, catch length frequencies, and MSY reference point proxies. Twenty-nine fish stocks were simulated covering a wide range of life histories. The performance of the rule varied substantially between stocks, and the risk of breaching limit reference points was inversely correlated to the von Bertalanffy growth parameter k. Stocks with k\>0.32 year−1 had a high probability of stock collapse. A time series cluster analysis revealed four types of dynamics, i.e. groups with similar terminal spawning stock biomass (collapsed, BMSY, 2BMSY, 3BMSY). It was shown that a single generic catch rule cannot be applied across all life histories, and management should instead be linked to life-history traits, and in particular, the nature of the time series of stock metrics. The lessons learnt can help future work to shape scientific research into data-limited fisheries management and to ensure that fisheries are MSY compliant and precautionary.

@Article{10.1093/icesjms/fsz181,
    author = {Garcia, Dorleta and Dolder, Paul J and Iriondo, Ane and Moore, Claire and Prellezo, Raúl and Urtizberea, Agurtzane},
    title = "{A multi-stock harvest control rule based on “pretty good yield” ranges to support mixed-fisheries management}",
    journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
    year = {2019},
    month = {10},
    abstract = "{Advice for commercially exploited fish stocks is usually given on a stock-by-stock basis. In light of the ecosystem-based fisheries management, the need to move towards a holistic approach has been largely acknowledged. In addition, the discard bans in some countries requires consistent catch advice among stocks to mitigate choke species limiting fisheries activity. In this context, in 2015, the European Commission proposed the use of fishing mortality ranges around fishing mortality targets to give flexibility to the catch advice system and improve the use of fishing opportunities in mixed-fisheries. We present a multi-stock harvest control rule (HCR) that uses single stock assessment results and fishing mortality ranges to generate a consistent catch advice among stocks. We tested the performance of the HCR in two different case studies. An artificial case study with three stocks exploited simultaneously by a single fleet and the demersal mixed-fishery operating in Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea. The HCR produced consistent catch advice among stocks when there was only a single fleet exploiting them. Even more, the HCR removed the impact of the discard ban. However, in a multi-fleet framework the performance of the HCR varied depending on the characteristics of the fleets.}",
    issn = {1054-3139},
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsz181},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz181},
    note = {fsz181},
    eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsz181/30132108/fsz181.pdf},
}

Advice for commercially exploited fish stocks is usually given on a stock-by-stock basis. In light of the ecosystem-based fisheries management, the need to move towards a holistic approach has been largely acknowledged. In addition, the discard bans in some countries requires consistent catch advice among stocks to mitigate choke species limiting fisheries activity. In this context, in 2015, the European Commission proposed the use of fishing mortality ranges around fishing mortality targets to give flexibility to the catch advice system and improve the use of fishing opportunities in mixed-fisheries. We present a multi-stock harvest control rule (HCR) that uses single stock assessment results and fishing mortality ranges to generate a consistent catch advice among stocks. We tested the performance of the HCR in two different case studies. An artificial case study with three stocks exploited simultaneously by a single fleet and the demersal mixed-fishery operating in Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea. The HCR produced consistent catch advice among stocks when there was only a single fleet exploiting them. Even more, the HCR removed the impact of the discard ban. However, in a multi-fleet framework the performance of the HCR varied depending on the characteristics of the fleets.

@Article{S2019,
author={Sanchez, S, Ibaibarriaga, L, Uriarte, A, Prellezo, R, Andres, M, Abaunza, P, Jardim, E, Lehuta, S, Pawlowski, L, Roel, B},
title={Challenges of management strategy evaluation for small pelagic fish: the Bay of Biscay anchovy case study},
journal={Marine Ecology Progress Series},
year={2019},
volume={617-618},
pages={245-263},
doi={10.3354/meps12602},
url={https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v617-618/p245-263/}
}

@article{KOLODY2019217,
title = "Recruitment in tuna RFMO stock assessment and management: A review of current approaches and challenges",
journal = "Fisheries Research",
volume = "217",
pages = "217 - 234",
year = "2019",
note = "Recruitment: Theory, Estimation, and Application in Fishery Stock Assessment Models",
issn = "0165-7836",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.11.031",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783618303412",
author = "Dale S. Kolody and J. Paige Eveson and Ann L. Preece and Campbell R. Davies and Richard M. Hillary",
keywords = "tuna RFMOs, Fisheries recruitment, Management strategy evaluation, Stock assessment"
}

@article{SUN201927,
title = "Developing and evaluating a management strategy evaluation framework for the Gulf of Maine cod (Gadus morhua)",
journal = "Ecological Modelling",
volume = "404",
pages = "27 - 35",
year = "2019",
issn = "0304-3800",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.04.007",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380019301449",
author = "Ming Sun and Yunzhou Li and Yiping Ren and Yong Chen",
keywords = "Fishery management, Management strategy evaluation, Harvest control rules, Uncertainty"
}

@article{winker2019bayesian,
  title={Bayesian state-space surplus production model JABBA assessment of Atlantic bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) stock},
  author={Winker, Henning and Kerwath, Sven and Merino, Gorka and Ortiz, Mauricio},
  journal={Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT},
  volume={75},
  number={7},
  pages={2129--2168},
  year={2019},
  url={https://www.iccat.int/Documents/CVSP/CV075_2018/n_7/CV075072129.pdf}
}

@article{thorpe2019multispecies,
  title={What is multispecies MSY? A worked example from the North Sea},
  author={Thorpe, Robert B},
  journal={Journal of Fish Fiology},
  year={2019},
  doi = {10.1111/jfb.13967}
}

@article{afflerbach2019quantifying,
  title={Quantifying uncertainty in the wild-caught fisheries goal of the Ocean Health Index},
  author={Afflerbach, Jamie C and Frazier, Melanie and Froehlich, Halley E and Anderson, Sean C and Halpern, Benjamin S},
  journal={Fish and Fisheries},
  volume={20},
  number={2},
  pages={343--354},
  year={2019},
  doi = {10.1111/faf.12346},
  url={https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/faf.12346}
}
  

@article{10.1093/icesjms/fsz015,
    author = {De Oliveira, José A A and Thorpe, Robert B},
    title = "{Comparing conceptual frameworks for a fish community MSY (FCMSY) using management strategy evaluation—an example from the North Sea}",
    year = {2019},
    month = {02},
    abstract = "{Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is a well-established concept that is mandated by legislation, and has a clear theoretical meaning in terms of a single stock. However, its definition is problematic in a multispecies setting, which makes it more difficult to apply the MSY principle. In this study of the North Sea fish community, we consider several possible MSY candidates, and evaluate them in terms of their ability to produce optimum long-term yield whilst avoiding unacceptable risk of stock impairment. We perform this evaluation with an ensemble of size-structured models using a management strategy evaluation approach, in which harvest control rules (HCRs) are used to determine levels of fishing as a function of the proposed MSY target and stock status, taking account of recruitment and model parameter uncertainties. We find that HCRs of the type considered here are always useful in the scenarios we tested, as they reduce overfishing risk much more than average long-term yield. This is independent of the precise form of the HCR, so it is more important to implement one rigorously than obsess over the rule details. For a lax definition of overfishing, which accepts relatively severe stock depletion (B \\< 10\\% B0), and using HCRs, risks are “low” across all strategies, and the Nash equilibrium is the best performing MSY approach considered here. For more stringent definitions of “at risk” (e.g. likelihood of B \\< 20\\% of B0), the application of HCRs can allow a range of alternative formulations of MSY. Thus, the definition of MSY may be sensitive to judgements about acceptable levels of risk, and consistent application of a sensible management framework may be more important than developing the best possible theoretical definition of MSY.}",
    doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsz015},
    url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz015},
    eprint = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsz015/27958948/fsz015.pdf},
}

Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is a well-established concept that is mandated by legislation, and has a clear theoretical meaning in terms of a single stock. However, its definition is problematic in a multispecies setting, which makes it more difficult to apply the MSY principle. In this study of the North Sea fish community, we consider several possible MSY candidates, and evaluate them in terms of their ability to produce optimum long-term yield whilst avoiding unacceptable risk of stock impairment. We perform this evaluation with an ensemble of size-structured models using a management strategy evaluation approach, in which harvest control rules (HCRs) are used to determine levels of fishing as a function of the proposed MSY target and stock status, taking account of recruitment and model parameter uncertainties. We find that HCRs of the type considered here are always useful in the scenarios we tested, as they reduce overfishing risk much more than average long-term yield. This is independent of the precise form of the HCR, so it is more important to implement one rigorously than obsess over the rule details. For a lax definition of overfishing, which accepts relatively severe stock depletion (B \< 10\% B0), and using HCRs, risks are “low” across all strategies, and the Nash equilibrium is the best performing MSY approach considered here. For more stringent definitions of “at risk” (e.g. likelihood of B \< 20\% of B0), the application of HCRs can allow a range of alternative formulations of MSY. Thus, the definition of MSY may be sensitive to judgements about acceptable levels of risk, and consistent application of a sensible management framework may be more important than developing the best possible theoretical definition of MSY.

@article{sagarese2019lessons,
  title={Lessons learned from data-limited evaluations of data-rich reef fish species in the Gulf of Mexico: implications for providing fisheries management advice for data-poor stocks},
  author={Sagarese, Skyler R and Harford, William J and Walter, John F and Bryan, Meaghan D and Isely, J Jeffery and Smith, Matthew W and Goethel, Daniel R and Rios, Adyan B and Cass-Calay, Shannon L and Porch, Clay E and others},
  journal={Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
  volume={76},
  number={9},
  pages={1624--1639},
  year={2019},
  publisher={NRC Research Press}
}

@article{goethel2019recent,
  title={Recent advances in management strategy evaluation: introduction to the special issue “Under pressure: addressing fisheries challenges with Management Strategy Evaluation”},
  author={Goethel, Daniel R and Lucey, Sean M and Berger, Aaron M and Gaichas, Sarah K and Karp, Melissa A and Lynch, Patrick D and Walter III, John F},
  journal={Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
  volume={76},
  number={10},
  pages={1689--1696},
  year={2019},
  publisher={NRC Research Press}
}

@phdthesis{gamiz2019evaluation,
  title={Evaluation and implementation of discards policies under catch-based fisheries management regimes},
  author={Gamiz, Nekane Alzorriz},
  year={2019},
  school={Wageningen University}
}

@article{kell2019evaluation,
  title={Evaluation of Current and Alternative Harvest Control Rules for Blue Whiting Management using Hindcasting},
  author={Kell, LT and Levontin, P},
  year={2019},
  url={https://www.pelagic-ac.org/media/pdf/Annex1_Blue%20whiting%20Hindcast%20final%20report.pdf}
}

@Inbook{Sculley2018,
author={Sculley, Michelle
and Yau, Annie},
chapter={Input data available for the North Pacific swordfish stock assessment in Stock Synthesis},
series={PIFSC working paper ; WP-18-002},
year={2018},
keywords={Catch effort},
keywords={Fish stock assessment},
keywords={Fisheries},
keywords={Swordfish},
abstract={The data provided to the ISC Billfish Working Group for the 2018 swordfish stock assessment in Stock Synthesis are summarized. An analysis of the Western Central North Pacific stock area standardized CPUE was performed to investigate potential conflict and correlations using the FLCore package. When there were multiple time periods of standardized CPUE indices for a fleet, they were combined into a single time series for this analysis. The results show moderate positive correlations between most indices. The highest positive correlation was between the US longline shallow set index and Taiwanese longline (0.76). There were five negative correlations, the largest of which was between the Taiwan longline and Japan longline area 1 indices (-0.33). Overall, there were not substantial conflicts in the CPUE time series, and all indices should be considered for inclusion in the Stock Synthesis base-case model.},
note={Professional Paper},
url={https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17613}
}

The data provided to the ISC Billfish Working Group for the 2018 swordfish stock assessment in Stock Synthesis are summarized. An analysis of the Western Central North Pacific stock area standardized CPUE was performed to investigate potential conflict and correlations using the FLCore package. When there were multiple time periods of standardized CPUE indices for a fleet, they were combined into a single time series for this analysis. The results show moderate positive correlations between most indices. The highest positive correlation was between the US longline shallow set index and Taiwanese longline (0.76). There were five negative correlations, the largest of which was between the Taiwan longline and Japan longline area 1 indices (-0.33). Overall, there were not substantial conflicts in the CPUE time series, and all indices should be considered for inclusion in the Stock Synthesis base-case model.

@article{WINKER2018275,
title = "JABBA: Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment",
journal = "Fisheries Research",
volume = "204",
pages = "275 - 288",
year = "2018",
issn = "0165-7836",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.03.010",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783618300845",
author = "Henning Winker and Felipe Carvalho and Maia Kapur",
keywords = "Bayesian, Surplus production model, State-space framework, Stock assessment, JAGS",
abstract = "This study presents a new, open-source modelling software entitled ‘Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment’ (JABBA). JABBA can be used for biomass dynamic stock assessment applications, and has emerged from the development of a Bayesian State-Space Surplus Production Model framework, already applied in stock assessments of sharks, tuna, and billfishes around the world. JABBA presents a unifying, flexible framework for biomass dynamic modelling, runs quickly, and generates reproducible stock status estimates and diagnostic tools. Specific emphasis has been placed on flexibility for specifying alternative scenarios, achieving high stability and improved convergence rates. Default JABBA features include: 1) an integrated state-space tool for averaging and automatically fitting multiple catch per unit effort (CPUE) time series; 2) data-weighting through estimation of additional observation variance for individual or grouped CPUE; 3) selection of Fox, Schaefer, or Pella-Tomlinson production functions; 4) options to fix or estimate process and observation variance components; 5) model diagnostic tools; 6) future projections for alternative catch regimes; and 7) a suite of inbuilt graphics illustrating model fit diagnostics and stock status results. As a case study, JABBA is applied to the 2017 assessment input data for South Atlantic swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We envision that JABBA will become a widely used, open-source stock assessment tool, readily improved and modified by the global scientific community."
}

This study presents a new, open-source modelling software entitled ‘Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment’ (JABBA). JABBA can be used for biomass dynamic stock assessment applications, and has emerged from the development of a Bayesian State-Space Surplus Production Model framework, already applied in stock assessments of sharks, tuna, and billfishes around the world. JABBA presents a unifying, flexible framework for biomass dynamic modelling, runs quickly, and generates reproducible stock status estimates and diagnostic tools. Specific emphasis has been placed on flexibility for specifying alternative scenarios, achieving high stability and improved convergence rates. Default JABBA features include: 1) an integrated state-space tool for averaging and automatically fitting multiple catch per unit effort (CPUE) time series; 2) data-weighting through estimation of additional observation variance for individual or grouped CPUE; 3) selection of Fox, Schaefer, or Pella-Tomlinson production functions; 4) options to fix or estimate process and observation variance components; 5) model diagnostic tools; 6) future projections for alternative catch regimes; and 7) a suite of inbuilt graphics illustrating model fit diagnostics and stock status results. As a case study, JABBA is applied to the 2017 assessment input data for South Atlantic swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We envision that JABBA will become a widely used, open-source stock assessment tool, readily improved and modified by the global scientific community.

@article{doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13081,
author = {Carruthers, Thomas R. and Hordyk, Adrian R.},
title = {The Data-Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool): An R package for informing management of data-limited populations},
journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {2388-2395},
keywords = {data moderate, data poor, management procedure, management strategy evaluation, population modelling, stock assessment},
doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.13081},
url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/2041-210X.13081},
eprint = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/2041-210X.13081},
abstract = {Abstract A simulation-based approach known as management strategy evaluation (MSE) is increasingly used by resource managers to identify management procedures that are robust to uncertainties in system dynamics. The majority of global fish populations are data limited and there is large uncertainty over their population and exploitation dynamics. The Data-Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool) is an R package that allows for rapid and flexible MSE specification. The package consolidates a large number of existing data-limited management procedures and allows for rapid MSE testing of new approaches. The DLMtool package has supported transparent and rigorous decision-making for a number of data-limited populations, identifying robust management procedures and revealing performance trade-offs.},
year = {2018}
}

Abstract A simulation-based approach known as management strategy evaluation (MSE) is increasingly used by resource managers to identify management procedures that are robust to uncertainties in system dynamics. The majority of global fish populations are data limited and there is large uncertainty over their population and exploitation dynamics. The Data-Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool) is an R package that allows for rapid and flexible MSE specification. The package consolidates a large number of existing data-limited management procedures and allows for rapid MSE testing of new approaches. The DLMtool package has supported transparent and rigorous decision-making for a number of data-limited populations, identifying robust management procedures and revealing performance trade-offs.

@article{UTIZI2018248,
title = "Impact assessment of EMFF measures on Good Environmental Status (GES) as defined by Italy",
journal = "Marine Policy",
volume = "88",
pages = "248 - 260",
year = "2018",
issn = "0308-597X",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.003",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17308059",
author = "Kizzi Utizi and Emilio Notti and Antonello Sala and Alessandro Buzzi and Ilaria Rodella and Umberto Simeoni and Corinne Corbau",
keywords = "CFP, MSFD, Expert judgment approach, Fisheries management, Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture",
abstract = "Fisheries involve an intensive use of European maritime regions according to the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The recent CFP reform has adopted an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management that is characterised by enhanced regionalisation and multi-annual management plans. It aims to avoid the adverse environmental impacts of fishing activities, which are to be mitigated as far as possible, while the wasteful practice of discarding unwanted catches is to be phased out by 2019, at least for species with minimum landing size. The paper investigates the ability of selected measures, envisaged by the CFP reform through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF), to sustain and attain the objectives of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which aims at achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) in marine waters according to an ecosystem-based approach. The analysis uses an expert judgment-based approach and a specially devised questionnaire, where fisheries science and management experts were asked to assess the impact and interaction of selected EMFF measures on GES achievement as defined for the Italian seas. Their responses are discussed and compared with information coming from an extensive literature review. The results of the analysis highlight a general agreement between EMFF actions and GES objectives but also identify some potential conflicts."
}

Fisheries involve an intensive use of European maritime regions according to the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The recent CFP reform has adopted an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management that is characterised by enhanced regionalisation and multi-annual management plans. It aims to avoid the adverse environmental impacts of fishing activities, which are to be mitigated as far as possible, while the wasteful practice of discarding unwanted catches is to be phased out by 2019, at least for species with minimum landing size. The paper investigates the ability of selected measures, envisaged by the CFP reform through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF), to sustain and attain the objectives of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which aims at achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) in marine waters according to an ecosystem-based approach. The analysis uses an expert judgment-based approach and a specially devised questionnaire, where fisheries science and management experts were asked to assess the impact and interaction of selected EMFF measures on GES achievement as defined for the Italian seas. Their responses are discussed and compared with information coming from an extensive literature review. The results of the analysis highlight a general agreement between EMFF actions and GES objectives but also identify some potential conflicts.

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0190015,
    author = {Mackinson, Steven AND Platts, Mark AND Garcia, Clement AND Lynam, Christopher},
    journal = {PLOS ONE},
    publisher = {Public Library of Science},
    title = {Evaluating the fishery and ecological consequences of the proposed North Sea multi-annual plan},
    year = {2018},
    month = {01},
    volume = {13},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190015},
    pages = {1-23},
    abstract = {The possible impacts of the European Commission’s proposed North Sea Multi-Annual Plan are evaluated in terms of its likely outcomes to achieve management objectives for fishing pressure, species’ biomass, fishery yield, the landed value of key species and ecosystem objectives. The method applies management strategy evaluation procedures that employ an ecosystem model of the North Sea and its fisheries as the operating model. Taking five key dimensions of the proposed plan, it identifies those areas that are key to its successful performance. Overwhelmingly, choices in the options for the implementation of regulatory measures on discarding practices outweigh the effects of options related to fishing within ranges associated with ‘pretty good yield’, the way that biomass conservation safeguard mechanisms are applied and the timeframe for achieving fishing mortality targets. The impact of safeguard options and ranges in fishing mortality become important only when stock biomass is close to its reference points. The fifth dimension–taking into account wider conservation and ecosystem objectives—reveals that discard policy has a big impact on conservation species, but also that the type of harvest control rule can play an important role in limiting risks to stocks by ‘applying the brakes’ early. The consequences to fisheries however is heightened risk to their viability, thus exposing the sustainability trade-offs faced with balancing societal pressures for blue growth and enhanced conservation. It also reveals the wider ecosystem impacts that emphasise the connectivity between the demersal and pelagic realms, and thus, the importance of not treating the demersal NSMAP in isolation from other management plans. When stocks are below their biomass reference points, low F strategies lead to better long term economic performance, but for stocks consistently above biomass reference points, high F strategies lead to higher long term value. Nephrops and whiting often show contradictory responses to the strategies because changes in their predators abundance affects their abundance and success of their fisheries.},
    number = {1},
    doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0190015}
}

The possible impacts of the European Commission’s proposed North Sea Multi-Annual Plan are evaluated in terms of its likely outcomes to achieve management objectives for fishing pressure, species’ biomass, fishery yield, the landed value of key species and ecosystem objectives. The method applies management strategy evaluation procedures that employ an ecosystem model of the North Sea and its fisheries as the operating model. Taking five key dimensions of the proposed plan, it identifies those areas that are key to its successful performance. Overwhelmingly, choices in the options for the implementation of regulatory measures on discarding practices outweigh the effects of options related to fishing within ranges associated with ‘pretty good yield’, the way that biomass conservation safeguard mechanisms are applied and the timeframe for achieving fishing mortality targets. The impact of safeguard options and ranges in fishing mortality become important only when stock biomass is close to its reference points. The fifth dimension–taking into account wider conservation and ecosystem objectives—reveals that discard policy has a big impact on conservation species, but also that the type of harvest control rule can play an important role in limiting risks to stocks by ‘applying the brakes’ early. The consequences to fisheries however is heightened risk to their viability, thus exposing the sustainability trade-offs faced with balancing societal pressures for blue growth and enhanced conservation. It also reveals the wider ecosystem impacts that emphasise the connectivity between the demersal and pelagic realms, and thus, the importance of not treating the demersal NSMAP in isolation from other management plans. When stocks are below their biomass reference points, low F strategies lead to better long term economic performance, but for stocks consistently above biomass reference points, high F strategies lead to higher long term value. Nephrops and whiting often show contradictory responses to the strategies because changes in their predators abundance affects their abundance and success of their fisheries.

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0190791,
    author = {Jardim, Ernesto AND Eero, Margit AND Silva, Alexandra AND Ulrich, Clara AND Pawlowski, Lionel AND Holmes, Steven J. AND Ibaibarriaga, Leire AND De Oliveira, José A. A. AND Riveiro, Isabel AND Alzorriz, Nekane AND Citores, Leire AND Scott, Finlay AND Uriarte, Andres AND Carrera, Pablo AND Duhamel, Erwan AND Mosqueira, Iago},
    journal = {PLOS ONE},
    publisher = {Public Library of Science},
    title = {Testing spatial heterogeneity with stock assessment models},
    year = {2018},
    month = {01},
    volume = {13},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190791},
    pages = {1-23},
    abstract = {This paper describes a methodology that combines meta-population theory and stock assessment models to gain insights about spatial heterogeneity of the meta-population in an operational time frame. The methodology was tested with stochastic simulations for different degrees of connectivity between sub-populations and applied to two case studies, North Sea cod (Gadus morua) and Northeast Atlantic sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Considering that the biological components of a population can be partitioned into discrete spatial units, we extended this idea into a property of additivity of sub-population abundances. If the additivity results hold true for putative sub-populations, then assessment results based on sub-populations will provide information to develop and monitor the implementation of finer scale/local management. The simulation study confirmed that when sub-populations are independent and not too heterogeneous with regards to productivity, the sum of stock assessment model estimates of sub-populations’ SSB is similar to the SSB estimates of the meta-population. It also showed that a strong diffusion process can be detected and that the stronger the connection between SSB and recruitment, the better the diffusion process will be detected. On the other hand it showed that weak to moderate diffusion processes are not easy to identify and large differences between sub-populations productivities may be confounded with weak diffusion processes. The application to North Sea cod and Atlantic sardine exemplified how much insight can be gained. In both cases the results obtained were sufficiently robust to support the regional analysis.},
    number = {1},
    doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0190791}
}

This paper describes a methodology that combines meta-population theory and stock assessment models to gain insights about spatial heterogeneity of the meta-population in an operational time frame. The methodology was tested with stochastic simulations for different degrees of connectivity between sub-populations and applied to two case studies, North Sea cod (Gadus morua) and Northeast Atlantic sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Considering that the biological components of a population can be partitioned into discrete spatial units, we extended this idea into a property of additivity of sub-population abundances. If the additivity results hold true for putative sub-populations, then assessment results based on sub-populations will provide information to develop and monitor the implementation of finer scale/local management. The simulation study confirmed that when sub-populations are independent and not too heterogeneous with regards to productivity, the sum of stock assessment model estimates of sub-populations’ SSB is similar to the SSB estimates of the meta-population. It also showed that a strong diffusion process can be detected and that the stronger the connection between SSB and recruitment, the better the diffusion process will be detected. On the other hand it showed that weak to moderate diffusion processes are not easy to identify and large differences between sub-populations productivities may be confounded with weak diffusion processes. The application to North Sea cod and Atlantic sardine exemplified how much insight can be gained. In both cases the results obtained were sufficiently robust to support the regional analysis.

@article{doi:10.1111/faf.12316,
author = {Walsh, Jessica C. and Minto, Cóilín and Jardim, Ernesto and Anderson, Sean C. and Jensen, Olaf P. and Afflerbach, Jamie and Dickey-Collas, Mark and Kleisner, Kristin M. and Longo, Catherine and Osio, Giacomo Chato and Selig, Elizabeth R. and Thorson, James T. and Rudd, Merrill B. and Papacostas, Katherine J. and Kittinger, John N. and Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Cooper, Andrew B.},
title = {Trade-offs for data-limited fisheries when using harvest strategies based on catch-only models},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {1130-1146},
keywords = {catch-only model, data-limited, data-poor, harvest control rule, management strategy evaluation, superensemble},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12316},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/faf.12316},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12316},
abstract = {Abstract Many of the world's fisheries are unassessed, with little information about population status or risk of overfishing. Unassessed fisheries are particularly predominant in developing countries and in small-scale fisheries, where they are important for food security. Several catch-only methods based on time series of fishery catch and commonly available life-history traits have been developed to estimate stock status (defined as biomass relative to biomass at maximum sustainable yield: B/BMSY). While their stock status performance has been extensively studied, performance of catch-only models as a management tool is unknown. We evaluated the extent to which a superensemble of three prominent catch-only models can provide a reliable basis for fisheries management and how performance compares across management strategies that control catch or fishing effort. We used a management strategy evaluation framework to determine whether a superensemble of catch-only models can reliably inform harvest control rules (HCRs). Across five simulated fish life histories and two harvest-dynamic types, catch-only models and HCR combinations reduced the risk of overfishing and increased the proportion of stocks above BMSY compared to business as usual, though often resulted in poor yields. Precautionary HCRs based on fishing effort were robust and insensitive to error in catch-only models, while catch-based HCRs caused high probabilities of overfishing and more overfished populations. Catch-only methods tended to overestimate B/BMSY for our simulated data sets. The catch-only superensemble combined with precautionary effort-based HCRs could be part of a stepping stone approach for managing some data-limited stocks while working towards more data-moderate assessment methods.},
year = {2018}
}

Abstract Many of the world's fisheries are unassessed, with little information about population status or risk of overfishing. Unassessed fisheries are particularly predominant in developing countries and in small-scale fisheries, where they are important for food security. Several catch-only methods based on time series of fishery catch and commonly available life-history traits have been developed to estimate stock status (defined as biomass relative to biomass at maximum sustainable yield: B/BMSY). While their stock status performance has been extensively studied, performance of catch-only models as a management tool is unknown. We evaluated the extent to which a superensemble of three prominent catch-only models can provide a reliable basis for fisheries management and how performance compares across management strategies that control catch or fishing effort. We used a management strategy evaluation framework to determine whether a superensemble of catch-only models can reliably inform harvest control rules (HCRs). Across five simulated fish life histories and two harvest-dynamic types, catch-only models and HCR combinations reduced the risk of overfishing and increased the proportion of stocks above BMSY compared to business as usual, though often resulted in poor yields. Precautionary HCRs based on fishing effort were robust and insensitive to error in catch-only models, while catch-based HCRs caused high probabilities of overfishing and more overfished populations. Catch-only methods tended to overestimate B/BMSY for our simulated data sets. The catch-only superensemble combined with precautionary effort-based HCRs could be part of a stepping stone approach for managing some data-limited stocks while working towards more data-moderate assessment methods.

@article{doi:10.1002/nafm.10047,
author = {Sagarese, Skyler R. and Rios, Adyan B. and Cass-Calay, Shannon L. and Cummings, Nancie J. and Bryan, Meaghan D. and Stevens, Molly H. and Harford, William J. and McCarthy, Kevin J. and Matter, Vivian M.},
title = {Working Towards a Framework for Stock Evaluations in Data-Limited Fisheries},
journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {507-537},
doi = {10.1002/nafm.10047},
url = {https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nafm.10047},
eprint = {https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nafm.10047},
abstract = {Abstract Data-limited approaches to managing fisheries are widespread in regions where insufficient data prevent traditional stock assessments from determining stock status with sufficient certainty to be useful for management. Where severe data limitations persist, a catch-only approach is commonly employed, such as in the U.S. Caribbean region. This approach, however, has not received the level of scrutiny required to determine the potential long-term risks (e.g., probability of overfishing) to fish stocks. In this study, we present a framework for comparison and implementation of data-limited methods, including the static Status Quo approach, which uses average catch landings. Candidate species for stock evaluation were identified through a data triage and included Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Puerto Rico), Queen Triggerfish Balistes vetula (St. Thomas and St. John), and Stoplight Parrotfish Sparisoma viride (St. Croix). Feasible data-limited methods, based on data availability and quality, included empirical indicator approaches using relative abundance (i.e., catch per unit effort) or mean length. Results from the management strategy evaluation support the use of adaptive data-limited methods, which incorporate feedback in contrast to the static Status Quo approach. The proposed framework can help guide the development of catch advice for dynamic fisheries management in data-limited regions.},
year = {2018}
}

Abstract Data-limited approaches to managing fisheries are widespread in regions where insufficient data prevent traditional stock assessments from determining stock status with sufficient certainty to be useful for management. Where severe data limitations persist, a catch-only approach is commonly employed, such as in the U.S. Caribbean region. This approach, however, has not received the level of scrutiny required to determine the potential long-term risks (e.g., probability of overfishing) to fish stocks. In this study, we present a framework for comparison and implementation of data-limited methods, including the static Status Quo approach, which uses average catch landings. Candidate species for stock evaluation were identified through a data triage and included Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Puerto Rico), Queen Triggerfish Balistes vetula (St. Thomas and St. John), and Stoplight Parrotfish Sparisoma viride (St. Croix). Feasible data-limited methods, based on data availability and quality, included empirical indicator approaches using relative abundance (i.e., catch per unit effort) or mean length. Results from the management strategy evaluation support the use of adaptive data-limited methods, which incorporate feedback in contrast to the static Status Quo approach. The proposed framework can help guide the development of catch advice for dynamic fisheries management in data-limited regions.

@article{doi:10.1111/faf.12232,
author = {Nielsen, J Rasmus and Thunberg, Eric and Holland, Daniel S and Schmidt, Jorn O and Fulton, Elizabeth A and Bastardie, Francois and Punt, Andre E and Allen, Icarus and Bartelings, Heleen and Bertignac, Michel and Bethke, Eckhard and Bossier, Sieme and Buckworth, Rik and Carpenter, Griffin and Christensen, Asbjørn and Christensen, Villy and Da-Rocha, José M and Deng, Roy and Dichmont, Catherine and Doering, Ralf and Esteban, Aniol and Fernandes, Jose A. and Frost, Hans and Garcia, Dorleta and Gasche, Loic and Gascuel, Didier and Gourguet, Sophie and Groeneveld, Rolf A and Guillén, Jordi and Guyader, Olivier and Hamon, Katell G and Hoff, Ayoe and Horbowy, Jan and Hutton, Trevor and Lehuta, Sigrid and Little, L Richard and Lleonart, Jordi and Macher, Claire and Mackinson, Steven and Mahevas, Stephanie and Marchal, Paul and Mato-Amboage, Rosa and Mapstone, Bruce and Maynou, Francesc and Merzéréaud, Mathieu and Palacz, Artur and Pascoe, Sean and Paulrud, Anton and Plaganyi, Eva and Prellezo, Raul and van Putten, Elizabeth I and Quaas, Martin and Ravn-Jonsen, Lars and Sanchez, Sonia and Simons, Sarah and Thébaud, Olivier and Tomczak, Maciej T and Ulrich, Clara and van Dijk, Diana and Vermard, Youen and Voss, Rudi and Waldo, Staffan},
title = {Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {1-29},
keywords = {bio-economic models, comparative model evaluation, fisheries management advice, integrated ecological–economic fisheries models, marine spatial planning and cross-sector management, performance criteria and scales and risks, use and acceptance and implementation and communication and flexibility and complexity},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12232},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/faf.12232},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12232},
abstract = {Abstract Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area-specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader-scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo-dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long-term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision-making.},
year = {2018}
}

Abstract Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area-specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader-scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo-dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long-term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision-making.

@article{ ISI:000404555100008,
Author = {Anderson, Sean C. and Cooper, Andrew B. and Jensen, Olaf P. and Minto,
   Coilin and Thorson, James T. and Walsh, Jessica C. and Afflerbach, Jamie
   and Dickey-Collas, Mark and Kleisner, Kristin M. and Longo, Catherine
   and Osio, Giacomo Chato and Ovando, Daniel and Mosqueira, Iago and
   Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Selig, Elizabeth R.},
Title = {{Improving estimates of population status and trend with superensemble
   models}},
Journal = {{FISH AND FISHERIES}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{732-741}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Fishery managers must often reconcile conflicting estimates of
   population status and trend. Superensemble models, commonly used in
   climate and weather forecasting, may provide an effective solution. This
   approach uses predictions from multiple models as covariates in an
   additional ``superensemble{''} model fitted to known data. We evaluated
   the potential for ensemble averages and superensemble models (ensemble
   methods) to improve estimates of population status and trend for
   fisheries. We fit four widely applicable data-limited models that
   estimate stock biomass relative to equilibrium biomass at maximum
   sustainable yield (B/BMSY). We combined these estimates of recent
   fishery status and trends in B/BMSY with four ensemble methods: an
   ensemble average and three superensembles (a linear model, a random
   forest and a boosted regression tree). We trained our superensembles on
   5,760 simulated stocks and tested them with cross-validation and against
   a global database of 249 stock assessments. Ensemble methods
   substantially improved estimates of population status and trend. Random
   forest and boosted regression trees performed the best at estimating
   population status: inaccuracy (median absolute proportional error)
   decreased from 0.42 -0.56 to 0.32 -0.33, rank-order correlation between
   predicted and true status improved from 0.02 - 0.32 to 0.44 - 0.48 and
   bias (median proportional error) declined from - 0.22 - 0.31 to - 0.12 -
   0.03. We found similar improvements when predicting trend and when
   applying the simulation-trained superensembles to catch data for global
   fish stocks. Superensembles can optimally leverage multiple model
   predictions; however, they must be tested, formed from a diverse set of
   accurate models and built on a data set representative of the
   populations to which they are applied.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Anderson, SC (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA USA.
   Anderson, Sean C.; Cooper, Andrew B.; Walsh, Jessica C., Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource \& Environm Management, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
   Jensen, Olaf P., Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
   Minto, Coilin, Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Marine \& Freshwater Res Ctr, Galway, Ireland.
   Thorson, James T., NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal \& Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   Afflerbach, Jamie, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal \& Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark, Int Council Explorat Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark, Tech Univ Denmark DTU, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Kleisner, Kristin M., NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   Longo, Catherine, Marine Stewarship Council, London, England.
   Osio, Giacomo Chato; Mosqueira, Iago, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Directorate Sustainable Resources D, Unit Water \& Marine Resources D 02, Ispra, Italy.
   Ovando, Daniel, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci \& Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   Rosenberg, Andrew A., Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA.
   Selig, Elizabeth R., Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/faf.12200}},
ISSN = {{1467-2960}},
EISSN = {{1467-2979}},
Keywords = {{CMSY; data-limited fisheries; ensemble methods; multimodel averaging;
   population dynamics; sustainable resource management}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS; MULTIMODEL SUPERENSEMBLE; EXTINCTION RISK;
   FISHERIES; SELECTION; ENSEMBLE; OCEANS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{sean.anderson@dal.ca}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation}},
Funding-Text = {{Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish. Fish.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EZ2QR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000404555100008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Fishery managers must often reconcile conflicting estimates of population status and trend. Superensemble models, commonly used in climate and weather forecasting, may provide an effective solution. This approach uses predictions from multiple models as covariates in an additional ``superensemble'' model fitted to known data. We evaluated the potential for ensemble averages and superensemble models (ensemble methods) to improve estimates of population status and trend for fisheries. We fit four widely applicable data-limited models that estimate stock biomass relative to equilibrium biomass at maximum sustainable yield (B/BMSY). We combined these estimates of recent fishery status and trends in B/BMSY with four ensemble methods: an ensemble average and three superensembles (a linear model, a random forest and a boosted regression tree). We trained our superensembles on 5,760 simulated stocks and tested them with cross-validation and against a global database of 249 stock assessments. Ensemble methods substantially improved estimates of population status and trend. Random forest and boosted regression trees performed the best at estimating population status: inaccuracy (median absolute proportional error) decreased from 0.42 -0.56 to 0.32 -0.33, rank-order correlation between predicted and true status improved from 0.02 - 0.32 to 0.44 - 0.48 and bias (median proportional error) declined from - 0.22 - 0.31 to - 0.12 - 0.03. We found similar improvements when predicting trend and when applying the simulation-trained superensembles to catch data for global fish stocks. Superensembles can optimally leverage multiple model predictions; however, they must be tested, formed from a diverse set of accurate models and built on a data set representative of the populations to which they are applied.

@article{ ISI:000397351500022,
Author = {Ruiz, Javier and Maria Rincon, Margarita and Castilla, David and Ramos,
   Fernando and Garcia del Hoyo, Juan Jose},
Title = {{Biological and economic vulnerabilities of fixed TACs in small pelagics:
   An analysis of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Gulf
   of Cadiz}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{78}},
Pages = {{171-180}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{A coupled population dynamics and economic model is applied to the purse
   seine anchovy-fishery in the Gulf of Cadiz. The model simulates the
   population dynamics, landings and profits on a probabilistic frame.
   These simulations are used to assess the biological and economic
   consequences of an individual quota Management framework enveloped by a
   fixed Total Allowable Catch (TAC), the present strategy used to manage
   this stock in the Spanish fishery. Our results accurately indicate that
   this strategy magnifies the biological and economic vulnerabilities
   associated with the exploitation of the stock, thus jeopardizing the
   sustainability of this fishery. Alternative strategies, such as an
   adaptive TAC, are explored. The results indicate that even a basic
   implementation of an adaptive TAC seems more favorable than the present
   strategy in the necessary equilibrium between profits and
   sustainability. This paper provides tools and an assessment that may
   also be useful for other small pelagic fisheries.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ruiz, J (Reprint Author), Consejo Super Invest Cientf ICMAN CSIC, Dept Coastal Ecol \& Management, Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Cadiz, Spain.
   Ruiz, Javier; Maria Rincon, Margarita, Consejo Super Invest Cientf ICMAN CSIC, Dept Coastal Ecol \& Management, Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Cadiz, Spain.
   Castilla, David; Garcia del Hoyo, Juan Jose, Univ Huelva, Fac Ciencias Empresariales, Campus La Merced,Plaza Merced 11, Huelva 21071, Spain.
   Ramos, Fernando, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, Muelle Levante S-N,Apdo 2609, Cadiz 11006, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2017.01.022}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
EISSN = {{1872-9460}},
Keywords = {{Bioeconomic model; Adaptive TAC; Engraulis encrasicolus; European
   anchovy; Small pelagics; ICES Subdivision IXa}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SW SPAIN; SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;
   ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; L.; ESTUARY; GROWTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{javier.ruiz@icman.csic.es}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Garcia del Hoyo, Juan Jose/0000-0002-6132-8566}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}613571/MAREFRAME]}},
Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
   European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-KBBE-2013) under the
   grant agreement 613571/MAREFRAME project. However, the paper does not
   necessarily reflect EC views and in no way anticipates the Commissions
   future policy in the area. We thank Jose C. Macias, from i-Fish
   Consulting \& Market S.L., for useful information and data on fleet
   operations.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EP4LH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000397351500022}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A coupled population dynamics and economic model is applied to the purse seine anchovy-fishery in the Gulf of Cadiz. The model simulates the population dynamics, landings and profits on a probabilistic frame. These simulations are used to assess the biological and economic consequences of an individual quota Management framework enveloped by a fixed Total Allowable Catch (TAC), the present strategy used to manage this stock in the Spanish fishery. Our results accurately indicate that this strategy magnifies the biological and economic vulnerabilities associated with the exploitation of the stock, thus jeopardizing the sustainability of this fishery. Alternative strategies, such as an adaptive TAC, are explored. The results indicate that even a basic implementation of an adaptive TAC seems more favorable than the present strategy in the necessary equilibrium between profits and sustainability. This paper provides tools and an assessment that may also be useful for other small pelagic fisheries.

@article{ ISI:000398110100006,
Author = {Garcia, Dorleta and Prellezo, Raul and Sampedro, Paz and Da-Rocha, Jose
   Maria and Castro, Jose and Cervino, Santiago and Garcia-Cutrin, Javier
   and Gutierrez, Maria-Jose},
Title = {{Bioeconomic multistock reference points as a tool for overcoming the
   drawbacks of the landing obligation}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{74}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{511-524}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{The landing obligation policy was one of the major innovations
   introduced in the last Common Fisheries Policy reform in Europe. It is
   foreseen that the policy will affect the use of fishing opportunities
   and hence the economic performance of the fleets. The problem with
   fishing opportunities could be solved if single-stock total allowable
   catches (TACs) could be achieved simultaneously for all the stocks. In
   this study, we evaluate the economic impact of the landing obligation
   policy on the Spanish demersal fleet operating in the Iberian Sea
   region. To generate TAC advice, we used two sets of maximum sustainable
   yield (MSY) reference points, the single-stock MSY reference points
   defined by ICES and a set of multistock reference points calculated
   simultaneously using a bioeconomic optimization model. We found that the
   impact of the landing obligation is time and fleet dependent and highly
   influenced by assumptions about fleet dynamics. At fishery level,
   multistock reference points mitigate the decrease in the net present
   value generated by the implementation of the landing obligation. However
   at fleet level, the effect depends on the fleet itself and the period.
   To ensure the optimum use of fishing opportunities, the landing
   obligation should be accompanied by a management system that guarantees
   consistency between single-stock TACs. In this regard, multistock
   reference points represent an improvement over those currently in use.
   However, further investigation is necessary to enhance performance both
   at fleet level and in the long term.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Garcia, D (Reprint Author), Marine Res Div, Sukarrieta, Spain.
   Garcia, Dorleta; Prellezo, Raul, Marine Res Div, Sukarrieta, Spain.
   Sampedro, Paz, Inst Espanol Oceanografia, La Coruna, Spain.
   Da-Rocha, Jose Maria; Garcia-Cutrin, Javier, Univ Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain.
   Da-Rocha, Jose Maria, ITAM, Inst Tecnol Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
   Castro, Jose; Cervino, Santiago, Inst Espanol Oceanografia, Vigo, Spain.
   Gutierrez, Maria-Jose, Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Bilbao, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsw030}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{bioeconomic; fleet dynamics; landing obligation; management strategy
   evaluation; reference points}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MIXED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT; DISCARD BAN;
   FRAMEWORK; ADVICE; SEA; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR; POLICY; MODEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{dgarcia@azti.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/C-1141-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/0000-0003-3074-0854}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Basque Government (Agriculture and Fisheries Department); European
   Commission as part of the Myfish project {[}289257]; Xunta de Galicia
   {[}GRC2015/014]; Xunta de Galicia (ECOBAS)}},
Funding-Text = {{We are especially grateful to Agurtzane Urtizberea and Inaki Quincoces
   from Azti for helping with the conditioning and grid system,
   respectively, Cristina Silva from IPMA for providing the Portuguese
   data, as well as Inaki Oyarzabal and Mikel Basterretxea, on-board
   observers from Azti, for sharing with us their knowledge and experience
   of working aboard trawlers. Finally, thanks to the two anonymous
   reviewers and the editor for their valued comments that greatly improved
   the final manuscript. This is publication number 753 by the Marine
   Research Division of Azti. This work was funded by the Basque Government
   (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) and the European Commission as
   part of the Myfish project (Grant agreement no. 289257). J.M.D.R.
   gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Xunta de Galicia
   (ref. GRC2015/014 and ECOBAS).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EQ5GI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000398110100006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The landing obligation policy was one of the major innovations introduced in the last Common Fisheries Policy reform in Europe. It is foreseen that the policy will affect the use of fishing opportunities and hence the economic performance of the fleets. The problem with fishing opportunities could be solved if single-stock total allowable catches (TACs) could be achieved simultaneously for all the stocks. In this study, we evaluate the economic impact of the landing obligation policy on the Spanish demersal fleet operating in the Iberian Sea region. To generate TAC advice, we used two sets of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points, the single-stock MSY reference points defined by ICES and a set of multistock reference points calculated simultaneously using a bioeconomic optimization model. We found that the impact of the landing obligation is time and fleet dependent and highly influenced by assumptions about fleet dynamics. At fishery level, multistock reference points mitigate the decrease in the net present value generated by the implementation of the landing obligation. However at fleet level, the effect depends on the fleet itself and the period. To ensure the optimum use of fishing opportunities, the landing obligation should be accompanied by a management system that guarantees consistency between single-stock TACs. In this regard, multistock reference points represent an improvement over those currently in use. However, further investigation is necessary to enhance performance both at fleet level and in the long term.

@article{ ISI:000398110100007,
Author = {Rindorf, Anna and Cardinale, Massimiliano and Shephard, Samuel and De
   Oliveira, Jose A. A. and Hjorleifsson, Einar and Kempf, Alexander and
   Luzenczyk, Anna and Millar, Colin and Miller, David C. M. and Needle,
   Coby L. and Simmonds, John and Vinther, Morten},
Title = {{Fishing for MSY: using ``pretty good yield{''} ranges without impairing
   recruitment}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{74}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{525-534}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Pretty good yield (PGY) is a sustainable fish yield corresponding to
   obtaining no less than a specified large percentage of the maximum
   sustainable yield (MSY). We investigated 19 European fish stocks to test
   the hypothesis that the 95\% PGY yield range is inherently precautionary
   with respect to impairing recruitment. An F-MSY range was calculated for
   each stock as the range of fishing mortalities (F) that lead to an
   average catch of at least 95\% of MSY in long-term simulations. Further,
   a precautionary reference point for each stock (F-P.05) was defined as
   the F resulting in a 5\% probability of the spawning-stock biomass
   falling below an agreed biomass limit below which recruitment is
   impaired (B-lim) in long-term simulations. For the majority of the
   stocks analysed, the upper bound of the F-MSY range exceeded the
   estimated F-P.05. However, larger fish species had higher precautionary
   limits to fishing mortality, and species with larger asymptotic length
   were less likely to have F-MSY ranges impairing recruitment. Our study
   shows that fishing at F-MSY generally is precautionary with respect to
   impairing recruitment for highly exploited teleost species in northern
   European waters, whereas the upper part of the range providing 95\% of
   MSY is not necessarily precautionary for small-and medium-sized
   teleosts.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rindorf, A (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark DTU, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Jaegersborg 1,Charlottenlund Castle, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Rindorf, Anna; Vinther, Morten, Tech Univ Denmark DTU, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Jaegersborg 1,Charlottenlund Castle, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Cardinale, Massimiliano, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Marine Res Inst, Dept Aquat Resources, S-45330 Lysekil, Sweden.
   Shephard, Samuel, Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT97BL, Antrim, North Ireland.
   De Oliveira, Jose A. A., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Hjorleifsson, Einar, Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   Kempf, Alexander, Thunen Inst Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
   Luzenczyk, Anna, NMFRI Natl Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Ul Kollataja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland.
   Millar, Colin; Miller, David C. M.; Simmonds, John, Int Council Explorat Sea ICES, HC Andersens Blvd 44-46, DK-1553 Copenhagen, Denmark.
   Needle, Coby L., Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsw111}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{FMSY ranges; impaired recruitment; maximum sustainable yield; pretty
   good yield}},
Keywords-Plus = {{REFERENCE POINTS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; NATURAL MORTALITY; FISHERIES;
   COMMUNITIES; TARGETS; GROWTH; MODEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ar@aqua.dtu.dk}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}289257]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the participants of the Joint ICES-MYFISH Workshop to
   consider the basis for F<INF>MSY</INF> ranges for all stocks for
   contributing to the development of the general guidelines and the
   discussion of results. The research leading to these results has
   received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework
   Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement MYFISH number 289257
   (AR, AK, SS, MV).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EQ5GI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000398110100007}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Pretty good yield (PGY) is a sustainable fish yield corresponding to obtaining no less than a specified large percentage of the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). We investigated 19 European fish stocks to test the hypothesis that the 95% PGY yield range is inherently precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment. An F-MSY range was calculated for each stock as the range of fishing mortalities (F) that lead to an average catch of at least 95% of MSY in long-term simulations. Further, a precautionary reference point for each stock (F-P.05) was defined as the F resulting in a 5% probability of the spawning-stock biomass falling below an agreed biomass limit below which recruitment is impaired (B-lim) in long-term simulations. For the majority of the stocks analysed, the upper bound of the F-MSY range exceeded the estimated F-P.05. However, larger fish species had higher precautionary limits to fishing mortality, and species with larger asymptotic length were less likely to have F-MSY ranges impairing recruitment. Our study shows that fishing at F-MSY generally is precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment for highly exploited teleost species in northern European waters, whereas the upper part of the range providing 95% of MSY is not necessarily precautionary for small-and medium-sized teleosts.

@article{ ISI:000398110100008,
Author = {Bastardie, Francois and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and Eero, Margit and Fuga,
   Federico and Rindorf, Anna},
Title = {{Effects of changes in stock productivity and mixing on sustainable
   fishing and economic viability}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{74}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{535-551}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Within the new F-MSY European paradigm, this paper shows how a
   combination of changes in fish stock mixing, non-stationarity in
   productivity, and constraints on unit stock concepts undermine the
   effective management of fisheries, especially when management reference
   points are not adjusted accordingly. Recent changes in stock structures,
   conditions and stock mixing between eastern and western Baltic cod can
   jeopardize the reliability of stock assessments and of the fishery
   economy. We modelled how different management, individual vessel
   decision-making, and stock growth and mixing scenarios have induced
   alternative individual vessel spatial effort allocation and economic
   performance by affecting fishing costs and by changing the relative
   stock abundance and size distribution. Stock mixing heavily influences
   profit and stock abundance for stocks that have experienced increased
   fishing mortality (F) levels. Western cod F has increased from a higher
   total allowed catches (TAC) advised in the medium-term due to the
   westward migration of eastern cod while eastern cod F has increased from
   reduced growth in the east. Greater pressures on western cod and
   decreased eastern cod growth and conditions greatly reduce the overall
   cod spawning stock biomass, thus changing the landing size composition
   and associated fishery profits. As a cumulative effect, fishing efforts
   are redirected towards western areas depending on management (quotas).
   However, total profits are less affected when traditional fishing
   opportunities and switching possibilities for other species and areas
   are maintained. Our evaluation indicates that current management
   mechanisms cannot correct for potential detrimental effects on cod
   fisheries when effort re-allocation changes landing origins. By
   investigating different economic starting conditions we further show
   that Baltic cod mis-management could have resulted in unintended unequal
   (skewed) impacts and serious consequences for certain fleets and fishing
   communities compared with others. Our management strategy evaluation is
   instrumental in capturing non-linear effects of different
   recommendations on sustainability and economic viability, and we show
   that fixed F-values management is likely not an attainable or sufficient
   goal in ensuring the sustainability and viability of fisheries and
   stocks given changing biological conditions.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bastardie, F (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Nat Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
   Bastardie, Francois; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Eero, Margit; Rindorf, Anna, Tech Univ Denmark, Nat Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
   Fuga, Federico, Studiofuga, Verona, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsw083}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{agent-based modelling; Baltic cod; bio-economic fisheries model;
   decision making; long-term management plans; MSY Approach; spatial
   effort allocation; stock production and mixing}},
Keywords-Plus = {{EASTERN BALTIC COD; MARINE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; POPULATION;
   CONSEQUENCES; UNCERTAINTY; RECRUITMENT; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{fba@aqua.dtu.dk}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}289257]; Danish Strategic Research Council}},
Funding-Text = {{The research leading to the presented results was funded by the European
   Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-13) under grant
   agreement MYFISH number 289257 (A.R., F.B.) and through the Danish
   Strategic Research Council financed project IMAGE (F.B., M.E., J.R.N.,
   F.F.). We would like to thank the three reviewers for their thorough
   review of an earlier version of this work.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EQ5GI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000398110100008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Within the new F-MSY European paradigm, this paper shows how a combination of changes in fish stock mixing, non-stationarity in productivity, and constraints on unit stock concepts undermine the effective management of fisheries, especially when management reference points are not adjusted accordingly. Recent changes in stock structures, conditions and stock mixing between eastern and western Baltic cod can jeopardize the reliability of stock assessments and of the fishery economy. We modelled how different management, individual vessel decision-making, and stock growth and mixing scenarios have induced alternative individual vessel spatial effort allocation and economic performance by affecting fishing costs and by changing the relative stock abundance and size distribution. Stock mixing heavily influences profit and stock abundance for stocks that have experienced increased fishing mortality (F) levels. Western cod F has increased from a higher total allowed catches (TAC) advised in the medium-term due to the westward migration of eastern cod while eastern cod F has increased from reduced growth in the east. Greater pressures on western cod and decreased eastern cod growth and conditions greatly reduce the overall cod spawning stock biomass, thus changing the landing size composition and associated fishery profits. As a cumulative effect, fishing efforts are redirected towards western areas depending on management (quotas). However, total profits are less affected when traditional fishing opportunities and switching possibilities for other species and areas are maintained. Our evaluation indicates that current management mechanisms cannot correct for potential detrimental effects on cod fisheries when effort re-allocation changes landing origins. By investigating different economic starting conditions we further show that Baltic cod mis-management could have resulted in unintended unequal (skewed) impacts and serious consequences for certain fleets and fishing communities compared with others. Our management strategy evaluation is instrumental in capturing non-linear effects of different recommendations on sustainability and economic viability, and we show that fixed F-values management is likely not an attainable or sufficient goal in ensuring the sustainability and viability of fisheries and stocks given changing biological conditions.

@article{ ISI:000398110100010,
Author = {Ulrich, Clara and Vermard, Youen and Dolder, Paul J. and Brunel, Thomas
   and Jardim, Ernesto and Holmes, Steven J. and Kempf, Alexander and
   Mortensen, Lars O. and Poos, Jan-Jaap and Rindorf, Anna},
Title = {{Achieving maximum sustainable yield in mixed fisheries: a management
   approach for the North Sea demersal fisheries}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{74}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{566-575}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Achieving single species maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in complex and
   dynamic fisheries targeting multiple species (mixed fisheries) is
   challenging because achieving the objective for one species may mean
   missing the objective for another. The North Sea mixed fisheries are a
   representative example of an issue that is generic across most demersal
   fisheries worldwide, with the diversity of species and fisheries
   inducing numerous biological and technical interactions. Building on a
   rich knowledge base for the understanding and quantification of these
   interactions, new approaches have emerged. Recent paths towards
   operationalizing MSY at the regional scale have suggested the expansion
   of the concept into a desirable area of ``pretty good yield{''},
   implemented through a range around FMSY that would allow for more
   flexibility in management targets. This article investigates the
   potential of FMSY ranges to combine long-term single-stock targets with
   flexible, short-term, mixed-fisheries management requirements applied to
   the main North Sea demersal stocks. It is shown that sustained fishing
   at the upper bound of the range may lead to unacceptable risks when
   technical interactions occur. An objective method is suggested that
   provides an optimal set of fishing mortality within the range,
   minimizing the risk of total allowable catch mismatches among stocks
   captured within mixed fisheries, and addressing explicitly the
   trade-offs between the most and least productive stocks.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ulrich, C (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund Castle,Jaegersborg 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara; Mortensen, Lars O.; Rindorf, Anna, Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund Castle,Jaegersborg 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Vermard, Youen, IFREMER, Ctr Atlant, Rue Ille Yeu BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Dolder, Paul J., CEFAS, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Brunel, Thomas, Wageningen IMARES, Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Jardim, Ernesto; Holmes, Steven J., European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
   Kempf, Alexander, Thunen Inst Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9,Altona, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsw126}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{choke species; Common Fisheries Policy; fleet modelling; FMSY ranges;
   landing obligation; management plan; pretty good yield}},
Keywords-Plus = {{TRAWL FISHERY; FRAMEWORK; DISCARDS; LESSONS; POLICY; MSY; COD; INFORM}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{clu@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}289257, 289192]; Horizon 2020 Programme {[}633680]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work is the result of scientific and policy developments channelled
   over multiple forums for the different authors. This includes various
   ICES and STECF working groups as well as research projects, including
   funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
   (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements MYFISH number 289257 and SOCIOEC
   number 289192, as well as Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement
   DiscardLess number 633680. This support is gratefully acknowledged.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EQ5GI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000398110100010}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Achieving single species maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in complex and dynamic fisheries targeting multiple species (mixed fisheries) is challenging because achieving the objective for one species may mean missing the objective for another. The North Sea mixed fisheries are a representative example of an issue that is generic across most demersal fisheries worldwide, with the diversity of species and fisheries inducing numerous biological and technical interactions. Building on a rich knowledge base for the understanding and quantification of these interactions, new approaches have emerged. Recent paths towards operationalizing MSY at the regional scale have suggested the expansion of the concept into a desirable area of ``pretty good yield'', implemented through a range around FMSY that would allow for more flexibility in management targets. This article investigates the potential of FMSY ranges to combine long-term single-stock targets with flexible, short-term, mixed-fisheries management requirements applied to the main North Sea demersal stocks. It is shown that sustained fishing at the upper bound of the range may lead to unacceptable risks when technical interactions occur. An objective method is suggested that provides an optimal set of fishing mortality within the range, minimizing the risk of total allowable catch mismatches among stocks captured within mixed fisheries, and addressing explicitly the trade-offs between the most and least productive stocks.

@article{ ISI:000393000500002,
Author = {Ulrich, Clara and Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob and Boje, Jesper and Christensen,
   Asbjorn and Hussy, Karin and Sun, Hailu and Clausen, Lotte Worsoe},
Title = {{Variability and connectivity of plaice populations from the Eastern
   North Sea to the Baltic Sea, part II. Biological evidence of population
   mixing}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{120}},
Pages = {{13-23}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{A multi-disciplinary study was conducted to clarify stock identity and
   connectivity patterns in the populations of European plaice
   (Pleuronectes platessa) in the Skagerrak-Kattegat transition area
   between the Eastern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Five independent
   biological studies Were carried out in parallel. Genetic markers
   suggested the existence of different genetic populations in the
   transition area. Growth backcalculation with otoliths resulted in
   significant although limited differences in growth rates between North
   Sea and Skagerrak, indicating weak differentiation or important mixing.
   Hydrogeographical drift modelling suggested that some North Sea
   juveniles could settle along the coast line of the Skagerrak and the
   Kattegat. Tagging data suggested that both juveniles and adult fish from
   the North Sea perform feeding migrations into Skagerrak in
   summer/autumn. Finally, survey data suggested that Skagerrak also
   belongs to the area distribution of North Sea plaice. The outcomes of
   the individual studies were then combined into an overall synthesis. The
   existence of some resident components was evidenced, but it was also
   demonstrated that North Sea plaice migrate for feeding into Skagerrak
   and might constitute a large share of the catches in this area. The
   mixing of different populations within a management area has
   implications for stock assessment and management. Choice must be made to
   either lump or split the populations, and the feasibility and
   constraints of both options are discussed. The outcomes of this work
   have directly influenced the management decisions in 2015. (C) 2016
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ulrich, C (Reprint Author), DTU Aqua, Jaegersborgs Alle 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara; Boje, Jesper; Christensen, Asbjorn; Hussy, Karin; Clausen, Lotte Worsoe, DTU Aqua, Jaegersborgs Alle 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob, DTU Aqua, Vejlsovej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
   Sun, Hailu, BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.seares.2016.11.002}},
ISSN = {{1385-1101}},
EISSN = {{1873-1414}},
Keywords = {{Plaice; Pleuronectes platessa; Skagerrak; Kattegat; North Sea; Stock
   identity; Connectivity; Lumping; Splitting; Genetics; Growth;
   Hydrodynamic model; Tagging}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; FISH; VALIDATION; BUOYANCY;
   GENETICS; GENOMICS; EGGS}},
Research-Areas = {{Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{clu@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ulrich, Clara/0000-0001-7598-2051}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Danish Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries {[}33010-12-a-0253];
   European Union via the European Fisheries Fund {[}33010-12-a-0253]}},
Funding-Text = {{The research leading to this publication has received funding from both
   the Danish Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and the European
   Union via the European Fisheries Fund contract no. 33010-12-a-0253. We
   thank Jose Martin Pujolar for assistance with genetic data analyses and
   Kerstin Geitner for GIS support, as well as the Danish Fishermen's
   Association for the valuable exchanges throughout the project.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Sea Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EJ1WH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000393000500002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A multi-disciplinary study was conducted to clarify stock identity and connectivity patterns in the populations of European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the Skagerrak-Kattegat transition area between the Eastern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Five independent biological studies Were carried out in parallel. Genetic markers suggested the existence of different genetic populations in the transition area. Growth backcalculation with otoliths resulted in significant although limited differences in growth rates between North Sea and Skagerrak, indicating weak differentiation or important mixing. Hydrogeographical drift modelling suggested that some North Sea juveniles could settle along the coast line of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. Tagging data suggested that both juveniles and adult fish from the North Sea perform feeding migrations into Skagerrak in summer/autumn. Finally, survey data suggested that Skagerrak also belongs to the area distribution of North Sea plaice. The outcomes of the individual studies were then combined into an overall synthesis. The existence of some resident components was evidenced, but it was also demonstrated that North Sea plaice migrate for feeding into Skagerrak and might constitute a large share of the catches in this area. The mixing of different populations within a management area has implications for stock assessment and management. Choice must be made to either lump or split the populations, and the feasibility and constraints of both options are discussed. The outcomes of this work have directly influenced the management decisions in 2015. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{Ruiz2017,
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2017.01.022},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.01.022},
  year  = {2017},
  month = {apr},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
  volume = {78},
  pages = {171--180},
  author = {Javier Ruiz and Margarita Mar{\'{\i}}a Rinc{\'{o}}n and David Castilla and Fernando Ramos and Juan Jos{\'{e}} Garc{\'{\i}}a del Hoyo},
  title = {Biological and economic vulnerabilities of fixed {TACs} in small pelagics: An analysis of the European anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) in the Gulf {ofC}{\'{a}}diz},
  journal = {Marine Policy}
}

@article{ ISI:000391226900037,
Author = {Tserpes, George and Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos and Maravelias, Christos and
   Carvalho, Natacha and Merino, Gorka},
Title = {{Viability and Management Targets of Mediterranean Demersal Fisheries:
   The Case of the Aegean Sea}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{12}},
Month = {{DEC 29}},
Abstract = {{Management of the Mediterranean demersal stocks has proven challenging
   mainly due to the multi-species character of the fisheries. In the
   present work, we focus on the multi-species demersal fisheries of the
   Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) aiming to study the effects of
   different management measures on the main commercial stocks, as well as
   to explore the economic viability of the fisheries depending upon these
   resources, by means of simulated projections. Utilizing the limited
   available data, our results demonstrated that, under the current
   exploitation pattern, the economic viability of the fleets is
   threatened, particularly if fuel prices increase. Additionally, the
   biological targets set for the most exploited species, such as hake,
   will not be met under the current management regime. The projections
   also showed that the only management scenario under which both resource
   sustainability and economic viability of the fisheries are ensured is
   the decrease of fleet capacity in terms of vessel numbers. In this case,
   however, measures to support the fisheries-dependent communities need to
   be implemented to prevent the collapse of local economies due to
   employment decrease. Scenarios assuming selectivity improvements would
   be also beneficial for the stocks but they showed low economic
   performance and their application would threaten the viability of the
   fleets, particularly that of the trawlers.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Nikolioudakis, N (Reprint Author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources \& Inland Waters, Iraklion, Greece.
   Nikolioudakis, N (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway.
   Nikolioudakis, N (Reprint Author), Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, Bergen, Norway.
   Tserpes, George; Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources \& Inland Waters, Iraklion, Greece.
   Maravelias, Christos, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources \& Inland Waters, Athens, Greece.
   Carvalho, Natacha, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Varese, Italy.
   Merino, Gorka, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
   Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos, Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway.
   Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos, Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0168694}},
Article-Number = {{e0168694}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SELECTIVITY; OBJECTIVES; CAPACITY; MESH}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{nikolaos.nikolioudakis@imr.no}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Nikolioudakis, Nikolaos/0000-0002-5029-5164}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) {[}289257];
   commercial company AZTI-Tecnalia}},
Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
   European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20072013) under
   grant agreement MYFISH (number 289257). GM is funded by the commercial
   company AZTI-Tecnalia. The funder provided support in the form of
   salaries for authors {[}GM], but did not have any additional role in the
   study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are
   articulated in the ``author contributions{''} section. The article does
   not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EG7KQ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000391226900037}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Management of the Mediterranean demersal stocks has proven challenging mainly due to the multi-species character of the fisheries. In the present work, we focus on the multi-species demersal fisheries of the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) aiming to study the effects of different management measures on the main commercial stocks, as well as to explore the economic viability of the fisheries depending upon these resources, by means of simulated projections. Utilizing the limited available data, our results demonstrated that, under the current exploitation pattern, the economic viability of the fleets is threatened, particularly if fuel prices increase. Additionally, the biological targets set for the most exploited species, such as hake, will not be met under the current management regime. The projections also showed that the only management scenario under which both resource sustainability and economic viability of the fisheries are ensured is the decrease of fleet capacity in terms of vessel numbers. In this case, however, measures to support the fisheries-dependent communities need to be implemented to prevent the collapse of local economies due to employment decrease. Scenarios assuming selectivity improvements would be also beneficial for the stocks but they showed low economic performance and their application would threaten the viability of the fleets, particularly that of the trawlers.

@article{ ISI:000390494100033,
Author = {Dichmont, Catherine M. and Deng, Roy A. and Punt, Andre E.},
Title = {{How many of Australia's stock assessments can be conducted using stock
   assessment packages?}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{74}},
Pages = {{279-287}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Most of the stock assessments conducted in the USA and in New Zealand
   are based on packages that have been developed for generic use, are well
   documented, and have been tested using simulation. However, this is not
   the case for assessments conducted in Australia and many other
   countries. This paper reviews all of the model based stock assessments
   for Australian fisheries to evaluate how many of these assessments could
   have been conducted using the publicly-available stock assessment
   packages used widely in the USA and New Zealand. The 76 model-based
   assessments reflect 37\% of the 2013 catch recorded in Australia's
   Status for Key Australian Fish Stocks Reports (or 34\% of the total
   catch in 2013). All but 18 (or 24 if full rather than approximate
   age-size structured models need to be used) of the stock assessments
   could have been conducted using stock assessment packages used in the
   United States and New Zealand. Adoption and use of packages for more
   stocks in Australia should increase the likelihood that results are
   based on correctly-coded models whose estimation performance is widely
   understood, reduce the time needed to conduct assessments, and speed up
   the peer-review process. The availability of training, manuals, and
   example data sets for stock assessment packages should partially address
   their additional complexity. Additional benefits, in terms of numbers of
   assessed stocks, could occur if Australian stock assessment scientists
   develop a forum to collaborate and share methods. These results are
   applicable to many other jurisdictions that undertake stock assessments.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dichmont, CM (Reprint Author), Cathy Dichmont Consulting, 47 Pioneer Rd, Redlands, Australia.
   Dichmont, Catherine M., CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Ecosci Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Pk, Qld 4102, Australia.
   Dichmont, Catherine M., Cathy Dichmont Consulting, 47 Pioneer Rd, Redlands, Australia.
   Deng, Roy A., CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Queensland Biosci Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   Punt, Andre E., CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2016.09.033}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
EISSN = {{1872-9460}},
Keywords = {{CASAL; Stock Synthesis; Stock assessment; Funding; Uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HARVEST STRATEGY; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; AGE; FISHERIES; POPULATION;
   FRAMEWORK; LOBSTER; LENGTH; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{cathydichmont@gmail.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fisheries Research and Develop Corporation (FRDC); CSIRO; Cathy Dichmont
   Consulting}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by Fisheries Research and Develop Corporation
   (FRDC), CSIRO and Cathy Dichmont Consulting. We would like to thank the
   many respondents to our surveys and their patience in answering our
   subsequent questions as well as Carolyn Stewardson from FRDC regarding
   SAFS advice. This paper benefited from the comments by two anonymous
   reviewers.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EF7EY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000390494100033}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Most of the stock assessments conducted in the USA and in New Zealand are based on packages that have been developed for generic use, are well documented, and have been tested using simulation. However, this is not the case for assessments conducted in Australia and many other countries. This paper reviews all of the model based stock assessments for Australian fisheries to evaluate how many of these assessments could have been conducted using the publicly-available stock assessment packages used widely in the USA and New Zealand. The 76 model-based assessments reflect 37% of the 2013 catch recorded in Australia's Status for Key Australian Fish Stocks Reports (or 34% of the total catch in 2013). All but 18 (or 24 if full rather than approximate age-size structured models need to be used) of the stock assessments could have been conducted using stock assessment packages used in the United States and New Zealand. Adoption and use of packages for more stocks in Australia should increase the likelihood that results are based on correctly-coded models whose estimation performance is widely understood, reduce the time needed to conduct assessments, and speed up the peer-review process. The availability of training, manuals, and example data sets for stock assessment packages should partially address their additional complexity. Additional benefits, in terms of numbers of assessed stocks, could occur if Australian stock assessment scientists develop a forum to collaborate and share methods. These results are applicable to many other jurisdictions that undertake stock assessments.

@article{ ISI:000382599600013,
Author = {Kell, Laurence T. and Kirnoto, Ai and Kitakado, Toshihide},
Title = {{Evaluation of the prediction skill of stock assessment using hindcasting}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{183}},
Pages = {{119-127}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{A major uncertainty in stock assessment is the difference between models
   and reality. The validation of model prediction is difficult, however,
   as fish stocks can rarely be observed and counted. We therefore show how
   hindcasting and model-free validation can be used to evaluate multiple
   measures of prediction skill. In a hindcast a model is fitted to the
   first part of a time series and then projected over the period omitted
   in the original fit. Prediction skill can then be evaluated by comparing
   the predictions from the projection with the observations. We show that
   uncertainty increased when different datasets and hypotheses were
   considered, especially as time-series of model-derived parameters were
   sensitive to model assumptions. Using hindcasting and model-free
   validation to evaluate prediction skill is an objective way to evaluate
   risk, i.e., to identify the uncertainties that matter. A hindcast is
   also a pragmatic alternative to hindsight, without the associated risks.
   While the use of multiple measures helps in evaluating prediction skill
   and to focus research onto the data and the processes that generated
   them. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kell, LT (Reprint Author), ICCAT Secretariat, C Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   Kell, Laurence T., ICCAT Secretariat, C Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   Kirnoto, Ai, Fisheries Res Agcy, Bluefin Tuna Resources Div, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan.
   Kitakado, Toshihide, Tokyo Univ Marine Sci \& Technol, Fac Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, 5-7 Konan 4, Tokyo 1088477, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.017}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{Abundance indices; Cross-validation; Projection; Retrospective analysis;
   Stock assessment; Taylor diagrams}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; POPULATION ANALYSIS; ASSESSMENT MODELS;
   MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; UNCERTAINTY; CATCH; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES;
   FRAMEWORK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{Laurie.Kell@iccat.int}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fisheries Research Agency, Japan}},
Funding-Text = {{This study does not necessarily reflect the views of ICCAT and in no way
   anticipates the Commission's future policy in this area. Ai Kimoto was
   supported by the overseas research program of the Fisheries Research
   Agency, Japan. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers and
   the editor, Andre Punt, who made many suggestions which greatly improved
   the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DV0HW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000382599600013}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A major uncertainty in stock assessment is the difference between models and reality. The validation of model prediction is difficult, however, as fish stocks can rarely be observed and counted. We therefore show how hindcasting and model-free validation can be used to evaluate multiple measures of prediction skill. In a hindcast a model is fitted to the first part of a time series and then projected over the period omitted in the original fit. Prediction skill can then be evaluated by comparing the predictions from the projection with the observations. We show that uncertainty increased when different datasets and hypotheses were considered, especially as time-series of model-derived parameters were sensitive to model assumptions. Using hindcasting and model-free validation to evaluate prediction skill is an objective way to evaluate risk, i.e., to identify the uncertainties that matter. A hindcast is also a pragmatic alternative to hindsight, without the associated risks. While the use of multiple measures helps in evaluating prediction skill and to focus research onto the data and the processes that generated them. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000378181900018,
Author = {Prellezo, Raul and Carmona, Itsaso and Garcia, Dorleta},
Title = {{The bad, the good and the very good of the landing obligation
   implementation in the Bay of Biscay: A case study of Basque trawlers}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{181}},
Pages = {{172-185}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Landing obligation (LO) has become a core element on the Common
   Fisheries Policy (CFP). In this work a bioeconomic simulation tool is
   used to anticipate the effects of LO in a particular fleet that by its
   nature is likely to be highly affected by its implementation. These
   effects are measured in terms of biologic, economic and fleet
   indicators.
   Results show how LO has a negative short term effect in the economic
   performance of the fleet (the bad). That the exemption and flexibilities
   foreseen in the CFP alleviate, in the short term, the effects of the
   choke species and the redistribution effects created (the good).
   Furthermore, results show that there are private incentives to improve
   the selectivity and to reduce the discard levels of the fleets. It is
   concluded how a breeding ground for a more sustainable and productive
   system is created (very good). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Prellezo, R (Reprint Author), AZTI, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.
   Prellezo, Raul; Carmona, Itsaso; Garcia, Dorleta, AZTI, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2016.04.016}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{Discards ban; Management strategy evaluation; Bay of Biscay; Trawl
   fishery}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{rprellezo@azti.es}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}633680]; Basque Government; Department of Economic
   Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their
   insightful comments and suggestions. This work has received funding from
   the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
   under Grant Agreement DiscardLess No 633680 and the Basque Government
   funded project SIMLO. IC has also benefited of a grant from the
   Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque
   Government. This publication reflects the views of the authors only and
   none of the funding parties can be held responsible for any use which
   may be made of the information contained therein. This is the
   contribution 763 from the Marine Research Division (AZTI).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DP0LS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000378181900018}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Landing obligation (LO) has become a core element on the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). In this work a bioeconomic simulation tool is used to anticipate the effects of LO in a particular fleet that by its nature is likely to be highly affected by its implementation. These effects are measured in terms of biologic, economic and fleet indicators. Results show how LO has a negative short term effect in the economic performance of the fleet (the bad). That the exemption and flexibilities foreseen in the CFP alleviate, in the short term, the effects of the choke species and the redistribution effects created (the good). Furthermore, results show that there are private incentives to improve the selectivity and to reduce the discard levels of the fleets. It is concluded how a breeding ground for a more sustainable and productive system is created (very good). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000379539900005,
Author = {Da-Rocha, Jose-Maria and Mato-Amboage, Rosa},
Title = {{On the Benefits of Including Age-Structure in Harvest Control Rules}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL \& RESOURCE ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{64}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{619-641}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{This paper explores the benefits of including age structure in the
   control rule (HCR) when decision makers regard their (age-structured)
   models as approximations. We find that introducing age structure into
   the HCR reduces both the volatility of the spawning biomass and the
   yield. Although the benefits are lower at a fairly imprecise level,
   there are still major advantages for the actual precision with which the
   case study is assessed. Moreover, we find that when age-structure is
   included in the HCR the relative ranking of different policies in terms
   of variance in biomass and yield does not differ. These results are
   shown both theoretically and numerically by applying the model to the
   Southern Hake fishery.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Da-Rocha, JM (Reprint Author), Univ Vigo, Dept Fundamentos Anal Econ, Campus Univ Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain.
   Da-Rocha, JM (Reprint Author), ITAM, Ctr Invest Econ, Ave Camino Santa Teresa 930, Mexico City 10700, DF, Mexico.
   Da-Rocha, Jose-Maria, Univ Vigo, Dept Fundamentos Anal Econ, Campus Univ Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain.
   Da-Rocha, Jose-Maria, ITAM, Ctr Invest Econ, Ave Camino Santa Teresa 930, Mexico City 10700, DF, Mexico.
   Mato-Amboage, Rosa, York Univ, Dept Environm, Heslington Rd, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10640-015-9891-3}},
ISSN = {{0924-6460}},
EISSN = {{1573-1502}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluation; Harvest control rules; Reference points;
   Stochastic age structured model}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; DYNAMICS}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies}},
Author-Email = {{jmrocha@uvigo.es
   rma523@york.ac.uk}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission (MYFISH) {[}FP7-KBBE-2011-5, 289257]; European
   Commission (BIOTRIANGLE); Spanish Ministry of Economy and
   Competitiveness {[}ECO2012-39098-C06-00]}},
Funding-Text = {{For helpful comments and suggestions we thank Cathy Dichmont, Pamela
   Mace, Andre Punt, Anna Rindorf and seminar and conference participants
   at Knowledge Based BioEconomy (KBBE) workshop on MICE models,
   multispecies models, and harvest strategies for lowinformation stocks at
   Victoria University (New Zealand), the 5th WCERE (World Congress of
   Environmental and Resource Economics) and the ICES Annual Science
   Conference 2014. All remaining errors are our own. Jose Maria Da Rocha
   gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the European
   Commission (MYFISH, FP7-KBBE-2011-5, n 289257 and BIOTRIANGLE) and the
   Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ECO2012-39098-C06-00).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Resour. Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DQ9OT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000379539900005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

This paper explores the benefits of including age structure in the control rule (HCR) when decision makers regard their (age-structured) models as approximations. We find that introducing age structure into the HCR reduces both the volatility of the spawning biomass and the yield. Although the benefits are lower at a fairly imprecise level, there are still major advantages for the actual precision with which the case study is assessed. Moreover, we find that when age-structure is included in the HCR the relative ranking of different policies in terms of variance in biomass and yield does not differ. These results are shown both theoretically and numerically by applying the model to the Southern Hake fishery.

@article{ ISI:000382495500002,
Author = {Punt, Andre E. and Butterworth, Doug S. and de Moor, Carryn L. and de
   Oliveira, Jose A. A. and Haddon, Malcolm},
Title = {{Management strategy evaluation: best practices}},
Journal = {{FISH AND FISHERIES}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{303-334}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Management strategy evaluation (MSE) involves using simulation to
   compare the relative effectiveness for achieving management objectives
   of different combinations of data collection schemes, methods of
   analysis and subsequent processes leading to management actions. MSE can
   be used to identify a `best' management strategy among a set of
   candidate strategies, or to determine how well an existing strategy
   performs. The ability of MSE to facilitate fisheries management
   achieving its aims depends on how well uncertainty is represented, and
   how effectively the results of simulations are summarized and presented
   to the decision-makers. Key challenges for effective use of MSE
   therefore include characterizing objectives and uncertainty, assigning
   plausibility ranks to the trials considered, and working with
   decision-makers to interpret and implement the results of the MSE. This
   paper explores how MSEs are conducted and characterizes current `best
   practice' guidelines, while also indicating whether and how these best
   practices were applied to two case-studies: the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort
   Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus; Balaenidae) and the northern
   subpopulation of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea; Clupeidae).}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Punt, AE (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E.; Haddon, Malcolm, CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Butterworth, Doug S.; de Moor, Carryn L., Univ Cape Town, Dept Math \& Appl Math, Marine Resource Assessment \& Management Grp MARAM, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   de Oliveira, Jose A. A., CEFAS Lowestoft Lab, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/faf.12104}},
ISSN = {{1467-2960}},
EISSN = {{1467-2979}},
Keywords = {{Fisheries management; management procedure; management strategy
   evaluation; simulation; stakeholders; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DATA-POOR FISHERIES; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AFRICAN PELAGIC
   FISHERY; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY; ICES ROUNDFISH
   STOCKS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; HARVEST STRATEGIES;
   ROCK LOBSTER}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{aepunt@uw.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
   NOAA {[}NA08OAR4320899, 2370]}},
Funding-Text = {{This paper benefited from comments by Tony Smith, Eva Plaganyi and Geoff
   Tuck (CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship), Kelli Johnson (UW), two
   anonymous reviewers and the editor. This publication is {[}partially]
   funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
   (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA08OAR4320899 Contribution
   No. 2370.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{166}},
Times-Cited = {{31}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{16}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish. Fish.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DU8WE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000382495500002}},
OA = {{No}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{Y}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) involves using simulation to compare the relative effectiveness for achieving management objectives of different combinations of data collection schemes, methods of analysis and subsequent processes leading to management actions. MSE can be used to identify a `best' management strategy among a set of candidate strategies, or to determine how well an existing strategy performs. The ability of MSE to facilitate fisheries management achieving its aims depends on how well uncertainty is represented, and how effectively the results of simulations are summarized and presented to the decision-makers. Key challenges for effective use of MSE therefore include characterizing objectives and uncertainty, assigning plausibility ranks to the trials considered, and working with decision-makers to interpret and implement the results of the MSE. This paper explores how MSEs are conducted and characterizes current `best practice' guidelines, while also indicating whether and how these best practices were applied to two case-studies: the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus; Balaenidae) and the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea; Clupeidae).

@article{ ISI:000376585700004,
Author = {Scott, Finlay and Jardim, Ernesto and Millar, Colin P. and Cervino,
   Santiago},
Title = {{An Applied Framework for Incorporating Multiple Sources of Uncertainty
   in Fisheries Stock Assessments}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{5}},
Month = {{MAY 10}},
Abstract = {{Estimating fish stock status is very challenging given the many sources
   and high levels of uncertainty surrounding the biological processes
   (e.g. natural variability in the demographic rates), model selection
   (e.g. choosing growth or stock assessment models) and parameter
   estimation. Incorporating multiple sources of uncertainty in a stock
   assessment allows advice to better account for the risks associated with
   proposed management options, promoting decisions that are more robust to
   such uncertainty. However, a typical assessment only reports the model
   fit and variance of estimated parameters, thereby underreporting the
   overall uncertainty. Additionally, although multiple candidate models
   may be considered, only one is selected as the `best' result,
   effectively rejecting the plausible assumptions behind the other models.
   We present an applied framework to integrate multiple sources of
   uncertainty in the stock assessment process. The first step is the
   generation and conditioning of a suite of stock assessment models that
   contain different assumptions about the stock and the fishery. The
   second step is the estimation of parameters, including fitting of the
   stock assessment models. The final step integrates across all of the
   results to reconcile the multi-model outcome. The framework is flexible
   enough to be tailored to particular stocks and fisheries and can draw on
   information from multiple sources to implement a broad variety of
   assumptions, making it applicable to stocks with varying levels of data
   availability The Iberian hake stock in International Council for the
   Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Divisions VIIIc and IXa is used to
   demonstrate the framework, starting from length-based stock and indices
   data. Process and model uncertainty are considered through the growth,
   natural mortality, fishing mortality, survey catchability and
   stock-recruitment relationship. Estimation uncertainty is included as
   part of the fitting process. Simple model averaging is used to integrate
   across the results and produce a single assessment that considers the
   multiple sources of uncertainty.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Scott, F (Reprint Author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Scott, Finlay; Jardim, Ernesto; Millar, Colin P., European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Millar, Colin P., Marine Scotland, Freshwater Lab, Faskally PH16 5LB, Pitlochry, Scotland.
   Cervino, Santiago, Ctr Oceanog Vigo, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Subida Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0154922}},
Article-Number = {{e0154922}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HAKE MERLUCCIUS-MERLUCCIUS; NATURAL MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS;
   MODEL SELECTION; GROWTH; FISH; SIZE; INFORMATION; PROJECTIONS;
   ESTIMATORS}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{finlay.scott@jrc.ec.europa.eu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{cervino, santiago/0000-0003-4146-0890}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DM8BN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000376585700004}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Estimating fish stock status is very challenging given the many sources and high levels of uncertainty surrounding the biological processes (e.g. natural variability in the demographic rates), model selection (e.g. choosing growth or stock assessment models) and parameter estimation. Incorporating multiple sources of uncertainty in a stock assessment allows advice to better account for the risks associated with proposed management options, promoting decisions that are more robust to such uncertainty. However, a typical assessment only reports the model fit and variance of estimated parameters, thereby underreporting the overall uncertainty. Additionally, although multiple candidate models may be considered, only one is selected as the `best' result, effectively rejecting the plausible assumptions behind the other models. We present an applied framework to integrate multiple sources of uncertainty in the stock assessment process. The first step is the generation and conditioning of a suite of stock assessment models that contain different assumptions about the stock and the fishery. The second step is the estimation of parameters, including fitting of the stock assessment models. The final step integrates across all of the results to reconcile the multi-model outcome. The framework is flexible enough to be tailored to particular stocks and fisheries and can draw on information from multiple sources to implement a broad variety of assumptions, making it applicable to stocks with varying levels of data availability The Iberian hake stock in International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Divisions VIIIc and IXa is used to demonstrate the framework, starting from length-based stock and indices data. Process and model uncertainty are considered through the growth, natural mortality, fishing mortality, survey catchability and stock-recruitment relationship. Estimation uncertainty is included as part of the fitting process. Simple model averaging is used to integrate across the results and produce a single assessment that considers the multiple sources of uncertainty.

@article{ ISI:000378640100002,
Author = {Payne, Mark R. and Barange, Manuel and Cheung, WilliamW. L. and
   MacKenzie, Brian R. and Batchelder, Harold P. and Cormon, Xochitl and
   Eddy, Tyler D. and Fernandes, Jose A. and Hollowed, Anne B. and Jones,
   Miranda C. and Link, Jason S. and Neubauer, Philipp and Ortiz, Ivonne
   and Queiros, Ana M. and Paula, Jose Ricardo},
Title = {{Uncertainties in projecting climate-change impacts in marine ecosystems}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{73}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1272-1282}},
Month = {{MAY-JUN}},
Note = {{3rd International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the
   World's Oceans, PICES, Santos, BRAZIL, MAR, 2015}},
Organization = {{ICES; IOC; IO USP}},
Abstract = {{Projections of the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems are a
   key prerequisite for the planning of adaptation strategies, yet they are
   inevitably associated with uncertainty. Identifying, quantifying, and
   communicating this uncertainty is key to both evaluating the risk
   associated with a projection and building confidence in its robustness.
   We review how uncertainties in such projections are handled in marine
   science. We employ an approach developed in climate modelling by
   breaking uncertainty down into (i) structural (model) uncertainty, (ii)
   initialization and internal variability uncertainty, (iii) parametric
   uncertainty, and (iv) scenario uncertainty. For each uncertainty type,
   we then examine the current state-of-the-art in assessing and
   quantifying its relative importance. We consider whether the marine
   scientific community has addressed these types of uncertainty
   sufficiently and highlight the opportunities and challenges associated
   with doing a better job. We find that even within a relatively small
   field such as marine science, there are substantial differences between
   subdisciplines in the degree of attention given to each type of
   uncertainty. We find that initialization uncertainty is rarely treated
   explicitly and reducing this type of uncertainty may deliver gains on
   the seasonal-to-decadal time-scale. Weconclude that all parts of marine
   science could benefit from a greater exchange of ideas, particularly
   concerning such a universal problem such as the treatment of
   uncertainty. Finally, marine science should strive to reach the point
   where scenario uncertainty is the dominant uncertainty in our
   projections.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Payne, MR (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Ctr Ocean Life, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Payne, Mark R.; MacKenzie, Brian R., Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Ctr Ocean Life, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Barange, Manuel; Fernandes, Jose A.; Queiros, Ana M., Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
   Cheung, WilliamW. L.; Jones, Miranda C., Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans \& Fisheries, AERL, Changing Ocean Res Unit, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
   Batchelder, Harold P., North Pacific Marine Sci Org PICES, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
   Cormon, Xochitl, IFREMER, Channel \& North Sea Fisheries Res Unit, 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne, France.
   Eddy, Tyler D., Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
   Hollowed, Anne B., NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Jones, Miranda C., Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
   Link, Jason S., NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   Neubauer, Philipp, Dragonfly Data Sci, POB 27535, Wellington 6141, New Zealand.
   Ortiz, Ivonne, Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere \& Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Paula, Jose Ricardo, Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Lab Maritimo Guia, MARE Marine \& Environm Sci Ctr, Ave Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, P-2750374 Cascais, Portugal.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsv231}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{climate change; initialization uncertainty; parametric uncertainty;
   projections; scenario uncertainty; structural uncertainty; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COUPLED BIOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL MODELS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SKILL
   ASSESSMENT; NORTH-SEA; MULTIMODEL APPROACH; STOCK ASSESSMENT;
   TRADE-OFFS; FOOD-WEB; FISHERIES; STRATEGY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{mpay@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Payne, Mark/C-6844-2008
   Fernandes, Jose A./B-8985-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Payne, Mark/0000-0001-5795-2481
   Fernandes, Jose A./0000-0003-4677-6077
   Queiros, Ana/0000-0002-7067-3177
   Paula, Jose Ricardo/0000-0002-1729-7256}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{89}},
Times-Cited = {{10}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DP6WL}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000378640100002}},
OA = {{No}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Projections of the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems are a key prerequisite for the planning of adaptation strategies, yet they are inevitably associated with uncertainty. Identifying, quantifying, and communicating this uncertainty is key to both evaluating the risk associated with a projection and building confidence in its robustness. We review how uncertainties in such projections are handled in marine science. We employ an approach developed in climate modelling by breaking uncertainty down into (i) structural (model) uncertainty, (ii) initialization and internal variability uncertainty, (iii) parametric uncertainty, and (iv) scenario uncertainty. For each uncertainty type, we then examine the current state-of-the-art in assessing and quantifying its relative importance. We consider whether the marine scientific community has addressed these types of uncertainty sufficiently and highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with doing a better job. We find that even within a relatively small field such as marine science, there are substantial differences between subdisciplines in the degree of attention given to each type of uncertainty. We find that initialization uncertainty is rarely treated explicitly and reducing this type of uncertainty may deliver gains on the seasonal-to-decadal time-scale. Weconclude that all parts of marine science could benefit from a greater exchange of ideas, particularly concerning such a universal problem such as the treatment of uncertainty. Finally, marine science should strive to reach the point where scenario uncertainty is the dominant uncertainty in our projections.

@article{ ISI:000386763900009,
Author = {Lehuta, Sigrid and Girardin, Raphael and Mahevas, Stephanie and
   Travers-Trolet, Morgane and Vermard, Youen},
Title = {{Reconciling complex system models and fisheries advice: Practical
   examples and leads}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{29}},
Number = {{2}},
Month = {{APR-JUN}},
Abstract = {{The move toward an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) requires
   new operational tools in order to support management decisions. Among
   them, ecosystem-and fisheries-based models are critical to
   quantitatively predict the consequences of future scenarios by
   integrating available knowledge about the ecosystem across different
   scales. Despite increasing development of these complex system models in
   the last decades, their operational use is still currently limited in
   Europe. Many guidelines are already available to help the development of
   complex system models for advice yet they are often ignored. We
   identified three main impediments to the use of complex system models
   for decision support: (1) their very complexity which is a source of
   uncertainty; (2) their lack of credibility, (3) and the challenge of
   communicating/transferring complex results to decision makers not
   accustomed to deal with multivariate uncertain results. In this paper,
   we illustrate these somehow theoretical ``best practices{''} with
   tangible successful examples, which can help the transfer of complex
   system models from academic science to operational advice. We first
   focus on handling uncertainty by optimizing model complexity with
   regards to management objectives and technical issues. We then list up
   methods, such as transparent documentation and performance evaluation,
   to increase confidence in complex system models. Finally, we review how
   and where complex system models could fit within existing institutional
   and legal settings of the current European fisheries decision framework.
   We highlight where changes are required to allow for the operational use
   of complex system models. All methods and approaches proposed are
   illustrated with successful examples from fisheries science or other
   disciplines. This paper demonstrates that all relevant ingredients are
   readily available to make complex system models operational for advice.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lehuta, S (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Ecol \& Modeles Halieut, Rue Lile Yeu,BP 2011, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Lehuta, Sigrid; Mahevas, Stephanie; Vermard, Youen, IFREMER, Ecol \& Modeles Halieut, Rue Lile Yeu,BP 2011, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Girardin, Raphael; Travers-Trolet, Morgane, IFREMER, Halieut Manche Mer Nord, 150 Quai Gambetta, F-62200 Boulogne Sur Mer, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2016022}},
Article-Number = {{208}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
EISSN = {{1765-2952}},
Keywords = {{Ecosystem-based fisheries management; complex models; decision support;
   methodological solutions; participatory modeling; model sensitivity
   analysis; examples}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; TO-END MODELS;
   INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENTS; PATTERN-ORIENTED VALIDATION;
   MULTI-FLEET FISHERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULATION-MODELS; SKILL
   ASSESSMENT; MIXED-FISHERIES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{slehuta@ifremer.fr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815
   Lehuta, Sigrid/0000-0002-0807-4675}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{211}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EA6UG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000386763900009}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The move toward an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) requires new operational tools in order to support management decisions. Among them, ecosystem-and fisheries-based models are critical to quantitatively predict the consequences of future scenarios by integrating available knowledge about the ecosystem across different scales. Despite increasing development of these complex system models in the last decades, their operational use is still currently limited in Europe. Many guidelines are already available to help the development of complex system models for advice yet they are often ignored. We identified three main impediments to the use of complex system models for decision support: (1) their very complexity which is a source of uncertainty; (2) their lack of credibility, (3) and the challenge of communicating/transferring complex results to decision makers not accustomed to deal with multivariate uncertain results. In this paper, we illustrate these somehow theoretical ``best practices'' with tangible successful examples, which can help the transfer of complex system models from academic science to operational advice. We first focus on handling uncertainty by optimizing model complexity with regards to management objectives and technical issues. We then list up methods, such as transparent documentation and performance evaluation, to increase confidence in complex system models. Finally, we review how and where complex system models could fit within existing institutional and legal settings of the current European fisheries decision framework. We highlight where changes are required to allow for the operational use of complex system models. All methods and approaches proposed are illustrated with successful examples from fisheries science or other disciplines. This paper demonstrates that all relevant ingredients are readily available to make complex system models operational for advice.

@article{ ISI:000373233600005,
Author = {Maria Rincon, Margarita and Mumford, John D. and Levontin, Polina and
   Leach, Adrian W. and Ruiz, Javier},
Title = {{The economic value of environmental data: a notional insurance scheme
   for the European anchovy}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{73}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1033-1041}},
Month = {{MAR-APR}},
Abstract = {{Anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cadiz are governed by
   environmental processes. Sea surface temperature, intense easterly
   winds, and discharges from the Guadalquivir River have been identified
   as key factors determining early life stage mortality in this anchovy
   stock. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that
   simulates the abundance of juveniles under alternative parameters
   representing plausible biological hypotheses. We are able to evaluate
   how modelling environment-based recruitment can affect stock assessment
   and how responding to environmental information can benefit fishery
   management to allow greater average catch levels through the application
   of harvest control rules (HCRs) based on environmental conditions. While
   the environment-based rules generally increase allowable catch levels
   the variance in catch levels also increases, detracting from the
   improved value based only on average yield. In addition to changes in
   revenue, the probability of stock collapse is also reduced by using
   environmental factors in HCRs. To assess the value of these management
   systems we simulate a notional insurance scheme, which applies a value
   to both average yields and uncertainty. The value of the
   information-driven rules can be determined by comparing the relevant
   premiums payable for equal levels of insurance cover on revenue within
   each specific management regime. We demonstrate the net value of
   incorporating environmental factors in the management of anchovies in
   the Gulf of Cadiz despite the increased variability in revenue. This
   could be an effective method to describe outcomes for both commercial
   fisheries and ecosystem management policies, and as a guide to
   management of other species whose dynamics are predictable based on
   in-season observations.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rincon, MM (Reprint Author), Invest Cient ICMAN CSIC, Dept Coastal Ecol \& Management, Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Consejo Super, Cadiz 11510, Spain.
   Maria Rincon, Margarita; Ruiz, Javier, Invest Cient ICMAN CSIC, Dept Coastal Ecol \& Management, Inst Ciencias Marinas Andalucia, Consejo Super, Cadiz 11510, Spain.
   Mumford, John D.; Levontin, Polina; Leach, Adrian W., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Ctr Environm Policy, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsv268}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{Gulf of Cadiz and European anchovy; harvest control rule; insurance;
   risk}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS L.; CADIZ SW SPAIN; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES;
   FISHERIES; ATLANTIS; BAY; BISCAY; STOCKS; MODEL; GULF}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{margarita.rincon@icman.csic.es}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union Seventh Framework Programme {[}244706, 613571]; Junta de
   Andalucia {[}P09-RNM-5358]}},
Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
   European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant
   agreement 244706/ECOKNOWS project. However, the paper does not
   necessarily reflect EC views and in no way anticipates the Commission's
   future policy in the area. M.M.R. was funded by P09-RNM-5358 of the
   Junta de Andalucia and the European Union Seventh Framework
   Programme(FP7-KBBE-2013) under grant agreement 613571/MAREFRAME project.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DI1CM}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000373233600005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cadiz are governed by environmental processes. Sea surface temperature, intense easterly winds, and discharges from the Guadalquivir River have been identified as key factors determining early life stage mortality in this anchovy stock. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that simulates the abundance of juveniles under alternative parameters representing plausible biological hypotheses. We are able to evaluate how modelling environment-based recruitment can affect stock assessment and how responding to environmental information can benefit fishery management to allow greater average catch levels through the application of harvest control rules (HCRs) based on environmental conditions. While the environment-based rules generally increase allowable catch levels the variance in catch levels also increases, detracting from the improved value based only on average yield. In addition to changes in revenue, the probability of stock collapse is also reduced by using environmental factors in HCRs. To assess the value of these management systems we simulate a notional insurance scheme, which applies a value to both average yields and uncertainty. The value of the information-driven rules can be determined by comparing the relevant premiums payable for equal levels of insurance cover on revenue within each specific management regime. We demonstrate the net value of incorporating environmental factors in the management of anchovies in the Gulf of Cadiz despite the increased variability in revenue. This could be an effective method to describe outcomes for both commercial fisheries and ecosystem management policies, and as a guide to management of other species whose dynamics are predictable based on in-season observations.

@article{ ISI:000371240900010,
Author = {Froese, Rainer and Coro, Gianpaolo and Kleisner, Kristin and Demirel,
   Nazli},
Title = {{Revisiting safe biological limits in fisheries}},
Journal = {{FISH AND FISHERIES}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{193-209}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{The appropriateness of three official fisheries management reference
   points used in the north-east Atlantic was investigated: (i) the
   smallest stock size that is still within safe biological limits (SSBpa),
   (ii) the maximum sustainable rate of exploitation (F-msy) and (iii) the
   age at first capture. As for (i), in 45\% of the examined stocks, the
   official value for SSBpa was below the consensus estimates determined
   from three different methods. With respect to (ii), the official
   estimates of F-msy exceeded natural mortality M in 76\% of the stocks,
   although M is widely regarded as natural upper limit for F-msy. And
   regarding (iii), the age at first capture was below the age at maturity
   in 74\% of the stocks. No official estimates of the stock size (SSBmsy)
   that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) are available for
   the north-east Atlantic. An analysis of stocks from other areas
   confirmed that twice SSBpa provides a reasonable preliminary estimate.
   Comparing stock sizes in 2013 against this proxy showed that 88\% were
   below the level that can produce MSY. Also, 52\% of the stocks were
   outside of safe biological limits, and 12\% were severely depleted.
   Fishing mortality in 2013 exceeded natural mortality in 73\% of the
   stocks, including those that were severely depleted. These results point
   to the urgent need to re-assess fisheries reference points in the
   north-east Atlantic and to implement the regulations of the new European
   Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable fishing pressure, healthy
   stock sizes and adult age/size at first capture.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Froese, R (Reprint Author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Froese, Rainer, GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Coro, Gianpaolo, CNR, Ist Sci \& Tecnol Informaz A Faedo, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
   Kleisner, Kristin, Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Us Project, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6J 1Z4, Canada.
   Demirel, Nazli, Istanbul Univ, Inst Marine Sci \& Management, Muskule Sok 17, TR-34134 Istanbul, Turkey.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/faf.12102}},
ISSN = {{1467-2960}},
EISSN = {{1467-2979}},
Keywords = {{Bayesian hockey stick; fisheries reference points; maximum sustainable
   yield; natural mortality; north-east Atlantic; safe biological limits}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT; EUROPE; FISH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{rfroese@geomar.de}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Froese, Rainer/C-9687-2009
   Demirel, Nazli/H-5679-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Froese, Rainer/0000-0001-9745-636X
   Demirel, Nazli/0000-0003-4542-9276}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{iMarine project (FP7 European Commission, INFRASTRUCTURES) {[}283644];
   European Union's Seventh Framework Programme {[}244706/ECOKNOWS];
   Lenfest Ocean Program at The Pew Charitable Trusts {[}00002841];
   Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Sea
   Around Us; University of British Columbia and the Pew Charitable Trusts}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank James Thorson and Samu Mantyniemi for useful comments on the
   implementation of the Bayesian hockey stick. Gianpaolo Coro acknowledges
   support by the iMarine project (FP7 of the European Commission,
   INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-2, Contract No. 283644). Rainer Froese acknowledges
   support by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
   (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 244706/ECOKNOWS project and by the
   Lenfest Ocean Program at The Pew Charitable Trusts under contract ID
   00002841. Nazli Demirel acknowledges support from The Scientific and
   Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). Kristin Kleisner
   acknowledges support from the Sea Around Us, a scientific collaboration
   between the University of British Columbia and the Pew Charitable
   Trusts. This is FIN Contribution Number 163.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish. Fish.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DF3JU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371240900010}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The appropriateness of three official fisheries management reference points used in the north-east Atlantic was investigated: (i) the smallest stock size that is still within safe biological limits (SSBpa), (ii) the maximum sustainable rate of exploitation (F-msy) and (iii) the age at first capture. As for (i), in 45% of the examined stocks, the official value for SSBpa was below the consensus estimates determined from three different methods. With respect to (ii), the official estimates of F-msy exceeded natural mortality M in 76% of the stocks, although M is widely regarded as natural upper limit for F-msy. And regarding (iii), the age at first capture was below the age at maturity in 74% of the stocks. No official estimates of the stock size (SSBmsy) that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) are available for the north-east Atlantic. An analysis of stocks from other areas confirmed that twice SSBpa provides a reasonable preliminary estimate. Comparing stock sizes in 2013 against this proxy showed that 88% were below the level that can produce MSY. Also, 52% of the stocks were outside of safe biological limits, and 12% were severely depleted. Fishing mortality in 2013 exceeded natural mortality in 73% of the stocks, including those that were severely depleted. These results point to the urgent need to re-assess fisheries reference points in the north-east Atlantic and to implement the regulations of the new European Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable fishing pressure, healthy stock sizes and adult age/size at first capture.

@article{ ISI:000381683600011,
Author = {Fisher, Emily A. and Hesp, S. Alex and Hall, Norman G.},
Title = {{Exploring the Effectiveness of a Fisheries Simulation Model for
   Communicating Stock Assessment Information}},
Journal = {{NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{36}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{813-827}},
Abstract = {{The effectiveness of graphical user interfaces for conveying stock
   assessment information within a fisheries simulation model was explored.
   Assessments of stock status for different species and exploitation
   states were presented to workshop participants via alternative user
   interfaces of the same model. Participants then decided how to manage
   these fisheries using various management controls, including size and
   bag limits and temporal and spatial closures. The management decisions
   made by participants for a range of different scenarios were subjected
   to multivariate analyses. When the initial level of exploitation of a
   stock was high, participants typically made stronger and more varied
   management decisions using a wider range of controls than when
   exploitation was less. Although these decisions led to substantial
   reductions in fishing mortality, stock status outcomes were more varied
   and less optimal than those observed for scenarios of low and moderate
   levels of initial exploitation. The trends in decisions made by workshop
   participants probably reflect those that often occur for real-life
   fisheries, in that as fishing pressure increases, management often
   becomes more complex and thus its overall effectiveness may become less
   predictable. Unexpectedly, there were no detectable differences between
   the decisions made by users of alternative interfaces, which varied in
   the amount and complexity of stock assessment outputs provided,
   indicating that the simpler interfaces were as effective as more complex
   interfaces in communicating stock status information. This study
   demonstrates the value of scenariotesting experiments for understanding
   decision making in fisheries management and for assessing whether stock
   assessment information is conveyed to fishery stakeholders in ways that
   can be readily understood.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS INC}},
Address = {{530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Fisher, EA (Reprint Author), Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish \& Fisheries Res, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
   Fisher, Emily A., Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish \& Fisheries Res, South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
   Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries \& Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/02755947.2016.1165770}},
ISSN = {{0275-5947}},
EISSN = {{1548-8675}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; WEST AUSTRALIAN DHUFISH;
   GLAUCOSOMA-HEBRAICUM; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; RHABDOSARGUS-SARBA; DESIGN;
   PERFORMANCE; COMPLEXITY; SYSTEMS; POLICY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{emily.fisher@fish.wa.gov.au}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation; Murdoch
   University}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was funded by the Australian Fisheries Research and
   Development Corporation and Murdoch University. We are very thankful to
   James Scandol for providing valuable comments on this project in a
   review of the funding application. We also thank Bob Clarke, Fiona
   Valesini, Ainslie Denham, and Simon de Lestang for statistical advice.
   Thank you to participants of earlier workshops for providing feedback on
   previous versions of the MSE program and, in particular, to the students
   who contributed the data that ultimately helped inform this study. Many
   thanks also to Erich von Dietze (Murdoch University, Human Ethics
   Committee) for his assistance with successfully obtaining ethics
   approval for this research. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers
   and the associate editor for their invaluable advice for improving this
   paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{North Am. J. Fish Manage.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DT7RG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000381683600011}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The effectiveness of graphical user interfaces for conveying stock assessment information within a fisheries simulation model was explored. Assessments of stock status for different species and exploitation states were presented to workshop participants via alternative user interfaces of the same model. Participants then decided how to manage these fisheries using various management controls, including size and bag limits and temporal and spatial closures. The management decisions made by participants for a range of different scenarios were subjected to multivariate analyses. When the initial level of exploitation of a stock was high, participants typically made stronger and more varied management decisions using a wider range of controls than when exploitation was less. Although these decisions led to substantial reductions in fishing mortality, stock status outcomes were more varied and less optimal than those observed for scenarios of low and moderate levels of initial exploitation. The trends in decisions made by workshop participants probably reflect those that often occur for real-life fisheries, in that as fishing pressure increases, management often becomes more complex and thus its overall effectiveness may become less predictable. Unexpectedly, there were no detectable differences between the decisions made by users of alternative interfaces, which varied in the amount and complexity of stock assessment outputs provided, indicating that the simpler interfaces were as effective as more complex interfaces in communicating stock status information. This study demonstrates the value of scenariotesting experiments for understanding decision making in fisheries management and for assessing whether stock assessment information is conveyed to fishery stakeholders in ways that can be readily understood.

@article{ ISI:000374469200001,
Author = {Vilibic, I. and Kec, V. Cikes and Zorica, B. and Sepic, J. and
   Matijevic, S. and Dzoic, T.},
Title = {{Hydrographic conditions driving sardine and anchovy populations in a
   land-locked sea}},
Journal = {{MEDITERRANEAN MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{1-12}},
Abstract = {{The aim of this paper is to establish a relationship between long-term
   variability in sardine and anchovy populations in the Adriatic Sea and
   ocean dynamics and processes that occur over interannual and decadal
   timescales in the Adriatic-Ionian basin. This analysis is based on
   annual time series of sardine and anchovy landings and recruits at age 0
   and annual time series of environmental parameters observed at a
   representative Adriatic station between 1975 and 2010. Pearson
   correlations and robust dynamic factor analysis (DFA) were applied to
   quantify the connections between isheries and environmental parameters.
   Variations and trends in ishery series were best explained by changes in
   near-bottom temperature and salinity, which are an appropriate proxy for
   tracking changes in water mass dynamics and hydrographic conditions in
   the basin. A prolonged period of decreasing sardine population was
   characterized by low oxygen availability and environmental conditions in
   the deep Adriatic waters and was triggered by an extraordinary
   basin-wide event called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. A collapse
   in anchovy population was observed after an exceptional cooling event
   followed by dense water formation.}},
Publisher = {{NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH}},
Address = {{AGHIOS KOSMAS, HELLINIKON, GR-16-604, GREECE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vilibic, I (Reprint Author), Inst Oceanog \& Fisheries, Split, Croatia.
   Vilibic, I.; Kec, V. Cikes; Zorica, B.; Sepic, J.; Matijevic, S.; Dzoic, T., Inst Oceanog \& Fisheries, Split, Croatia.}},
ISSN = {{1108-393X}},
Keywords = {{long-term environmental data; anchovy and sardine populations; ocean
   dynamics; interannual and decadal variability; synchrony}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; DENSE WATER FORMATION; STATE-SPACE MODELS;
   SMALL PELAGIC FISH; ADRIATIC SEA; ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; MEDITERRANEAN
   SEA; TIME-SERIES; EUROPEAN ANCHOVY; CLIMATE-CHANGE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Geology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine \& Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{vilibic@izor.hr}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; EU}},
Funding-Text = {{We are indebted to all oceanographers and crew-members that were engaged
   in data collection and laboratory analysis. All the assessments and
   biological and statistical data collection of sardine and anchovy
   parameters were conducted in the framework of FAO AdriaMed project. The
   Multivariate Autoregressive State-Space Modelling package for R, version
   3.9, was developed by Elizabeth Holmes, Eric Ward and Kellie Wills. The
   comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript.
   Support for the study was received from the Ministry of Science,
   Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia and through the EU FP7
   funded project PERSEUS (Policy-Oriented Marine Environmental Research in
   the Southern European Seas).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mediterr. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DJ8NO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000374469200001}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The aim of this paper is to establish a relationship between long-term variability in sardine and anchovy populations in the Adriatic Sea and ocean dynamics and processes that occur over interannual and decadal timescales in the Adriatic-Ionian basin. This analysis is based on annual time series of sardine and anchovy landings and recruits at age 0 and annual time series of environmental parameters observed at a representative Adriatic station between 1975 and 2010. Pearson correlations and robust dynamic factor analysis (DFA) were applied to quantify the connections between isheries and environmental parameters. Variations and trends in ishery series were best explained by changes in near-bottom temperature and salinity, which are an appropriate proxy for tracking changes in water mass dynamics and hydrographic conditions in the basin. A prolonged period of decreasing sardine population was characterized by low oxygen availability and environmental conditions in the deep Adriatic waters and was triggered by an extraordinary basin-wide event called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. A collapse in anchovy population was observed after an exceptional cooling event followed by dense water formation.

@article{GonzalezCostas2016,
  doi = {10.2960/j.v48.m705},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2960/j.v48.m705},
  year  = {2016},
  month = {feb},
  publisher = {Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization ({NAFO})},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {1--20},
  author = {F Gonzalez-Costas and D Gonzalez-Troncoso and M J Morgan and H Murua and D Garcia},
  title = {The impact of different assumptions about reproductive potential and recruitment on a Management Strategy Evaluation for the Greenland halibut stock in {NAFO} Subarea 2 and Division 3KLMNO},
  journal = {Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science}
}

@article{ ISI:000364436700037,
Author = {Dutra, Leo X. C. and Thebaud, Olivier and Boschetti, Fabio and Smith,
   Anthony D. M. and Dichmont, Catherine M.},
Title = {{Key issues and drivers affecting coastal and marine resource decisions:
   Participatory management strategy evaluation to support adaptive
   management}},
Journal = {{OCEAN \& COASTAL MANAGEMENT}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{116}},
Pages = {{382-395}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dutra, LXC (Reprint Author), CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Queensland Biosci Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   Dutra, Leo X. C.; Dichmont, Catherine M., CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Queensland Biosci Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   Dutra, Leo X. C., Univ S Pacific, Fac Sci Technol \& Environm, Sch Marine Studies, Suva, Fiji.
   Thebaud, Olivier, IFREMER, UMR M101, AMURE, Unite Econ Maritime, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
   Boschetti, Fabio, CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
   Boschetti, Fabio, Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth \& Geog Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia.
   Smith, Anthony D. M., CSIRO Oceans \& Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.011}},
ISSN = {{0964-5691}},
EISSN = {{1873-524X}},
Keywords = {{Adaptive management; Cognition; Decision-making; Management strategy
   evaluation; Multiple-use management}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY;
   WATER-QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; AUSTRALIA; GOVERNANCE;
   CONSERVATION; COMMUNITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Author-Email = {{leo.dutra@csiro.au}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Thebaud, Olivier/0000-0001-8665-3827}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere}},
Funding-Text = {{This project was funded by CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere as part of the
   project ``Social complexity, incentives, adaptive learning and responses
   to policy changes{''}. We would like to thank Dr Ingrid van Putten and
   Dr Eva Plaganyi-Lloyd (CSIRO) for reviewing an earlier version of the
   manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{196}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ocean Coastal Manage.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CV7FB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000364436700037}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

@article{ ISI:000361257300003,
Author = {Jardim, Ernesto and Azevedo, Manuela and Brites, Nuno M.},
Title = {{Harvest control rules for data limited stocks using length-based
   reference points and survey biomass indices}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{171}},
Number = {{SI}},
Pages = {{12-19}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{There are a large number of commercially exploited stocks lacking
   quantitative assessments and reliable estimates of stock status.
   Providing MSY-based advice for these data-limited stocks remains a
   challenge for fisheries science. For many data-limited stocks, catch
   length composition and/or survey biomass indices or catch-per-unit
   effort (cpue) are available. Information on life history traits may also
   be available or borrowed from similar species/stocks. In this work we
   present three harvest control rules (HCRs), driven by indicators derived
   from key monitoring data. These were tested through simulation using two
   exploitation scenarios (development and over-exploitation) applied to 50
   stocks (pelagic, demersal, deep sea species and Nephrops). We examine
   the performance of the HCRs to deliver catch-based advice that is risk
   adverse and drives stocks to MSY. The HCR with a biomass index-adjusted
   status quo catch, used to provide catch-based advice for several
   European data-limited stocks, showed the poorest performance, keeping
   the biomass at low or very low levels. The HCRs that adjust the status
   quo catch based on the variability of the biomass index time series was
   able to drive most of the stocks to MSY, showing low to moderate
   biological risk. The recovery of biomass required asymmetric confidence
   intervals for the biomass index and larger decreases in status quo catch
   than increases. The HCR based on length reference points as proxies for
   the F-SQ/F-msy ratio was able to reverse the decreasing trend in biomass
   but with levels of catch below MSY. This HCR did not prevent some of the
   stocks declining when subject to over-exploitation. For data-limited
   stocks, the empirical HCRs tested in this work can provide the basis for
   catch advice. Nevertheless, applications to real life cases require
   simulation testing to be carried out to tune the HCRs. Our approach to
   simulation testing can be used for such analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V.
   All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jardim, E (Reprint Author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, TP 051, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Jardim, Ernesto; Azevedo, Manuela; Brites, Nuno M., IPMA, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Jardim, Ernesto, Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Brites, Nuno M., Univ Evora, Inst Invest \& Formacao Avancada, Ctr Invest Matemat \& Aplicacoes, Dept Matemat, P-7000671 Evora, Portugal.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.013}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{Data limited stocks; Risk; Survey indices; Length frequencies; Harvest
   control rules; Life History}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; PERFORMANCE; FISH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{ernesto.jardim@jrc.ec.europa.eu
   mazevedo@ipma.pt
   brites@uevora.pt}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Brites, Nuno/0000-0002-5719-6310}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU; GesPe Project (Pianos de Gestao Pesqueira, PROMAR)
   {[}31-03-01-FEP-0017]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank the thorough reviews of two anonymous
   reviewers. Part of this work was carried out within GesPe Project
   (Pianos de Gestao Pesqueira, PROMAR 31-03-01-FEP-0017, EU co-financed).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CR3TZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000361257300003}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

There are a large number of commercially exploited stocks lacking quantitative assessments and reliable estimates of stock status. Providing MSY-based advice for these data-limited stocks remains a challenge for fisheries science. For many data-limited stocks, catch length composition and/or survey biomass indices or catch-per-unit effort (cpue) are available. Information on life history traits may also be available or borrowed from similar species/stocks. In this work we present three harvest control rules (HCRs), driven by indicators derived from key monitoring data. These were tested through simulation using two exploitation scenarios (development and over-exploitation) applied to 50 stocks (pelagic, demersal, deep sea species and Nephrops). We examine the performance of the HCRs to deliver catch-based advice that is risk adverse and drives stocks to MSY. The HCR with a biomass index-adjusted status quo catch, used to provide catch-based advice for several European data-limited stocks, showed the poorest performance, keeping the biomass at low or very low levels. The HCRs that adjust the status quo catch based on the variability of the biomass index time series was able to drive most of the stocks to MSY, showing low to moderate biological risk. The recovery of biomass required asymmetric confidence intervals for the biomass index and larger decreases in status quo catch than increases. The HCR based on length reference points as proxies for the F-SQ/F-msy ratio was able to reverse the decreasing trend in biomass but with levels of catch below MSY. This HCR did not prevent some of the stocks declining when subject to over-exploitation. For data-limited stocks, the empirical HCRs tested in this work can provide the basis for catch advice. Nevertheless, applications to real life cases require simulation testing to be carried out to tune the HCRs. Our approach to simulation testing can be used for such analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000356741300008,
Author = {Moeseneder, Christian and Dutra, Leo and Thebaud, Olivier and Ellis,
   Nick and Boschetti, Fabio and Tickell, Sharon and Dichmont, Cathy and de
   la Mare, William and Pascual, Ricardo and Cannard, Toni},
Title = {{A simulation interface designed for improved user interaction and
   learning in water quality modelling software}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING \& SOFTWARE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{70}},
Pages = {{86-96}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Traditional simulation software that supports management decisions is
   configured and run by experienced scientists. However, it is often
   criticised for its lack of interactivity, not only in the application of
   decisions but also in the display of results. This paper presents the
   simulation interface of software with management strategy evaluation
   capabilities and its capacity to enable resource managers to learn about
   water quality management as evaluated in a workshop setting. The
   software `MSE Tool' is not intended to produce definitive real-world
   advice but provides a test-bed for managers to interactively design
   strategies and explore the complexities inherent to water quality
   management using a simple, yet effective, user interface. MSE Tool has
   been used in a pilot application that simulated the effects of
   management strategies applied in catchments and their effects on
   riverine, estuarine and marine water quality in South East Queensland,
   Australia. The approach and the software are suitable for reuse in other
   management strategy evaluation projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Moeseneder, C (Reprint Author), CSIRO, Oceans \& Atmosphere Flagship Ecosci Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   Moeseneder, Christian; Dutra, Leo; Thebaud, Olivier; Ellis, Nick; Boschetti, Fabio; Tickell, Sharon; Dichmont, Cathy; Pascual, Ricardo; Cannard, Toni, CSIRO, Commonwealth Sci \& Ind Res Org, Oceans \& Atmosphere Flagship Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   Dutra, Leo, Fac Sci Technol \& Environm, Sch Marine Studies, Suva, Fiji.
   Thebaud, Olivier, IFREMER, Maritime Econ Unit, Plouzane, France.
   Thebaud, Olivier, AMURE Res Grp, Plouzane, France.
   Thebaud, Olivier, Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Econ \& Finance, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
   de la Mare, William, Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.006}},
ISSN = {{1364-8152}},
EISSN = {{1873-6726}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluation; Simulation interface; User
   interactivity; Interaction; Learning; Decision support system; DSS;
   EDSS; Water quality; South East Queensland}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS;
   SUPPORT; SYSTEMS; IMPLEMENTATION; FRAMEWORK; CONSERVATION; INFORMATION;
   POWERFUL}},
Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Environmental; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{chris.moeseneder@csiro.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Moeseneder, Christian/O-6844-2014
   Pascual, Ricardo/A-2846-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Moeseneder, Christian/0000-0002-6718-1913
   Ellis, Nick/0000-0001-8761-5128
   Cannard, Toni/0000-0003-4254-8683
   Thebaud, Olivier/0000-0001-8665-3827}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Modell. Softw.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CL1YR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356741300008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Traditional simulation software that supports management decisions is configured and run by experienced scientists. However, it is often criticised for its lack of interactivity, not only in the application of decisions but also in the display of results. This paper presents the simulation interface of software with management strategy evaluation capabilities and its capacity to enable resource managers to learn about water quality management as evaluated in a workshop setting. The software `MSE Tool' is not intended to produce definitive real-world advice but provides a test-bed for managers to interactively design strategies and explore the complexities inherent to water quality management using a simple, yet effective, user interface. MSE Tool has been used in a pilot application that simulated the effects of management strategies applied in catchments and their effects on riverine, estuarine and marine water quality in South East Queensland, Australia. The approach and the software are suitable for reuse in other management strategy evaluation projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000353077400013,
Author = {Punt, Andre E. and Su, Nan-Jay and Sun, Chi-Lu},
Title = {{Assessing billfish stocks: A review of current methods and some future
   directions}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{166}},
Number = {{SI}},
Pages = {{103-118}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Note = {{5th International Billfish Symposium, Taipei, TAIWAN, NOV 04-08, 2013}},
Abstract = {{Billfishes, excluding swordfish, are typically not the primary targets
   of large-scale fisheries, which has historically led to a lack of
   targeted monitoring efforts. The lack of data on age-composition,
   missing catch data and species identification problems for some species,
   lack of fishery-independent index data, as well as environmental
   influences on population dynamics is compounded by the international
   nature of how fisheries for billfishes are assessed and managed. This
   paper overviews the most recent assessments conducted for 20 stocks of
   billfishes in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and how
   management advice is provided for these stocks. Assessments for
   billfishes are conducted using a wide range of techniques, ranging from
   catch-only methods which infer stock status based primarily on the prior
   distributions assumed for the parameters of a population dynamics model,
   to statistical catch-at-age analyses that integrate a wide range of data
   types. Key recommendations arising from this review include that
   age-structured stock assessments should be based on models that allow
   sex-structure to be represented, a full accounting for uncertainty
   requires adequately representing uncertainty regarding growth rates,
   natural mortality, the form and parameters of the stock recruitment
   relationship, and how data are weighted, and that if biomass dynamics
   models are to be applied, they should be based on Bayesian state-space
   formulations rather than observation or process error estimators because
   such formulations are better able to represent uncertainty. Crown
   Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Punt, AE (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E., CSIRO Ocean \& Atmosphere Flagship Castray Esplana, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu, Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2014.07.016}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{Biomass dynamics models; Marlin; Sailfish; Swordfish; Statistical
   catch-at-age analysis; Stock synthesis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS; MARLIN KAJIKIA-AUDAX; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN;
   ASSESSMENT MODELS; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; STRIPED MARLIN; SURPLUS-PRODUCTION;
   NATURAL MORTALITY; BLUE MARLIN; STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{aepunt@uw.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NOAA {[}NA100AR4320148]}},
Funding-Text = {{AEP acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA100AR4320148. Mark Maunder
   (IATTC) and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for comments on earlier
   version of this paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{117}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG2AN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353077400013}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Billfishes, excluding swordfish, are typically not the primary targets of large-scale fisheries, which has historically led to a lack of targeted monitoring efforts. The lack of data on age-composition, missing catch data and species identification problems for some species, lack of fishery-independent index data, as well as environmental influences on population dynamics is compounded by the international nature of how fisheries for billfishes are assessed and managed. This paper overviews the most recent assessments conducted for 20 stocks of billfishes in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and how management advice is provided for these stocks. Assessments for billfishes are conducted using a wide range of techniques, ranging from catch-only methods which infer stock status based primarily on the prior distributions assumed for the parameters of a population dynamics model, to statistical catch-at-age analyses that integrate a wide range of data types. Key recommendations arising from this review include that age-structured stock assessments should be based on models that allow sex-structure to be represented, a full accounting for uncertainty requires adequately representing uncertainty regarding growth rates, natural mortality, the form and parameters of the stock recruitment relationship, and how data are weighted, and that if biomass dynamics models are to be applied, they should be based on Bayesian state-space formulations rather than observation or process error estimators because such formulations are better able to represent uncertainty. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000356232900002,
Author = {Wise, Laura and Fonseca, Paulo and Murta, Alberto G. and Silva, Cristina
   and Mendes, Hugo and Carvalho, Joao P. and Borges, Maria de Fatima and
   Campos, Aida},
Title = {{A knowledge-based model for evaluating the impact of gear-based
   management measures under Europe's new Common Fisheries Policy}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1140-1151}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Note = {{2nd Fishery Dependent Information Conference, Rome, ITALY, MAR 02-06,
   2014}},
Abstract = {{A model combining qualitative and historical quantitative data in an
   innovative rule-based fuzzy cognitive map framework is used to assess
   and compare the long-term bioeconomic impact of adopting gear
   modifications aimed at reducing bycatch in the Portuguese crustacean
   trawl fishery. The impact of codend-related changes (mesh size and
   shape) and the introduction of a sorting device (sorting grid system) on
   the main target crustacean species (deepwater rose shrimp Parapenaeus
   longirostris and Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus) and the main fish
   bycatch species (blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, horse mackerel
   Trachurus trachurus, and European hake Merluccius merluccius) were
   evaluated. Horse mackerel was the only fish species for which changing
   codends negatively affected landings per unit of effort by large
   percentages. The use of a sorting grid system, only evaluated for blue
   whiting and Norway lobster, led to a strong decrease in landings per
   unit of effort, especially for the former species. The impact of gear
   alterations was negligible on fish spawning-stock biomass, but was
   significant for crustaceans, particularly rose shrimp. A straightforward
   evaluation of the economic impact (fishers' revenues) of the three
   bycatch reduction options showed these to be negligible or small.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wise, L (Reprint Author), Inst Portugues Mar \& Atmosfera, Av Brasilia, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Wise, Laura; Fonseca, Paulo; Murta, Alberto G.; Silva, Cristina; Mendes, Hugo; Borges, Maria de Fatima; Campos, Aida, Inst Portugues Mar \& Atmosfera, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Wise, Laura; Carvalho, Joao P., INESC ID, P-1000029 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Carvalho, Joao P., Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsv002}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{crustacean trawling; evaluation tool; knowledge-based model; rule-based
   fuzzy cognitive map; selectivity; southern Portuguese coast}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CRUSTACEAN-TRAWL FISHERY; BY-CATCH REDUCTION; LOBSTER
   NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; PORTUGUESE SOUTH COAST; MESH COD ENDS;
   PARAPENAEUS-LONGIROSTRIS; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; STRATEGIES;
   DISCARDS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{lwise@ipma.pt}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fonseca, Paulo/A-5418-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Fonseca, Paulo/0000-0003-4177-8196
   Carvalho, Joao Paulo/0000-0003-0005-8299
   Silva, Cristina/0000-0002-0280-2213}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}265401]; national funds through Fundacao para a
   Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) {[}UID/CEC/50021/2013]}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful
   comments and suggestions. The research leading to these results has
   received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
   (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 265401-EcoFishMan and was
   partially supported by national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e
   a Tecnologia (FCT) with reference UID/CEC/50021/2013.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CK4ZW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356232900002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A model combining qualitative and historical quantitative data in an innovative rule-based fuzzy cognitive map framework is used to assess and compare the long-term bioeconomic impact of adopting gear modifications aimed at reducing bycatch in the Portuguese crustacean trawl fishery. The impact of codend-related changes (mesh size and shape) and the introduction of a sorting device (sorting grid system) on the main target crustacean species (deepwater rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris and Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus) and the main fish bycatch species (blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus, and European hake Merluccius merluccius) were evaluated. Horse mackerel was the only fish species for which changing codends negatively affected landings per unit of effort by large percentages. The use of a sorting grid system, only evaluated for blue whiting and Norway lobster, led to a strong decrease in landings per unit of effort, especially for the former species. The impact of gear alterations was negligible on fish spawning-stock biomass, but was significant for crustaceans, particularly rose shrimp. A straightforward evaluation of the economic impact (fishers' revenues) of the three bycatch reduction options showed these to be negligible or small.

@article{ ISI:000351837500008,
Author = {Bastardie, Francois and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and Eigaard, O. R. and Fock,
   H. O. and Jonsson, P. and Bartolino, V.},
Title = {{Competition for marine space: modelling the Baltic Sea fisheries and
   effort displacement under spatial restrictions}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{824-840}},
Month = {{MAR-APR}},
Abstract = {{Maritime spatial planning (MSP) and fishery management may generate
   extra costs for fisheries by constraining fishers activity with
   conservation areas and new utilizations of the sea. More
   energy-efficient fisheries are also likely to alter existing fishing
   patterns, which already vary from fishery to fishery and from vessel to
   vessel. The impact assessment of new spatial plans involving fisheries
   should be based on quantitative bioeconomic analyses that take into
   account individual vessel decisions, and trade-offs in cross-sector
   conflicting interests. We use a vessel-oriented decision-support tool
   (the DISPLACE model) to combine stochastic variations in spatial fishing
   activities with harvested resource dynamics in scenario projections. The
   assessment computes economic and stock status indicators by modelling
   the activity of Danish, Swedish, and German vessels (> 12 m) in the
   international western Baltic Sea commercial fishery, together with the
   underlying size-based distribution dynamics of the main fishery
   resources of sprat, herring, and cod. The outcomes of alternative
   scenarios for spatial effort displacement are exemplified by evaluating
   the fishers's abilities to adapt to spatial plans under various
   constraints. Interlinked spatial, technical, and biological dynamics of
   vessels and stocks in the scenarios result in stable profits, which
   compensate for the additional costs from effort displacement and release
   pressure on the fish stocks. The effort is further redirected away from
   sensitive benthic habitats, enhancing the ecological positive effects.
   The energy efficiency of some of the vessels, however, is strongly
   reduced with the new zonation, and some of the vessels suffer decreased
   profits. The DISPLACE model serves as a spatially explicit bioeconomic
   benchmark tool for management strategy evaluations for capturing
   tactical decision-making in reaction to MSP.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bastardie, F (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Sect Ecosyst Based Marine Management, Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Bastardie, Francois; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Eigaard, O. R., Tech Univ Denmark, Sect Ecosyst Based Marine Management, Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Fock, H. O., Thunen Inst Sea Fisheries, Rostock, Germany.
   Jonsson, P.; Bartolino, V., Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Inst Marine Res, Dept Aquat Resources, S-45330 Lysekil, Sweden.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsu215}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{benthic habitats; decision choice modelling; displaced fishing effort;
   ecological-economic evaluation; marine space; maritime spatial planning;
   scenario evaluation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; WIND FARM PROJECTS; FISHING EFFORT; ENERGY
   EFFICIENCY; DANISH FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; MIXED FISHERIES;
   LARGE-SCALE; MANAGEMENT; CLOSURE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{fba@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Eigaard, Ole Ritzau/0000-0003-4213-2397}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Danish Strategic Research Council; EU-FP7 SOCIOEC project; EU-FP7
   BENTHIS project; EU-FP-7-VECTORS project; Formas {[}2012-942]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Leyre Goti, vTi, Germany, and Kerstin Geitner, DTU-Aqua,
   Denmark, for providing us with the windmill farm GIS map layers. We
   thank Federico Fuga, Studiofuga, Italy, for technical assistance in
   developing the user interface. The work has been partly financed by and
   conducted under the Danish Strategic Research Council Project
   IMAGE/MAFIA, and the EU-FP7 SOCIOEC, EU-FP7 BENTHIS, and EU-FP-7-VECTORS
   projects. PJ and VB were funded by Formas research and development
   project grant 2012-942.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{73}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE4YW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351837500008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Maritime spatial planning (MSP) and fishery management may generate extra costs for fisheries by constraining fishers activity with conservation areas and new utilizations of the sea. More energy-efficient fisheries are also likely to alter existing fishing patterns, which already vary from fishery to fishery and from vessel to vessel. The impact assessment of new spatial plans involving fisheries should be based on quantitative bioeconomic analyses that take into account individual vessel decisions, and trade-offs in cross-sector conflicting interests. We use a vessel-oriented decision-support tool (the DISPLACE model) to combine stochastic variations in spatial fishing activities with harvested resource dynamics in scenario projections. The assessment computes economic and stock status indicators by modelling the activity of Danish, Swedish, and German vessels (> 12 m) in the international western Baltic Sea commercial fishery, together with the underlying size-based distribution dynamics of the main fishery resources of sprat, herring, and cod. The outcomes of alternative scenarios for spatial effort displacement are exemplified by evaluating the fishers's abilities to adapt to spatial plans under various constraints. Interlinked spatial, technical, and biological dynamics of vessels and stocks in the scenarios result in stable profits, which compensate for the additional costs from effort displacement and release pressure on the fish stocks. The effort is further redirected away from sensitive benthic habitats, enhancing the ecological positive effects. The energy efficiency of some of the vessels, however, is strongly reduced with the new zonation, and some of the vessels suffer decreased profits. The DISPLACE model serves as a spatially explicit bioeconomic benchmark tool for management strategy evaluations for capturing tactical decision-making in reaction to MSP.

@article{ ISI:000348971300014,
Author = {Sippel, Tim and Eveson, J. Paige and Galuardi, Benjamin and Lam, Chi and
   Hoyle, Simon and Maunder, Mark and Kleiber, Pierre and Carvalho, Felipe
   and Tsontos, Vardis and Teo, Steven L. H. and Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre
   and Nicol, Simon},
Title = {{Using movement data from electronic tags in fisheries stock assessment:
   A review of models, technology and experimental design}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{163}},
Number = {{SI}},
Pages = {{152-160}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Tag-recapture data have long been important data sources for fisheries
   management, with the capacity to inform abundance, mortality, growth and
   movement within stock assessments. Historically, this role has been
   fulfilled with low-tech conventional tags, but the relatively recent and
   rapid development of electronic tags has dramatically increased the
   potential to collect more high quality data. Stock assessment models
   have also been evolving in power and complexity recently, with the
   ability to integrate multiple data sources into unified spatially
   explicit frameworks. However, electronic tag technologies and stock
   assessment models have developed largely independently, and frameworks
   for incorporating these valuable data in contemporary stock assessments
   are nascent, at best. Movement dynamics of large pelagic species have
   been problematic to resolve in modern assessments, and electronic tags
   offer new opportunities to resolve some of these issues. Pragmatic ways
   of modeling movement are often not obvious, and basic research into
   discrete and continuous processes, for example, is ongoing. Experimental
   design of electronic tagging research has been driven mostly by
   ecological and biological questions, rather than optimized for stock
   assessment, and this is probably a complicating factor in integration of
   the data into assessment models. A holistic overview of the current
   state of assessment models, electronic tag technologies, and
   experimental design is provided here, with the aim to provide insight
   into how stock assessment and electronic tagging research can be
   conducted most effectively together. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Sippel, T (Reprint Author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   Sippel, Tim; Teo, Steven L. H., Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   Eveson, J. Paige, CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
   Galuardi, Benjamin; Lam, Chi, UMass Amherst, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
   Hoyle, Simon; Nicol, Simon, Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia.
   Maunder, Mark; Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre, Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, Santa Clara, CA 92037 USA.
   Kleiber, Pierre, NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   Carvalho, Felipe, Univ Florida, Program Fisheries \& Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
   Tsontos, Vardis, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2014.04.006}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{Spatial stock assessment; Fish movement; Electronic tags; Experimental
   design}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN;
   CATCH-AT-AGE; TAGGING DATA; MORTALITY-RATES; HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;
   POPULATION-STRUCTURE; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; THUNNUS-ALBACARES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{tim.sippel@noaa.gov}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Pelagic Fisheries Research Program at the University of Hawaii through
   the project titled ``Integrating Electronic and Conventional Tagging
   Data into Modern Stock Assessment Models{''} {[}661550]}},
Funding-Text = {{This paper is a culmination of a scientific meeting held during October
   2011 in La Jolla, CA, which was funded by the Pelagic Fisheries Research
   Program at the University of Hawaii through the project titled
   ``Integrating Electronic and Conventional Tagging Data into Modern Stock
   Assessment Models{''} (Project Number 661550). Attendees at the workshop
   included Mark Maunder, Alex Aires Da Silva, Michael Hinton, Rick Deriso,
   Steve Teo, Suzanne Kohin, Tim Sippel, Ian Taylor, Pierre Kleiber, Simon
   Nicol, Simon Hoyle, Karine Briand, Tim Lam, Ben Galuardi, Francois
   Royer, Eunjung Kim, Irina Senina, Felipe Carvalho, Juan Valero, Yukio
   Takeuchi, Shiga Iwata and Mark Fitchett. Thanks to the Inter American
   Tropical Tuna Commission for convening the meeting, to Jeff Laake, Kevin
   Hill, Guest Editor Hilario Murua and two anonymous reviewers for their
   helpful reviews of this manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{106}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CA5TS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348971300014}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Tag-recapture data have long been important data sources for fisheries management, with the capacity to inform abundance, mortality, growth and movement within stock assessments. Historically, this role has been fulfilled with low-tech conventional tags, but the relatively recent and rapid development of electronic tags has dramatically increased the potential to collect more high quality data. Stock assessment models have also been evolving in power and complexity recently, with the ability to integrate multiple data sources into unified spatially explicit frameworks. However, electronic tag technologies and stock assessment models have developed largely independently, and frameworks for incorporating these valuable data in contemporary stock assessments are nascent, at best. Movement dynamics of large pelagic species have been problematic to resolve in modern assessments, and electronic tags offer new opportunities to resolve some of these issues. Pragmatic ways of modeling movement are often not obvious, and basic research into discrete and continuous processes, for example, is ongoing. Experimental design of electronic tagging research has been driven mostly by ecological and biological questions, rather than optimized for stock assessment, and this is probably a complicating factor in integration of the data into assessment models. A holistic overview of the current state of assessment models, electronic tag technologies, and experimental design is provided here, with the aim to provide insight into how stock assessment and electronic tagging research can be conducted most effectively together. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000349429800002,
Author = {Schiavina, Marcello and Bevacqua, Daniele and Melia, Paco and Crivelli,
   Alain J. and Gatto, Marino and De Leo, Giulio A.},
Title = {{A user-friendly tool to assess management plans for European eel fishery
   and conservation}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING \& SOFTWARE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{64}},
Pages = {{9-17}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{The European eel Regulation EC 1100/2007 establishes measures to recover
   the European eel stock. The Regulation requires Member States to
   guarantee a spawner escapement >= 40\% of pristine levels by reducing
   eel mortality. The complexity and plasticity of eel life history make it
   difficult to assess the effectiveness of alternative management options,
   and tools allowing decision makers and fishermen to quickly assess the
   effectiveness of proposed management scenarios are urgently needed. We
   used state-of-the-art knowledge to develop a user-friendly simulation
   software allowing users to evaluate if current management policies meet
   the conservation target and evaluate the expected performances (spawner
   escapement and fishing yield) of alternative management scenarios. The
   software relies upon a demographic model explicitly accounting for the
   most relevant features of eel demography and has default settings for
   specific geographical areas and water systems. We demonstrate the
   software by exploring a variety of management plans in three European
   water systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Schiavina, M (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz \& Bioingn, Via Ponzio 34-5, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Schiavina, Marcello; Melia, Paco; Gatto, Marino, Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz \& Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   Schiavina, Marcello; Bevacqua, Daniele; De Leo, Giulio A., Univ Parma, Dipartimento Biosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
   Bevacqua, Daniele, INRA, PSH, UR1115, F-84914 Avignon, France.
   Melia, Paco; Gatto, Marino, Consorzio Interuniv Sci Mare, I-00196 Rome, Italy.
   Crivelli, Alain J., Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France.
   De Leo, Giulio A., Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.008}},
ISSN = {{1364-8152}},
EISSN = {{1873-6726}},
Keywords = {{Eel management plans; Anguilla anguilla; European regulation;
   Demographic models; Sustainable fisheries}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
   CAMARGUE LAGOONS; STOCK DYNAMICS; GROWTH; MODEL; AGE; RIVER; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Environmental; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{m.schiavina@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Melia, Paco/E-8844-2012
   Bevacqua, Daniele/D-9421-2012
   Gatto, Marino/D-9531-2012
   Schiavina, Marcello/J-8287-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Melia, Paco/0000-0002-7763-9836
   Gatto, Marino/0000-0001-8063-9178
   Schiavina, Marcello/0000-0003-3399-3400
   De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FEDER Program; Region PACA (France); Region Languedoc-Roussillon
   (France); Agence de l'eau (France)}},
Funding-Text = {{We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments about
   the manuscript draft. We thank Pascal Contournet for all the field work,
   Jacques Panfili for reading otoliths, the MRM
   (Migrateurs-Rhone-Mediterranee) NGO for helping in the fieldwork and the
   CAT (Compagnons de Maguelone) NGO for allowing and helping to work in
   the Prevost lagoon. We also thank Elsa Amilhat for the useful testing of
   the software, allowing its debugging and improvement. The web site
   www.eelmanagement.eu is kindly hosted on a Stanford University server at
   the Hopkins Marine Station. Financial support to this work came from the
   FEDER Program, Region PACA (France), Region Languedoc-Roussillon
   (France) and Agence de l'eau (France).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Modell. Softw.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB2AT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349429800002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The European eel Regulation EC 1100/2007 establishes measures to recover the European eel stock. The Regulation requires Member States to guarantee a spawner escapement >= 40% of pristine levels by reducing eel mortality. The complexity and plasticity of eel life history make it difficult to assess the effectiveness of alternative management options, and tools allowing decision makers and fishermen to quickly assess the effectiveness of proposed management scenarios are urgently needed. We used state-of-the-art knowledge to develop a user-friendly simulation software allowing users to evaluate if current management policies meet the conservation target and evaluate the expected performances (spawner escapement and fishing yield) of alternative management scenarios. The software relies upon a demographic model explicitly accounting for the most relevant features of eel demography and has default settings for specific geographical areas and water systems. We demonstrate the software by exploring a variety of management plans in three European water systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000350154300020,
Author = {Hintzen, N. T. and Roel, B. and Benden, D. and Clarke, M. and Egan, A.
   and Nash, R. D. M. and Rohlf, N. and Hatfield, E. M. C.},
Title = {{Managing a complex population structure: exploring the importance of
   information from fisheries-independent sources}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{528-542}},
Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
Abstract = {{Natural resource managers aim to manage fish stocks at sustainable
   levels. Often, management of these stocks is based on the results of
   analytical stock assessments. Accurate catch data, which can be
   attributed to a specific population unit and reflects the population
   structure, are needed for these approaches. Often though, the quality of
   the catch data is compromised when dealing with a complex population
   structure where fish of different population units mix in a fishery. The
   herring population units west of the British Isles are prone to mixing.
   Here, the inability to perfectly allocate the fish caught to the
   population unit they originate from, due to classification problems,
   poses problems for management. These mixing proportions are often
   unknown; therefore, we use simulation modelling combined with management
   strategy evaluation to evaluate the role fisheries-independent surveys
   can play in an assessment to provide unbiased results, irrespective of
   population unit mixing and classification success. We show that failure
   to account for mixing is one of the major drivers of biased estimates of
   population abundance, affecting biomass reference points and MSY
   targets. When mixing of population units occurs, the role a survey can
   play to provide unbiased assessment results is limited. Either different
   assessment models should be employed or stock status should be
   considered from the survey data alone. In addition, correctly
   classifying the origin of fish is especially important for those
   population units that are markedly smaller in size than other units in
   the population complex. Without high classification success rates,
   smaller population units are extremely vulnerable to overexploitation.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hintzen, NT (Reprint Author), IMARES, Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Hintzen, N. T.; Benden, D., IMARES, Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Roel, B., Cefas Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Clarke, M.; Egan, A., Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
   Nash, R. D. M., Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Rohlf, N., Thunen Inst Sea Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.
   Hatfield, E. M. C., Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsu102}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{Atlantic Herring; British Isles; classification; Clupea harengus; FLR;
   management strategy evaluation; mixing; scientific survey; stock
   structure}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; STATE-SPACE MODEL; NORTH-SEA; STOCK ASSESSMENT;
   MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; SPAWNING COMPONENTS; BRITISH-ISLES; CELTIC SEA;
   DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{niels.hintzen@wur.nl}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}MARE/2011/16 Lot 1]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Daniel Goethel and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful
   comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was
   supported through the EU Open call for tenders No MARE/2011/16 Lot 1.
   The article does not necessarily reflect the views of the European
   Commission and does not anticipate the Commission's future policy in
   this area.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC2DC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350154300020}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Natural resource managers aim to manage fish stocks at sustainable levels. Often, management of these stocks is based on the results of analytical stock assessments. Accurate catch data, which can be attributed to a specific population unit and reflects the population structure, are needed for these approaches. Often though, the quality of the catch data is compromised when dealing with a complex population structure where fish of different population units mix in a fishery. The herring population units west of the British Isles are prone to mixing. Here, the inability to perfectly allocate the fish caught to the population unit they originate from, due to classification problems, poses problems for management. These mixing proportions are often unknown; therefore, we use simulation modelling combined with management strategy evaluation to evaluate the role fisheries-independent surveys can play in an assessment to provide unbiased results, irrespective of population unit mixing and classification success. We show that failure to account for mixing is one of the major drivers of biased estimates of population abundance, affecting biomass reference points and MSY targets. When mixing of population units occurs, the role a survey can play to provide unbiased assessment results is limited. Either different assessment models should be employed or stock status should be considered from the survey data alone. In addition, correctly classifying the origin of fish is especially important for those population units that are markedly smaller in size than other units in the population complex. Without high classification success rates, smaller population units are extremely vulnerable to overexploitation.

@article{ ISI:000350153200003,
Author = {Deroba, J. J. and Butterworth, D. S. and Methot, Jr., R. D. and De
   Oliveira, J. A. A. and Fernandez, C. and Nielsen, A. and Cadrin, S. X.
   and Dickey-Collas, M. and Legault, C. M. and Ianelli, J. and Valero, J.
   L. and Needle, C. L. and O'Malley, J. M. and Chang, Y-J. and Thompson,
   G. G. and Canales, C. and Swain, D. P. and Miller, D. C. M. and Hintzen,
   N. T. and Bertignac, M. and Ibaibarriaga, L. and Silva, A. and Murta, A.
   and Kell, L. T. and de Moor, C. L. and Parma, A. M. and Dichmont, C. M.
   and Restrepo, V. R. and Ye, Y. and Jardim, E. and Spencer, P. D. and
   Hanselman, D. H. and Blaylock, J. and Mood, M. and Hulson, P. -J. F.},
Title = {{Simulation testing the robustness of stock assessment models to error:
   some results from the ICES strategic initiative on stock assessment
   methods}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{19-30}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Note = {{World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries,
   Boston, MA, JUL, 2013}},
Abstract = {{The World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods (July 2013) included a
   workshop on testing assessment methods through simulations. The exercise
   was made up of two steps applied to datasets from 14 representative fish
   stocks from around the world. Step 1 involved applying stock assessments
   to datasets with varying degrees of effort dedicated to optimizing fit.
   Step 2 was applied to a subset of the stocks and involved
   characteristics of given model fits being used to generate pseudo-data
   with error. These pseudo-data were then provided to assessment modellers
   and fits to the pseudo-data provided consistency checks within
   (self-tests) and among (cross-tests) assessment models. Although trends
   in biomass were often similar across models, the scaling of absolute
   biomass was not consistent across models. Similar types of models tended
   to perform similarly (e.g. age based or production models). Self-testing
   and cross-testing of models are a useful diagnostic approach, and
   suggested that estimates in the most recent years of time-series were
   the least robust. Results from the simulation exercise provide a basis
   for guidance on future large-scale simulation experiments and
   demonstrate the need for strategic investments in the evaluation and
   development of stock assessment methods.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Deroba, JJ (Reprint Author), NOAA NMFS, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   Deroba, J. J.; Legault, C. M., NOAA NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   Butterworth, D. S.; de Moor, C. L., Univ Cape Town, Dept Math \& Appl Math, Marine Resource Assessment \& Management Grp MARAM, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   Methot, R. D., Jr.; Ianelli, J.; Thompson, G. G.; Spencer, P. D., NOAA NMFS, Seattle, WA USA.
   De Oliveira, J. A. A., Lowestoft Lab, Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England.
   Fernandez, C.; Dickey-Collas, M., ICES, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
   Nielsen, A., Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Cadrin, S. X., Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci \& Technol, Fairhaven, MA USA.
   Dickey-Collas, M.; Miller, D. C. M., Wageningen Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studie, NL-1976 Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Valero, J. L., CAPAM, La Jolla, CA USA.
   Needle, C. L., Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
   O'Malley, J. M., NOAA NMFS, Honolulu, HI USA.
   Chang, Y-J., Univ Hawaii, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine \& Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   Canales, C., Inst Fomento Pesquero IFOP, Valparaiso, Chile.
   Swain, D. P., Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
   Hintzen, N. T., Wageningen UR, Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Bertignac, M., IFREMER, Unite Sci \& Technol Halieut, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
   Ibaibarriaga, L., AZTI Tecnalia, Marine Res Div, E-48395 Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain.
   Silva, A.; Murta, A., IPMA Inst Portugues Mar \& Atmosfera, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Kell, L. T., ICCAT Secretariat, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   Parma, A. M., Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chugut, Argentina.
   Dichmont, C. M., CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Queensland Biosci Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   Restrepo, V. R., Int Seafood Sustainabil Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
   Ye, Y., Food \& Agr Org United Nations, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
   Jardim, E., European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Hanselman, D. H.; Hulson, P. -J. F., NOAA NMFS, Juneau, AK USA.
   Blaylock, J.; Mood, M., Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fst237}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{cross-test; model comparison; pseudo data; self-test; time-series
   analysis; vpa}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AT-AGE ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; NATURAL MORTALITY; PERFORMANCE;
   UNCERTAINTY; FISHERY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008
   Silva, Alexandra/I-4326-2017
   Ibaibarriaga, Leire/C-2483-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Silva, Alexandra/0000-0002-2950-1429
   Ibaibarriaga, Leire/0000-0001-5619-1174
   Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
Times-Cited = {{28}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC2CT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350153200003}},
OA = {{No}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods (July 2013) included a workshop on testing assessment methods through simulations. The exercise was made up of two steps applied to datasets from 14 representative fish stocks from around the world. Step 1 involved applying stock assessments to datasets with varying degrees of effort dedicated to optimizing fit. Step 2 was applied to a subset of the stocks and involved characteristics of given model fits being used to generate pseudo-data with error. These pseudo-data were then provided to assessment modellers and fits to the pseudo-data provided consistency checks within (self-tests) and among (cross-tests) assessment models. Although trends in biomass were often similar across models, the scaling of absolute biomass was not consistent across models. Similar types of models tended to perform similarly (e.g. age based or production models). Self-testing and cross-testing of models are a useful diagnostic approach, and suggested that estimates in the most recent years of time-series were the least robust. Results from the simulation exercise provide a basis for guidance on future large-scale simulation experiments and demonstrate the need for strategic investments in the evaluation and development of stock assessment methods.

@article{ ISI:000350153200016,
Author = {Needle, Coby L.},
Title = {{Honeycomb: a spatio-temporal simulation model to evaluate management
   strategies and assessment methods}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{151-163}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Note = {{World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries,
   Boston, MA, JUL, 2013}},
Abstract = {{In recent years, scientists providing advice to fisheries managers have
   been granted access to an increasing range of spatio-temporal data from
   fishing vessels, using tools such as vessel monitoring systems and
   electronic observation platforms. This information should allow for the
   provision of more germane advice on the activity of vessels, and hence
   the likely impact of management measures which are becoming increasingly
   spatial in nature. However, the development of appropriate management
   simulation and assessment models has lagged behind the availability of
   these new data. This paper presents an accessible spatio-temporal
   simulation framework (Honeycomb) which features a weekly time-step,
   multiple stocks and vessels, and economic decision rules and applies
   this to a case study of a spatial evaluation of a simple closed-area
   fishery policy. We conclude that the development and utilization of such
   spatio-temporal simulation models is a key research task for fisheries
   in which both spatial fisheries data and spatial fisheries management
   are becoming paramount.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Needle, CL (Reprint Author), Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
   Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsu130}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{closed areas; fishery simulation; management strategy evaluation;
   spatial fishery analysis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; COD; FISHERIES; CAPELIN;
   STOCKS; FLR; BAY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{needlec@marlab.ac.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC2CT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350153200016}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

In recent years, scientists providing advice to fisheries managers have been granted access to an increasing range of spatio-temporal data from fishing vessels, using tools such as vessel monitoring systems and electronic observation platforms. This information should allow for the provision of more germane advice on the activity of vessels, and hence the likely impact of management measures which are becoming increasingly spatial in nature. However, the development of appropriate management simulation and assessment models has lagged behind the availability of these new data. This paper presents an accessible spatio-temporal simulation framework (Honeycomb) which features a weekly time-step, multiple stocks and vessels, and economic decision rules and applies this to a case study of a spatial evaluation of a simple closed-area fishery policy. We conclude that the development and utilization of such spatio-temporal simulation models is a key research task for fisheries in which both spatial fisheries data and spatial fisheries management are becoming paramount.

@article{ ISI:000350153200023,
Author = {Jardim, Ernesto and Millar, Colin P. and Mosqueira, Iago and Scott,
   Finlay and Osio, Giacomo Chato and Ferretti, Marco and Alzorriz, Nekane
   and Orio, Alessandro},
Title = {{What if stock assessment is as simple as a linear model? The a4a
   initiative}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{72}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{232-236}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Note = {{World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries,
   Boston, MA, JUL, 2013}},
Abstract = {{This manuscript discusses the benefits of having a stock assessment
   model that is intuitively close to a linear model. It creates a case for
   the need of such models taking into account the increase in data
   availability and the expansion of stock assessment requests. We explore
   ideas around the assessment of large numbers of stocks and the need to
   make stock assessment easier to run and more intuitive, so that more
   scientists from diverse backgrounds can be involved. We show, as an
   example, the model developed under the European Commission Joint
   Research Center's `Assessment for All' Initiative (a4a) and how it fits
   the a4a strategy of making stock assessment simpler and accessible to a
   wider group of scientists.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jardim, E (Reprint Author), European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Jardim, Ernesto; Millar, Colin P.; Mosqueira, Iago; Scott, Finlay; Osio, Giacomo Chato; Ferretti, Marco; Alzorriz, Nekane; Orio, Alessandro, European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Jardim, Ernesto, Inst Portugues Mar \& Atmosfera, Dept Mar \& Recursos Marinhos, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Millar, Colin P., Marine Scotland Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Perth, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsu050}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{ADMB; assessment model; a4a; knowledge base; linear model; R;
   statistical catch-at-age; stock assessment framework}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERY MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ernesto.jardim@jrc.ec.europa.eu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Mosqueira, Iago/0000-0002-3252-0591
   Orio, Alessandro/0000-0002-5566-6139}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CC2CT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350153200023}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

This manuscript discusses the benefits of having a stock assessment model that is intuitively close to a linear model. It creates a case for the need of such models taking into account the increase in data availability and the expansion of stock assessment requests. We explore ideas around the assessment of large numbers of stocks and the need to make stock assessment easier to run and more intuitive, so that more scientists from diverse backgrounds can be involved. We show, as an example, the model developed under the European Commission Joint Research Center's `Assessment for All' Initiative (a4a) and how it fits the a4a strategy of making stock assessment simpler and accessible to a wider group of scientists.

@article{ ISI:000345478600014,
Author = {Merino, Gorka and Quetglas, Antoni and Maynou, Francesc and Garau,
   Antoni and Arrizabalaga, Haritz and Murua, Hilario and Santiago, Josu
   and Barange, Manuel and Prellezo, Raul and Garcia, Dorleta and Lleonart,
   Jordi and Tserpes, Georges and Maravelias, Christos and Carvalho,
   Natacha and Austen, Melanie and Fernandes, Jose A. and Oliver, Pere and
   Maria Grau, Antoni},
Title = {{Improving the performance of a Mediterranean demersal fishery toward
   economic objectives beyond MSY}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{161}},
Pages = {{131-144}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Mediterranean demersal fisheries are highly multispecific and many of
   their target stocks are overexploited. In addition, rocketing fuel costs
   and low market prices of traditionally high-value species are
   challenging the viability of fisheries. Here, based on the numeric
   results of a simulation model, we conclude that this situation can be
   remedied by reducing both fishing mortality and fishing costs. According
   to our model results, fishing effort reductions of 48-71\% would improve
   the health of fish stocks while increasing the economic profits of
   Mallorca islands bottom trawl fishery to as much as 1.9 M(sic) (146\%
   higher than current profits). If all fish stocks were exploited at their
   MSY (or below) level, the reduction in fishing effort would have to be
   of 71\% from current values. If equilibrium profits from the fishery
   were to be maximized (MEY), fishing effort would need to be reduced by
   48\%. These results must be taken with caution due the many sources of
   uncertainty of our analysis. The modeling tools used to estimate these
   values are conditional to the adequate treatment of two sources of
   uncertainty that are particularly problematic in Mediterranean
   fisheries: insufficiently known recruitment variability and lack of
   periodic evaluations of the state of many species. Our results show that
   fishing effort reductions would produce economic yield gains after a
   period of transition. Further studies on the benefits of changing the
   size-selection pattern of fisheries, on better estimation of stock
   recruitment relationships and on better quantifications of the
   contribution of secondary species to these fisheries, are expected to
   improve the scientific recommendations for Mediterranean demersal
   fisheries toward sustainability principles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Merino, G (Reprint Author), AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
   Merino, Gorka; Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Murua, Hilario, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
   Merino, Gorka; Barange, Manuel; Austen, Melanie; Fernandes, Jose A., Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
   Quetglas, Antoni; Oliver, Pere, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Balears, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Spain.
   Maynou, Francesc; Lleonart, Jordi, CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
   Garau, Antoni, Federacio Balear Confraries Pescadors, Palma De Mallorca 07012, Illes Balears, Spain.
   Santiago, Josu; Prellezo, Raul; Garcia, Dorleta, AZTI Tecnalia, Bizkaia 48395, Spain.
   Tserpes, Georges, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Crete, Dept Fisheries, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece.
   Maravelias, Christos, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Athens 19013, Greece.
   Carvalho, Natacha, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Maria Grau, Antoni, Direccio Gen Pesca Govern Illes Balears, Palma De Mallorca 07006, Illes Balears, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2014.06.010}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
EISSN = {{1872-6763}},
Keywords = {{EU fisheries; Mediterranean; Demersal; Socioeconomics; Sustainability}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BIOECONOMIC SIMULATION ANALYSIS; SQUARE MESH CODEND; BALEARIC-ISLANDS;
   RED SHRIMP; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; TRAWL SELECTIVITY; STOCK
   ASSESSMENTS; HAKE; MODEL; CATCH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{gmerino@azti.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Prellezo, Raul/B-8231-2009
   Maynou, Francesc/A-6433-2011
   Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016
   Quetglas, Antoni/K-9089-2014
   Fernandes, Jose A./B-8985-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Prellezo, Raul/0000-0001-5998-8146
   Maynou, Francesc/0000-0001-7200-6485
   Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483
   Fernandes, Jose A./0000-0003-4677-6077
   Arrizabalaga, Haritz/0000-0002-3861-6316}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AU2XT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000345478600014}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Mediterranean demersal fisheries are highly multispecific and many of their target stocks are overexploited. In addition, rocketing fuel costs and low market prices of traditionally high-value species are challenging the viability of fisheries. Here, based on the numeric results of a simulation model, we conclude that this situation can be remedied by reducing both fishing mortality and fishing costs. According to our model results, fishing effort reductions of 48-71% would improve the health of fish stocks while increasing the economic profits of Mallorca islands bottom trawl fishery to as much as 1.9 M(sic) (146% higher than current profits). If all fish stocks were exploited at their MSY (or below) level, the reduction in fishing effort would have to be of 71% from current values. If equilibrium profits from the fishery were to be maximized (MEY), fishing effort would need to be reduced by 48%. These results must be taken with caution due the many sources of uncertainty of our analysis. The modeling tools used to estimate these values are conditional to the adequate treatment of two sources of uncertainty that are particularly problematic in Mediterranean fisheries: insufficiently known recruitment variability and lack of periodic evaluations of the state of many species. Our results show that fishing effort reductions would produce economic yield gains after a period of transition. Further studies on the benefits of changing the size-selection pattern of fisheries, on better estimation of stock recruitment relationships and on better quantifications of the contribution of secondary species to these fisheries, are expected to improve the scientific recommendations for Mediterranean demersal fisheries toward sustainability principles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000334105000033,
Author = {Anderson, Sean C. and Monnahan, Cole C. and Johnson, Kelli F. and Ono,
   Kotaro and Valero, Juan L.},
Title = {{ss3sim: An R Package for Fisheries Stock Assessment Simulation with
   Stock Synthesis}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{4}},
Month = {{APR 3}},
Abstract = {{Simulation testing is an important approach to evaluating fishery stock
   assessment methods. In the last decade, the fisheries stock assessment
   modeling framework Stock Synthesis (SS3) has become widely used around
   the world. However, there lacks a generalized and scriptable framework
   for SS3 simulation testing. Here, we introduce ss3sim, an R package that
   facilitates reproducible, flexible, and rapid end-to-end simulation
   testing with SS3. ss3sim requires an existing SS3 model configuration
   along with plain-text control files describing alternative population
   dynamics, fishery properties, sampling scenarios, and assessment
   approaches. ss3sim then generates an underlying `truth' from a specified
   operating model, samples from that truth, modifies and runs an
   estimation model, and synthesizes the results. The simulations can be
   run in parallel, reducing runtime, and the source code is free to be
   modified under an open-source MIT license. ss3sim is designed to explore
   structural differences between the underlying truth and assumptions of
   an estimation model, or between multiple estimation model
   configurations. For example, ss3sim can be used to answer questions
   about model misspecification, retrospective patterns, and the relative
   importance of different types of fisheries data. We demonstrate the
   software with an example, discuss how ss3sim complements other
   simulation software, and outline specific research questions that ss3sim
   could address.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Anderson, SC (Reprint Author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   Anderson, Sean C., Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
   Monnahan, Cole C., Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Johnson, Kelli F.; Ono, Kotaro, Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Valero, Juan L., Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0092725}},
Article-Number = {{e92725}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS; AD MODEL BUILDER; NATURAL MORTALITY; ASSESSMENT
   PROGRAM; AGE; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sean@seananderson.ca}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fulbright Canada; NSERC; Garfield Weston Foundation/B.C. Packers Ltd.;
   Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
   NOAA {[}NA10OAR4320148, 2218]}},
Funding-Text = {{SCA was supported by Fulbright Canada (hosted by Trevor A. Branch),
   NSERC, and a Garfield Weston Foundation/B.C. Packers Ltd. Graduate
   Fellowship in Marine Sciences. This publication was partially funded by
   the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
   under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2218.
   This research addresses the methods component of the good practices
   guide to stock assessment program of the Center for the Advancement of
   Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM). The funders had no role in
   study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AE6LR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000334105000033}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Simulation testing is an important approach to evaluating fishery stock assessment methods. In the last decade, the fisheries stock assessment modeling framework Stock Synthesis (SS3) has become widely used around the world. However, there lacks a generalized and scriptable framework for SS3 simulation testing. Here, we introduce ss3sim, an R package that facilitates reproducible, flexible, and rapid end-to-end simulation testing with SS3. ss3sim requires an existing SS3 model configuration along with plain-text control files describing alternative population dynamics, fishery properties, sampling scenarios, and assessment approaches. ss3sim then generates an underlying `truth' from a specified operating model, samples from that truth, modifies and runs an estimation model, and synthesizes the results. The simulations can be run in parallel, reducing runtime, and the source code is free to be modified under an open-source MIT license. ss3sim is designed to explore structural differences between the underlying truth and assumptions of an estimation model, or between multiple estimation model configurations. For example, ss3sim can be used to answer questions about model misspecification, retrospective patterns, and the relative importance of different types of fisheries data. We demonstrate the software with an example, discuss how ss3sim complements other simulation software, and outline specific research questions that ss3sim could address.

@article{ ISI:000339048900011,
Author = {Giannoulaki, M. and Ibaibarriaga, L. and Antonakakis, K. and Uriarte, A.
   and Machias, A. and Somarakis, S. and Sanchez, S. and Roel, B. A.},
Title = {{Applying a two-stage Bayesian dynamic model to a short-lived species,
   the anchovy, in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Comparison with
   an Integrated Catch at Age stock assessment model}},
Journal = {{MEDITERRANEAN MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{350-365}},
Abstract = {{Two different stock assessment models were applied to the North Aegean
   Sea anchovy stock (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): an Integrated Catch at
   age Analysis and a Bayesian two-stage biomass based model. Commercial
   catch data over the period 2000-2008 as well as acoustics and Daily Egg
   Production Method estimates over the period 2003-2008 were used. The
   results of the two models were consistent, indicating that the anchovy
   stock is exploited sustainably in relation to an exploitation rate
   reference point. Furthermore, the stock biomass appears to be stable or
   increasing. However, the limitations in age-composition data, potential
   problems related to misinterpretation of age readings along with the
   existence of missing values in the survey data seem to favour the
   two-stage biomass method, which is based on a simplified age structure.}},
Publisher = {{NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH}},
Address = {{AGHIOS KOSMAS, HELLINIKON, GR-16-604, GREECE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Giannoulaki, M (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Biol Resources, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, POB 2214, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece.
   Giannoulaki, M.; Machias, A.; Somarakis, S., Inst Marine Biol Resources, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece.
   Ibaibarriaga, L., AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.
   Antonakakis, K., Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Iraklion 71409, Greece.
   Uriarte, A.; Sanchez, S., AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Spain.
   Roel, B. A., Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
ISSN = {{1108-393X}},
Keywords = {{Anchovy; Integrated Catch at Age Analysis; Bayesian; stock assessment;
   two-stage biomass-based model}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SARDINE SARDINA-PILCHARDUS; SMALL PELAGIC FISH; ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS;
   BISCAY ANCHOVY; NATURAL MORTALITY; REFERENCE POINTS; FISHERIES; BIOMASS;
   MANAGEMENT; BAY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Geology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine \& Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{marianna@hcmr.gr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ibaibarriaga, Leire/C-2483-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ibaibarriaga, Leire/0000-0001-5619-1174}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Greek National Fisheries Data Collection Program; European Commission
   {[}FP6 - 44294]}},
Funding-Text = {{The study was partially supported and financed by the Greek National
   Fisheries Data Collection Program, the European Commission ({''}SARDONE:
   Improving assessment and management of small pelagic species in the
   Mediterranean'', FP6 - 44294). We wish to thank the captain and the crew
   of RV ``Philia'' as well as all the scientists on board for their
   assistance during the surveys. Moreover, we feel the need to thank Mark
   Payne for his help with the FLICA code in FLR.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mediterr. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AL3SI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000339048900011}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Two different stock assessment models were applied to the North Aegean Sea anchovy stock (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): an Integrated Catch at age Analysis and a Bayesian two-stage biomass based model. Commercial catch data over the period 2000-2008 as well as acoustics and Daily Egg Production Method estimates over the period 2003-2008 were used. The results of the two models were consistent, indicating that the anchovy stock is exploited sustainably in relation to an exploitation rate reference point. Furthermore, the stock biomass appears to be stable or increasing. However, the limitations in age-composition data, potential problems related to misinterpretation of age readings along with the existence of missing values in the survey data seem to favour the two-stage biomass method, which is based on a simplified age structure.

@article{ ISI:000332887200001,
Author = {Siguroardottir, Sigriour and Johansson, Bjorn and Margeirsson, Sveinn
   and Vioarsson, Jonas R.},
Title = {{Assessing the Impact of Policy Changes in the Icelandic Cod Fishery
   Using a Hybrid Simulation Model}},
Journal = {{SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL}},
Year = {{2014}},
Abstract = {{Most of the Icelandic cod is caught in bottom trawlers or longliners.
   These two fishing methods are fundamentally different and have different
   economic, environmental, and even social effects. In this paper we
   present a hybrid-simulation framework to assess the impact of changing
   the ratio between cod quota allocated to vessels with longlines and
   vessels with bottom trawls. It makes use of conventional bioeconomic
   models and discrete event modelling and provides a framework for
   simulating life cycle assessment (LCA) for a cod fishery. The model
   consists of two submodels, a system dynamics model describing the
   biological aspect of the fishery and a discrete event model for fishing
   activities. The model was run multiple times for different quota
   allocation scenarios and results are presented where different scenarios
   are presented in the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental,
   social, and economic. The optimal allocation strategy depends on
   weighing the three different factors. The results were encouraging
   first-steps towards a useful modelling method but the study would
   benefit greatly from better data on fishing activities.}},
Publisher = {{HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP}},
Address = {{315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Siguroardottir, S (Reprint Author), Univ Iceland, Fac Ind Engn Mech Engn \& Comp Sci, Hjaroarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   Siguroardottir, Sigriour, Univ Iceland, Fac Ind Engn Mech Engn \& Comp Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   Siguroardottir, Sigriour; Margeirsson, Sveinn; Vioarsson, Jonas R., Matis, Iceland Food \& Biotechnol Res, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   Johansson, Bjorn, Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.}},
DOI = {{10.1155/2014/707943}},
Article-Number = {{707943}},
ISSN = {{1537-744X}},
Keywords-Plus = {{LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; SYSTEM DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; EXPERIENCE; NORWAY;
   TOOLS; LCA}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sigridursig@matis.is}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807
   Margeirsson, Sveinn/0000-0001-5190-7970}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Matis through the EcoFishMan Project {[}FP7-KBBE-2010-4]; ProViking
   through the EcoProIT Project; VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation
   Systems)}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge support from Matis through the
   EcoFishMan Project (FP7-KBBE-2010-4) and ProViking through the EcoProIT
   Project and VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems). This work
   has been carried out within the Sustainable Production Initiative and
   the Production Area of Advance at Chalmers. The support is gratefully
   acknowledged.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci. World J.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AC9XD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000332887200001}},
OA = {{gold}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Most of the Icelandic cod is caught in bottom trawlers or longliners. These two fishing methods are fundamentally different and have different economic, environmental, and even social effects. In this paper we present a hybrid-simulation framework to assess the impact of changing the ratio between cod quota allocated to vessels with longlines and vessels with bottom trawls. It makes use of conventional bioeconomic models and discrete event modelling and provides a framework for simulating life cycle assessment (LCA) for a cod fishery. The model consists of two submodels, a system dynamics model describing the biological aspect of the fishery and a discrete event model for fishing activities. The model was run multiple times for different quota allocation scenarios and results are presented where different scenarios are presented in the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. The optimal allocation strategy depends on weighing the three different factors. The results were encouraging first-steps towards a useful modelling method but the study would benefit greatly from better data on fishing activities.

@article{GIANNOULAKI2014,
  doi = {10.12681/mms.509},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.509},
  year  = {2014},
  month = {may},
  publisher = {National Documentation Centre},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {350},
  author = {M. GIANNOULAKI and L. IBAIBARRIAGA and K. ANTONAKAKIS and A. URIARTE and A. MACHIAS and S. SOMARAKIS and S. SANCHEZ and B. A. ROEL},
  title = {Applying a two-stage Bayesian dynamic model to a short lived species,  the anchovy in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Comparison with an Integrated Catch at Age stock assessment model.},
  journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}
}

@article{ ISI:000322055400022,
Author = {Pascoe, Sean and Hutton, Trevor and van Putten, Ingrid and Dennis,
   Darren and Skewes, Tim and Plaganyi, Eva and Deng, Roy},
Title = {{DEA-based predictors for estimating fleet size changes when modelling
   the introduction of rights-based management}},
Journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{230}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{681-687}},
Month = {{NOV 1}},
Abstract = {{The introduction of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) into a fishery
   is going to change not only the amount of catch a fleet can take, but
   often also changes the fleet structure, particularly if total allowable
   catches are decreased. This can have an impact on the economic, social
   and environmental outcomes of fisheries management. Management Strategy
   Evaluation (MSE) modelling approaches are recognised as the most
   appropriate method for assessing impacts of management, but these
   require information as to how fleets may change under different
   management systems. In this study, we test the applicability of data
   envelopment analysis (DEA) based performance measures as predictors of
   how a fishing fleet might change under the introduction of ITQs and also
   at different levels of quota. In particular, we test the assumption that
   technical efficiency and capacity utilisation are suitable predictors of
   which boats are likely to exit the fishery. We also consider scale
   efficiency as an alternative predictor. We apply the analysis to the
   Torres Strait tropical rock lobster fishery that is transitioning to an
   ITQ-based management system for one sector of the fishery. The results
   indicate that capacity utilisation, technical efficiency and scale
   efficiency are reasonable indicators of who may remain in the fishery
   post ITQs. We find that the use of these measures to estimate the
   impacts of lower quota levels provides consistent fleet size estimates
   at the aggregate level, but which individual vessels are predicted to
   exit is dependent on the measure used. Crown Copyright (C) 2013
   Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pascoe, S (Reprint Author), CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   Pascoe, Sean; Hutton, Trevor; Dennis, Darren; Skewes, Tim; Plaganyi, Eva; Deng, Roy, CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   Pascoe, Sean; Hutton, Trevor; Dennis, Darren; Skewes, Tim; Plaganyi, Eva; Deng, Roy, Wealth Oceans Flagship, EcoSci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
   van Putten, Ingrid, CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   van Putten, Ingrid, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ejor.2013.04.054}},
ISSN = {{0377-2217}},
Keywords = {{Data envelopment analysis; Management strategy evaluation; Fleet
   behaviour; Individual transferable quotas}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; CAPACITY UTILIZATION; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY;
   FISHING CAPACITY; TRAWL FLEET; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR; ENTRY; EXIT;
   INVESTMENT}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Operations Research \& Management Science}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Management; Operations Research \& Management Science}},
Author-Email = {{sean.pascoe@csiro.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pascoe, Sean/D-9710-2011
   Plaganyi, Eva/C-5130-2011
   Skewes, Timothy/N-9530-2015
   Hutton, Trevor/E-3066-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Pascoe, Sean/0000-0001-6581-2649
   Plaganyi, Eva/0000-0002-4740-4200
   Skewes, Timothy/0000-0002-8972-6734
   Hutton, Trevor/0000-0002-8747-6196}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CSIRO Wealth from Oceans; AFMA}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was undertaken as part of the joint CSIRO Wealth from Oceans
   and AFMA funded Project ``An Integrated Management Strategy Evaluation
   (MSE) for the Torres Strait tropical rock lobster population{''}. The
   authors would like to thank Vincent Huang (QUT) and the two anonymous
   reviewers for comments on the earlier draft of the paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
Journal-ISO = {{Eur. J. Oper. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{186PA}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322055400022}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The introduction of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) into a fishery is going to change not only the amount of catch a fleet can take, but often also changes the fleet structure, particularly if total allowable catches are decreased. This can have an impact on the economic, social and environmental outcomes of fisheries management. Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) modelling approaches are recognised as the most appropriate method for assessing impacts of management, but these require information as to how fleets may change under different management systems. In this study, we test the applicability of data envelopment analysis (DEA) based performance measures as predictors of how a fishing fleet might change under the introduction of ITQs and also at different levels of quota. In particular, we test the assumption that technical efficiency and capacity utilisation are suitable predictors of which boats are likely to exit the fishery. We also consider scale efficiency as an alternative predictor. We apply the analysis to the Torres Strait tropical rock lobster fishery that is transitioning to an ITQ-based management system for one sector of the fishery. The results indicate that capacity utilisation, technical efficiency and scale efficiency are reasonable indicators of who may remain in the fishery post ITQs. We find that the use of these measures to estimate the impacts of lower quota levels provides consistent fleet size estimates at the aggregate level, but which individual vessels are predicted to exit is dependent on the measure used. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000320357800008,
Author = {Bogstad, Bjarte and Dingsor, Gjert Endre and Ingvaldsen, Randi B. and
   Gjosaeter, Harald},
Title = {{Changes in the relationship between sea temperature and recruitment of
   cod, haddock and herring in the Barents Sea}},
Journal = {{MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{9, SI}},
Pages = {{895-907}},
Month = {{NOV 1}},
Abstract = {{Cod, haddock and herring in the Barents Sea have strongly variable
   recruitment. For these three stocks, earlier studies have suggested a
   high correlation between their recruitment and a positive relationship
   between high temperatures and good recruitment. These hypotheses were
   revisited using stock assessment and temperature data for the period
   1913-present. The cod-haddock and herring-haddock recruitment
   correlations were both significant and positive in some periods, but
   became insignificant towards the end of the period. Cod and herring
   recruitment was not significantly correlated. Recruitment variability
   was found to decline towards the end of the period for all species, in
   particular for cod. For all three stocks there is a significant positive
   relationship between recruitment and temperature; this relationship is
   strongest for haddock and weakest for herring. Recruitment was found to
   be low at low temperatures and variable at medium/high temperatures
   during the first year of life for all three species. Temperature during
   the first winter of life correlates positively with haddock and cod
   recruitment residuals. This correlation is weakened towards the end of
   the period for cod, but stays high for haddock. Temperature during the
   first summer of life correlates positively with herring recruitment
   during some parts of the period, but also this correlation is weakened
   towards the end of the period.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS AS}},
Address = {{KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bogstad, B (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Bogstad, Bjarte; Dingsor, Gjert Endre; Ingvaldsen, Randi B.; Gjosaeter, Harald, Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/17451000.2013.775451}},
ISSN = {{1745-1000}},
EISSN = {{1745-1019}},
Keywords = {{Barents Sea; recruitment; cod; haddock; herring; temperature}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; GADUS-MORHUA; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SPAWNING STOCK;
   CLASS STRENGTH; NORWEGIAN COD; ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{bjarte.bogstad@imr.no}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gjosaeter, Harald/0000-0001-7694-6503}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU project Forage Fish Interactions (FACTS) {[}244966]; Norwegian
   Research Council project BARECORE; Norwegian Research Council project
   ADMAR (NFR) {[}200497/I30]}},
Funding-Text = {{PINRO, Murmansk, are thanked for kindly providing us with the sea
   temperature data from the Kola section. We thank Kjell H. Nedreaas and
   Arvid Hylen for making available for our analysis the VPA data for the
   years before 1946 described in Hylen (2002). Bjarte Bogstad has been
   supported by the EU project Forage Fish Interactions (FACTS, Grant no.
   244966). Randi Ingvaldsen and Harald Gjosaeter have been supported by
   the Norwegian Research Council project BARECORE. Gjert E. Dingsor has
   been supported by the Norwegian Research Council project ADMAR (NFR
   project no. 200497/I30). We thank two anonymous referees and the editor
   for constructive comments.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{63}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Biol. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{163SS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000320357800008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Cod, haddock and herring in the Barents Sea have strongly variable recruitment. For these three stocks, earlier studies have suggested a high correlation between their recruitment and a positive relationship between high temperatures and good recruitment. These hypotheses were revisited using stock assessment and temperature data for the period 1913-present. The cod-haddock and herring-haddock recruitment correlations were both significant and positive in some periods, but became insignificant towards the end of the period. Cod and herring recruitment was not significantly correlated. Recruitment variability was found to decline towards the end of the period for all species, in particular for cod. For all three stocks there is a significant positive relationship between recruitment and temperature; this relationship is strongest for haddock and weakest for herring. Recruitment was found to be low at low temperatures and variable at medium/high temperatures during the first year of life for all three species. Temperature during the first winter of life correlates positively with haddock and cod recruitment residuals. This correlation is weakened towards the end of the period for cod, but stays high for haddock. Temperature during the first summer of life correlates positively with herring recruitment during some parts of the period, but also this correlation is weakened towards the end of the period.

@article{ ISI:000328896400010,
Author = {Garcia, Dorleta and Urtizberea, Agurtzane and Diez, Guzman and Gil, Juan
   and Marchal, Paul},
Title = {{Bio-economic management strategy evaluation of deepwater stocks using
   the FLBEIA model}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{26}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{365-U3382}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Deepwater fish are characterized by long lifespans, late maturity and
   low productivity. This implies slow recovery from low biomass levels and
   it is, therefore, important to manage these stocks correctly to avoid
   overfishing. However, these stocks are generally data poor, which it
   makes difficult to apply quantitative assessment models on which to base
   their management. The management strategy evaluation (MSE) approach
   consists in evaluating the performance of management strategies by
   simulation before their implementation. In the evaluation, the main
   sources of uncertainty in a fishery system and its management process
   should be taken into account in order to find robust management
   strategies. Thus, the MSE approach is relevant to the management of
   data-poor stocks. We used the FLBEIA software, an FLR library coded in
   the R statistical language, to conduct a bio-economic impact assessment
   of fisheries management strategies. We evaluated the performance of
   several management strategies in three different deepwater case studies
   using the MSE approach: beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) in the
   Norwegian Sea, blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of
   Gibraltar, and French mixed deepwater fisheries in the North East
   Atlantic. In conclusion, we found that the S. mentella stock is very
   sensitive to the stock recruitment relationship chosen. For P.
   bogaraveo, simulations showed that the present constant catch management
   is as good as more sophisticated strategies. Finally, in mixed
   fisheries, case study fleet dynamics were key for the success of
   management strategies}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Garcia, D (Reprint Author), AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Txatxarramendi S-N, Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain.
   Garcia, Dorleta; Urtizberea, Agurtzane; Diez, Guzman, AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain.
   Gil, Juan, Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Cadiz 11006, Spain.
   Marchal, Paul, IFREMER, Channel \& North Sea Fisheries Dept, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2013069}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
EISSN = {{1765-2952}},
Keywords = {{Bio-economic modelling; Deep-sea fisheries; Harvest control rules;
   Management strategy evaluation; Norway; Bay of Biscay; Gibraltar;
   Atlantic Ocean}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MIXED-FISHERIES; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; SEBASTES-MENTELLA; FLEET DYNAMICS;
   SEA; FRAMEWORK; REDFISH; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; LESSONS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{dgarcia@azti.es}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Marchal, Paul/0000-0003-2047-4599}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities under the DEEPFISHMAN {[}227390];
   Basque Country Government (Environment, Territorial Planning,
   Agriculture and Fisheries Department)}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was carried out with financial support from the Commission of
   the European Communities under the DEEPFISHMAN project (Grant agreement
   No. 227390) and from the Basque Country Government (Environment,
   Territorial Planning, Agriculture and Fisheries Department). The authors
   are very grateful to Fernando Gonzalez from Instituto Espanol de
   Oceanografia (Vigo, Spain), Sonia Sanchez and Eider Andonegi from
   AZTI-Tecnalia (Spain) and Benjamin Planque from Institute of Marine
   Research (Norway) for their valuable help in P. bogaraveo and S.
   mentella case studies. This is paper number 631 from the Marine Research
   Division (AZTI-Tecnalia).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{278NG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000328896400010}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Deepwater fish are characterized by long lifespans, late maturity and low productivity. This implies slow recovery from low biomass levels and it is, therefore, important to manage these stocks correctly to avoid overfishing. However, these stocks are generally data poor, which it makes difficult to apply quantitative assessment models on which to base their management. The management strategy evaluation (MSE) approach consists in evaluating the performance of management strategies by simulation before their implementation. In the evaluation, the main sources of uncertainty in a fishery system and its management process should be taken into account in order to find robust management strategies. Thus, the MSE approach is relevant to the management of data-poor stocks. We used the FLBEIA software, an FLR library coded in the R statistical language, to conduct a bio-economic impact assessment of fisheries management strategies. We evaluated the performance of several management strategies in three different deepwater case studies using the MSE approach: beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) in the Norwegian Sea, blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of Gibraltar, and French mixed deepwater fisheries in the North East Atlantic. In conclusion, we found that the S. mentella stock is very sensitive to the stock recruitment relationship chosen. For P. bogaraveo, simulations showed that the present constant catch management is as good as more sophisticated strategies. Finally, in mixed fisheries, case study fleet dynamics were key for the success of management strategies

@article{ ISI:000323635600002,
Author = {Brander, Keith and Neuheimer, Anna and Andersen, Ken Haste and Hartvig,
   Martin},
Title = {{Overconfidence in model projections}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{70}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1065-1068}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{There is considerable public and political interest in the state of
   marine ecosystems and fisheries, but the reliability of some recent
   projections has been called into question. New information about
   declining fish stocks, loss of biodiversity, climate impacts, and
   management failure is frequently reported in the major news media, based
   on publications in prominent scientific journals. Public and political
   awareness of the generally negative changes taking place in marine
   ecosystems is welcome, especially if it results in effective remedial
   action, but the scientific basis for such action must be reliable and
   uncertainties arising from models and data shortcomings must be
   presented fully and transparently. Scientific journals play an important
   role and should require more detailed analysis and presentation of
   uncertainties.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Brander, K (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark Charlottenlund Castle, Ctr Ocean Life, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Brander, Keith; Andersen, Ken Haste; Hartvig, Martin, Tech Univ Denmark Charlottenlund Castle, Ctr Ocean Life, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Neuheimer, Anna, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean \& Earth Sci \& Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   Hartvig, Martin, Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut \& Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fst055}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{climate; fisheries; marine ecosystems; model reliability; projections}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH;
   COMMUNITIES; UNCERTAINTY; OCEAN; CATCH; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{kbr@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012
   publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
Times-Cited = {{20}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{207WO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000323635600002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

There is considerable public and political interest in the state of marine ecosystems and fisheries, but the reliability of some recent projections has been called into question. New information about declining fish stocks, loss of biodiversity, climate impacts, and management failure is frequently reported in the major news media, based on publications in prominent scientific journals. Public and political awareness of the generally negative changes taking place in marine ecosystems is welcome, especially if it results in effective remedial action, but the scientific basis for such action must be reliable and uncertainties arising from models and data shortcomings must be presented fully and transparently. Scientific journals play an important role and should require more detailed analysis and presentation of uncertainties.

@article{ ISI:000321762900026,
Author = {Dichmont, Catherine M. and Ellis, Nick and Bustamante, Rodrigo H. and
   Deng, Roy and Tickell, Sharon and Pascual, Ricardo and Lozano-Montes,
   Hector and Griffiths, Shane},
Title = {{Evaluating marine spatial closures with conflicting fisheries and
   conservation objectives}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{50}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1060-1070}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{1. Spatial management is used extensively in natural resource management
   to address sustainability and biodiversity issues, for example through
   declaration of terrestrial National Parks and marine protected areas
   (MPAs).
   2. Spatial management is used also to optimize yields or protect key
   parts of the life cycle of species that are utilized (hunted, farmed or
   fished), for example through rotational harvesting.
   3. To evaluate the effectiveness of marine spatial closures with
   conflicting fisheries and conservation objectives, a series of marine
   fisheries closures are here analysed using an integrative modelling tool
   known as management strategy evaluation (MSE).
   4. This modelling framework combines a food web model of a tropical
   ecosystem fished by a prawn (shrimp) fishery that emulates the resource
   being managed, together with the present management system and
   risk-based tools of fishing the prawn species at maximum economic yield.
   5. A series of spatial closures are designed and tested with the aim of
   investigating trade-offs among biodiversity (MPA), benthic impacts,
   ecosystem function, key species at risk to fishing, economic and
   sustainability objectives.
   6. Synthesis and applications. This paper illustrates that existing
   tools often available in actively managed fisheries can be linked
   together into an effective management strategy evaluation framework.
   Spatial closures tended to succeed with respect to their specific design
   objective, but this benefit did not necessarily flow to other
   broad-scale objectives. This demonstrates that there is no single
   management tool which satisfies all objectives, and that a suite of
   management tools is needed.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dichmont, CM (Reprint Author), CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Ecosci Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia.
   Dichmont, Catherine M.; Ellis, Nick; Bustamante, Rodrigo H.; Deng, Roy; Tickell, Sharon; Pascual, Ricardo; Griffiths, Shane, CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Ecosci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia.
   Lozano-Montes, Hector, CSIRO Wealth Ocean Flagship, Ctr Environm \& Life Sci, Floreat, WA, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12110}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
Keywords = {{benthic impacts; conflicting management objectives; ecosystem; effects
   of trawling; management strategy evaluation; marine protected areas;
   risk assessment; threatened and endangered species; trade-offs}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEM OBJECTIVES;
   TRAWL FISHERY; AUSTRALIA; BYCATCH; SUSTAINABILITY; IMPACTS; DIVERSITY;
   ECONOMICS}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{cathy.dichmont@csiro.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ellis, Nick/B-4310-2009
   Dichmont, Catherine/A-9528-2008
   Pascual, Ricardo/A-2846-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ellis, Nick/0000-0001-8761-5128
   }},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian National Facility; Australian Fisheries Research and
   Development Corporation (FRDC) {[}2005/050]; Australia's Department of
   the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts (DEWHA); CSIRO Wealth from
   Oceans}},
Funding-Text = {{We are grateful for the support provided by the Australian National
   Facility, and we thank the fishing, scientific and electronic crews of
   the R. V. Southern Surveyor for making the research voyage and sample
   collection possible. Several CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric staff are
   thanked for their assistance in this study: G. Fry, T. Okey, J. Salini,
   S. Cheers, R. Pendrey and S. Pardo for their contribution to sample
   collection and processing; D. Milton and S. Blaber for editing the
   original report manuscript; P. Bayliss and M. Haywood the draft
   manuscript. This research was funded in part by the Australian Fisheries
   Research and Development Corporation (FRDC; Project 2005/050),
   Australia's Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts
   (DEWHA) and CSIRO Wealth from Oceans.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
Times-Cited = {{25}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{93}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{182RX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000321762900026}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

1. Spatial management is used extensively in natural resource management to address sustainability and biodiversity issues, for example through declaration of terrestrial National Parks and marine protected areas (MPAs). 2. Spatial management is used also to optimize yields or protect key parts of the life cycle of species that are utilized (hunted, farmed or fished), for example through rotational harvesting. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of marine spatial closures with conflicting fisheries and conservation objectives, a series of marine fisheries closures are here analysed using an integrative modelling tool known as management strategy evaluation (MSE). 4. This modelling framework combines a food web model of a tropical ecosystem fished by a prawn (shrimp) fishery that emulates the resource being managed, together with the present management system and risk-based tools of fishing the prawn species at maximum economic yield. 5. A series of spatial closures are designed and tested with the aim of investigating trade-offs among biodiversity (MPA), benthic impacts, ecosystem function, key species at risk to fishing, economic and sustainability objectives. 6. Synthesis and applications. This paper illustrates that existing tools often available in actively managed fisheries can be linked together into an effective management strategy evaluation framework. Spatial closures tended to succeed with respect to their specific design objective, but this benefit did not necessarily flow to other broad-scale objectives. This demonstrates that there is no single management tool which satisfies all objectives, and that a suite of management tools is needed.

@article{ ISI:000321057000007,
Author = {Marchal, Paul and Vermard, Youen},
Title = {{Evaluating deepwater fisheries management strategies using a
   mixed-fisheries and spatially explicit modelling framework}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{70}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{768-781}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Wehave used in this study a spatially explicit bioeconomic modelling
   framework to evaluate management strategies, building in both datarich
   and data-limited harvest control rules (HCRs), for a mix of deepwater
   fleets and species, on which information is variable. The main focus was
   on blue ling (Molva dypterygia). For that species, both data-rich and
   data-limited HCRs were tested, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) was
   used either to tune stock assessments, or to directly trigger management
   action. There were only limited differences between the performances of
   both HCRs when blue ling biomass was initialized at the current level,
   but blue ling recovered more quickly with the data-rich HCR when its
   initial biomass was severely depleted. Both types of HCR lead, on
   average, to a long-term recovery of both blue ling and saithe
   (Pollachius virens) stocks, and some increase in overall profit.
   However, that improvement is not sufficient to guarantee sustainable
   exploitation with a high probability. Blue ling CPUE did not always
   adequately reflect trends in biomass, which mainly resulted from fleet
   dynamics, possibly in combination with density-dependence. The stock
   dynamics of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris), black
   scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) and deepwater sharks (Centrophorus
   squamosus and Centroscymnus coelolepis) were little affected by the type
   of HCR chosen to manage blue ling.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Marchal, P (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Channel \& North Sea Fisheries Dept, 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne S Mer, France.
   Marchal, Paul; Vermard, Youen, IFREMER, Channel \& North Sea Fisheries Dept, F-62321 Boulogne S Mer, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fst073}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{bioeconomic model; catch per unit effort; fleet dynamics; harvest
   control rules; management strategy evaluation; mixed fisheries}},
Keywords-Plus = {{JASUS-EDWARDSII STOCK; HARVEST CONTROL RULE; DATA-POOR FISHERIES; COD
   GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA; FISHING POWER; NEW-ZEALAND; ISIS-FISH; CATCH;
   AUSTRALIA}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{paul.marchal@ifremer.fr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Marchal, Paul/0000-0003-2047-4599
   Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities under the DEEPFISHMAN project
   {[}227390]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was carried out with financial support from the Commission of
   the European Communities under the DEEPFISHMAN project (grant agreement
   No. 227390). This support is gratefully acknowledged.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{173CZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000321057000007}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Wehave used in this study a spatially explicit bioeconomic modelling framework to evaluate management strategies, building in both datarich and data-limited harvest control rules (HCRs), for a mix of deepwater fleets and species, on which information is variable. The main focus was on blue ling (Molva dypterygia). For that species, both data-rich and data-limited HCRs were tested, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used either to tune stock assessments, or to directly trigger management action. There were only limited differences between the performances of both HCRs when blue ling biomass was initialized at the current level, but blue ling recovered more quickly with the data-rich HCR when its initial biomass was severely depleted. Both types of HCR lead, on average, to a long-term recovery of both blue ling and saithe (Pollachius virens) stocks, and some increase in overall profit. However, that improvement is not sufficient to guarantee sustainable exploitation with a high probability. Blue ling CPUE did not always adequately reflect trends in biomass, which mainly resulted from fleet dynamics, possibly in combination with density-dependence. The stock dynamics of roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris), black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) and deepwater sharks (Centrophorus squamosus and Centroscymnus coelolepis) were little affected by the type of HCR chosen to manage blue ling.

@article{ ISI:000313769600045,
Author = {de Bruyn, Paul and Murua, Hilario and Aranda, Martin},
Title = {{The Precautionary approach to fisheries management: How this is taken
   into account by Tuna regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs)}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{38}},
Pages = {{397-406}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{For several decades it has been acknowledged that there is an urgent
   need for new approaches to fisheries management, embracing conservation
   and environmental considerations. The voluntary Code of Conduct on
   Responsible Fishing and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement provide
   the formal basis for the Precautionary Approach to fisheries management.
   Some tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations such as the WCPFC
   and IATTC make explicit mention of these codes in their conventions,
   whilst others, whose conventions do not explicitly address the
   Precautionary Approach, are searching for ways in which to take these
   codes into consideration. In practical terms, the scientific obligations
   to Precautionary Approaches are to determine the status of the stock(s)
   relative to limit and target reference points, to predict outcomes of
   management alternatives for reaching the targets and avoiding the
   limits, and to characterise the uncertainty in both cases. A convenient
   framework to conduct management evaluations is through the use of
   harvest control rules, for which managers agree on specific management
   actions under their control which are evoked according to levels of
   stock status relative to predefined reference points. These pre-agreed
   management actions are then simulated for a range of scenarios. This
   paper presents the ways in which tuna RFMOs are currently incorporating
   the precautionary approach in their fisheries management as well as
   suggestions for possible best practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{de Bruyn, P (Reprint Author), ICCAT, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   de Bruyn, Paul; Murua, Hilario; Aranda, Martin, AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20100, Basque Country, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2012.06.019}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
Keywords = {{Precautionary approach; Tuna RFMOs; Uncertainty; Reference points}},
Keywords-Plus = {{REAL OPTIONS; STRATEGIES; FRAMEWORK; ADVICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{paul.debruyn@iccat.int}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{073UW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000313769600045}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

For several decades it has been acknowledged that there is an urgent need for new approaches to fisheries management, embracing conservation and environmental considerations. The voluntary Code of Conduct on Responsible Fishing and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement provide the formal basis for the Precautionary Approach to fisheries management. Some tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations such as the WCPFC and IATTC make explicit mention of these codes in their conventions, whilst others, whose conventions do not explicitly address the Precautionary Approach, are searching for ways in which to take these codes into consideration. In practical terms, the scientific obligations to Precautionary Approaches are to determine the status of the stock(s) relative to limit and target reference points, to predict outcomes of management alternatives for reaching the targets and avoiding the limits, and to characterise the uncertainty in both cases. A convenient framework to conduct management evaluations is through the use of harvest control rules, for which managers agree on specific management actions under their control which are evoked according to levels of stock status relative to predefined reference points. These pre-agreed management actions are then simulated for a range of scenarios. This paper presents the ways in which tuna RFMOs are currently incorporating the precautionary approach in their fisheries management as well as suggestions for possible best practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000315843300006,
Author = {Gourguet, S. and Macher, C. and Doyen, L. and Thebaud, O. and Bertignac,
   M. and Guyader, O.},
Title = {{Managing mixed fisheries for bio-economic viability}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{140}},
Pages = {{46-62}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Management of fisheries for sustainability requires dealing with
   multiple and often conflicting objectives. A stochastic viability
   approach is proposed to address the trade-offs associated with balancing
   ecological, economic and social objectives in regulating mixed
   fisheries, taking into account the complexity and uncertainty of the
   dynamic interactions which characterize such fisheries. We focus on the
   demersal fishery in the Bay of Biscay and more specifically on the
   fleets harvesting Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), Hake (Merluccius
   merluccius) and Sole (Solea solea). A bio-economic multi-species and
   multi-fleet model with technical interactions is developed to examine
   the trade-offs between preserving Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) of every
   species and maintaining the economic profitability of the various
   fishing fleets. Different management strategies are tested and compared.
   Results suggest that ensuring viability of this demersal fishery
   requires a significant decrease in fishing capacity as compared to the
   reference year. The simulations allow comparing the trade-offs
   associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets.
   (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Gourguet, S (Reprint Author), CERSP UMR 7204, MNHN, CP 51,55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France.
   Gourguet, S.; Doyen, L., CERSP UMR 7204, CNRS MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France.
   Gourguet, S.; Macher, C.; Thebaud, O.; Guyader, O., IFREMER, UMR AMURE, Dept Econ Maritime, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
   Gourguet, S.; Thebaud, O., CSIRO, Marine \& Atmospher Res, Ecosci Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia.
   Bertignac, M., IFREMER, Dept Sci \& Technol Halieut, Lab Biol Pecheries, F-29280 Plouzane, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.005}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Bay of Biscay; Bio-economic model; Co-viability; Fisheries; Uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS FISHERY; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; STOCHASTIC
   VIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; MANAGEMENT; BISCAY; BAY; MODEL;
   CONSERVATION; PERSPECTIVE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{sophie.gourguet@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Thebaud, Olivier/D-9792-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Thebaud, Olivier/0000-0001-8665-3827
   Macher, Claire/0000-0001-9307-6562
   Gourguet, Sophie/0000-0002-1565-4053
   doyen, luc/0000-0001-8272-6187}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{French Research Agency ANR (Agence National pour la Recherche)}},
Funding-Text = {{This work has been carried out with the support of the French Research
   Agency ANR (Agence National pour la Recherche) through the research
   program entitled Adhoc. We are grateful to Mathieu Merzereaud and
   Christelle Le Grand for data analyses and to two anonymous reviewers for
   their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
Times-Cited = {{15}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{102KK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315843300006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Management of fisheries for sustainability requires dealing with multiple and often conflicting objectives. A stochastic viability approach is proposed to address the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives in regulating mixed fisheries, taking into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize such fisheries. We focus on the demersal fishery in the Bay of Biscay and more specifically on the fleets harvesting Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), Hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Sole (Solea solea). A bio-economic multi-species and multi-fleet model with technical interactions is developed to examine the trade-offs between preserving Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) of every species and maintaining the economic profitability of the various fishing fleets. Different management strategies are tested and compared. Results suggest that ensuring viability of this demersal fishery requires a significant decrease in fishing capacity as compared to the reference year. The simulations allow comparing the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000312468900006,
Author = {Ulrich, Clara and Wilson, Douglas C. K. and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and
   Bastardie, Francois and Reeves, Stuart A. and Andersen, Bo S. and
   Eigaard, Ole R.},
Title = {{Challenges and opportunities for fleet- and metier-based approaches for
   fisheries management under the European Common Fishery Policy}},
Journal = {{OCEAN \& COASTAL MANAGEMENT}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{70}},
Number = {{SI}},
Pages = {{38-47}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The inconsistency of single-species objectives in a mixed-fisheries
   context has repeatedly been highlighted as a key issue in the current
   European Common Fishery Policy, and it has long been suggested that this
   issue would be better addressed through fleet (group of vessels) and m
   tier (type of activity) - based approaches. Since the late 1980s. when
   such approaches were first introduced, there have been substantial
   developments in this area of science, to the point where the concepts of
   fleet and m tier now underpin the whole EC Data Collection Framework.
   However, their implementation in the management system has been slow and
   difficult, being hampered by a number of intrinsic issues. Mixed
   fisheries are an ongoing ``governance headache{''} combining management
   complexity, scientific uncertainty and political sensitivity.
   This paper summarises the current state of play for fleet-based
   approaches in EU fisheries management, and highlights our views on both
   their potential and the challenges they face in the context of the
   future CFP. As a convenient layer between the current single-stock level
   and the level of the individual vessel, fleet/metier- approaches could
   potentially address a wide range of issues, especially with regards to
   the policy emphasis on ecosystem-based fisheries management. However,
   the rigid categorisation they induce may not properly address the
   flexibility of individual vessels, and should therefore be supplemented
   by more detailed considerations at the local scale. (C) 2012 Elsevier
   Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ulrich, C (Reprint Author), DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Bastardie, Francois; Eigaard, Ole R., DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Wilson, Douglas C. K., IFM AAU, Dept Dev \& Planning, DK-9220 Aalborg O, Denmark.
   Reeves, Stuart A., Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Andersen, Bo S., DTU Aqua N Sea Sci Pk, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.06.002}},
ISSN = {{0964-5691}},
EISSN = {{1873-524X}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHING EFFORT; FAROE-ISLANDS; TECHNOLOGICAL-DEVELOPMENT; DEMERSAL
   FISHERIES; MARINE FISHERIES; MIXED FISHERY; NORTH-SEA; BEHAVIOR;
   SIMULATION; SELECTION}},
Research-Areas = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Author-Email = {{clu@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Eigaard, Ole Ritzau/0000-0003-4213-2397}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU}},
Funding-Text = {{This paper summarizes some personal experience and thoughts that the
   authors have developed among other through participating in a number of
   EU-funded projects with multi-disciplinary scientific networks of
   excellence (and in particular EU FP6 EFIMAS and AFRAME), as well as in
   various ICES and STECF Working Groups, and this continuous financial
   support is gratefully acknowledged. However, the authors' views do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{81}},
Times-Cited = {{17}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ocean Coastal Manage.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{056DP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000312468900006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The inconsistency of single-species objectives in a mixed-fisheries context has repeatedly been highlighted as a key issue in the current European Common Fishery Policy, and it has long been suggested that this issue would be better addressed through fleet (group of vessels) and m tier (type of activity) - based approaches. Since the late 1980s. when such approaches were first introduced, there have been substantial developments in this area of science, to the point where the concepts of fleet and m tier now underpin the whole EC Data Collection Framework. However, their implementation in the management system has been slow and difficult, being hampered by a number of intrinsic issues. Mixed fisheries are an ongoing ``governance headache'' combining management complexity, scientific uncertainty and political sensitivity. This paper summarises the current state of play for fleet-based approaches in EU fisheries management, and highlights our views on both their potential and the challenges they face in the context of the future CFP. As a convenient layer between the current single-stock level and the level of the individual vessel, fleet/metier- approaches could potentially address a wide range of issues, especially with regards to the policy emphasis on ecosystem-based fisheries management. However, the rigid categorisation they induce may not properly address the flexibility of individual vessels, and should therefore be supplemented by more detailed considerations at the local scale. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000312468900007,
Author = {Da Rocha, Jose-Maria and Gutierrez, Maria-Jose and Cervino, Santiago and
   Antelo, Luis T.},
Title = {{``logMSY{''} and optimal harvesting control rules: New tools for the
   implementation of the European Common Fisheries Policy}},
Journal = {{OCEAN \& COASTAL MANAGEMENT}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{70}},
Number = {{SI}},
Pages = {{48-53}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) aims to
   restores and maintains fish resources at levels which can produce the
   maximum sustainable yield (MSY) not later than 2015. In this paper we
   show why if MSY is used as reference point, optimal management may
   entail pulse fishing. This means that current management of the European
   fisheries is based on metrics that may generate solutions that would not
   be accepted as feasible due to the large social costs implied. We
   discuss why changes in the metrics used to define the reference point
   (the logMSY) and/or optimal harvesting control rules that stabilize the
   employment and the biomass around the optimal stationary values are two
   possible solutions of this paradox. The European Union should take into
   account all these considerations for the CFP reform proposals. (C) 2012
   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Da Rocha, JM (Reprint Author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Cerdanyola Del, Spain.
   Da Rocha, Jose-Maria, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Cerdanyola Del, Spain.
   Da Rocha, Jose-Maria, Univ Vigo, RGEA, Bellaterra 08193, Cerdanyola Del, Spain.
   Gutierrez, Maria-Jose, Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Bilbao 48015, Spain.
   Cervino, Santiago, Ctr Oceanog Vigo, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Vigo 36200, Spain.
   Antelo, Luis T., CSIC, IIM, Proc Engn Grp, Vigo 36208, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.002}},
ISSN = {{0964-5691}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; MANAGEMENT
   STRATEGIES; FISH STOCKS; HAKE; SEA; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; COLLAPSE;
   BIOMASS}},
Research-Areas = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Oceanography; Water Resources}},
Author-Email = {{JoseMaria.DaRocha@uab.cat}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/C-1141-2009
   Antelo, Luis/C-9788-2015
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/0000-0003-3074-0854
   Antelo, Luis/0000-0002-5355-5523
   cervino, santiago/0000-0003-4146-0890}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ocean Coastal Manage.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{056DP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000312468900007}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) aims to restores and maintains fish resources at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) not later than 2015. In this paper we show why if MSY is used as reference point, optimal management may entail pulse fishing. This means that current management of the European fisheries is based on metrics that may generate solutions that would not be accepted as feasible due to the large social costs implied. We discuss why changes in the metrics used to define the reference point (the logMSY) and/or optimal harvesting control rules that stabilize the employment and the biomass around the optimal stationary values are two possible solutions of this paradox. The European Union should take into account all these considerations for the CFP reform proposals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000310599000002,
Author = {Hillary, R. M.},
Title = {{ASSESSING COMPONENTS OF UNCERTAINTY IN VPA ABUNDANCE AND MORTALITY
   ESTIMATES USING AN ALTERNATIVE EXPLOITATION RATE-BASED ALGORITHM}},
Journal = {{NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{574-598}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Using an exploitation rate (not fishing mortality) based virtual
   population analysis (VPA) algorithm, which is itself a generalization of
   the Pope approximation to the original VPA equations, I show how to
   derive variance estimates for the key VPA outputs (recruitment, SSB,
   exploitation rates) given variance information on the key inputs
   (catch-at-age/terminal exploitation rates). Given the alternative VPA
   algorithm permits closed-form solutions for the outputs in terms of the
   inputs, the delta method is employed to obtain the variance estimates,
   removing the need for complex simulation techniques. Using North Sea
   herring data as an example, the methods utility is demonstrated by
   exploring the impact of aging error in the catch data and tuning error
   on the precision of estimates of SSB, recruitment and exploitation
   rates, and the parameters of the stock-recruit relationship.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hillary, RM (Reprint Author), CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1939-7445.2011.00113.x}},
ISSN = {{0890-8575}},
EISSN = {{1939-7445}},
Keywords = {{Virtual population analysis; exploitation rate; catch-at-age;
   uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; COHORT
   ANALYSIS; CATCH EQUATION; AGE DATA; ERRORS; RECRUITMENT; VARIANCE;
   MODELS; TIME}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Mathematics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications}},
Author-Email = {{rich.hillary@csiro.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{Nat. Resour. Model.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{030VU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000310599000002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Using an exploitation rate (not fishing mortality) based virtual population analysis (VPA) algorithm, which is itself a generalization of the Pope approximation to the original VPA equations, I show how to derive variance estimates for the key VPA outputs (recruitment, SSB, exploitation rates) given variance information on the key inputs (catch-at-age/terminal exploitation rates). Given the alternative VPA algorithm permits closed-form solutions for the outputs in terms of the inputs, the delta method is employed to obtain the variance estimates, removing the need for complex simulation techniques. Using North Sea herring data as an example, the methods utility is demonstrated by exploring the impact of aging error in the catch data and tuning error on the precision of estimates of SSB, recruitment and exploitation rates, and the parameters of the stock-recruit relationship.

@article{ ISI:000305105800016,
Author = {Rockmann, Christine and Ulrich, Clara and Dreyer, Marion and Bell, Ewen
   and Borodzicz, Edward and Haapasaari, Paivi and Hauge, Kjellrun Hiis and
   Howell, Daniel and Mantyniemi, Samu and Miller, David and Tserpes,
   George and Pastoors, Martin},
Title = {{The added value of participatoly modelling in fisheries management -
   what has been learnt?}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{36}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1072-1085}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{How can uncertain fisheries science be linked with good governance
   processes, thereby increasing fisheries management legitimacy and
   effectiveness? Reducing the uncertainties around scientific models has
   long been perceived as the cure of the fisheries management problem.
   There is however increasing recognition that uncertainty in the numbers
   will remain. A lack of transparency with respect to these uncertainties
   can damage the credibility of science. The EU Commission's proposal for
   a reformed Common Fisheries Policy calls for more self-management for
   the fishing industry by increasing fishers' involvement in the planning
   and execution of policies and boosting the role of fishers'
   organisations. One way of higher transparency and improved participation
   is to include stakeholders in the modelling process itself. The JAKFISH
   project (Judgment And Knowledge in Fisheries Involving StakeHolders)
   invited fisheries stakeholders to participate in the process of framing
   the management problem, and to give input and evaluate the scientific
   models that are used to provide fisheries management advice. JAKFISH
   investigated various tools to assess and communicate uncertainty around
   fish stock assessments and fisheries management. Here, a synthesis is
   presented of the participatory work carried out in four European fishery
   case studies (Western Baltic herring, North Sea Nephrops, Central Baltic
   Herring and Mediterranean swordfish), focussing on the uncertainty tools
   used, the stakeholders' responses to these, and the lessons learnt. It
   is concluded that participatory modelling has the potential to
   facilitate and structure discussions between scientists and stakeholders
   about uncertainties and the quality of the knowledge base. It can also
   contribute to collective learning, increase legitimacy, and advance
   scientific understanding. However, when approaching real-life
   situations, modelling should not be seen as the priority objective.
   Rather, the crucial step in a science-stakeholder collaboration is the
   joint problem framing in an open, transparent way. (C) 2012 Elsevier
   Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rockmann, C (Reprint Author), IMARES Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Rockmann, Christine; Miller, David; Pastoors, Martin, IMARES Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Ulrich, Clara, Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Dreyer, Marion, Gemeinnutzige Gesell Kommunikat \& Kooperat Forsch, DIALOGIK, D-70176 Stuttgart, Germany.
   Bell, Ewen, CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Borodzicz, Edward, Portsmouth Business Sch, Portsmouth PO1 3DE, Hants, England.
   Haapasaari, Paivi; Mantyniemi, Samu, Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol \& Environm Sci, Fisheries \& Environm Management Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
   Hauge, Kjellrun Hiis; Howell, Daniel, Inst Marine Res, Havforskningsinst, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Tserpes, George, Inst Marine Biol Resources, HCMR, Gournes Crete 71500, Greece.
   Pastoors, Martin, Univ Wageningen \& Res Ctr Agora 1, CMP, NL-8934 CJ Leeuwarden, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2012.02.027}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
Keywords = {{Participatory modelling; Fisheries management; Uncertainty; Post-normal
   science; Extended peer review; Problem framing}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; CREDIBILITY CRISIS; NUSAP SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY;
   SCIENCE; ADVICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{Christine.Rockmann@wur.n
   clu@aqua.dtu.dk
   dreyer@dialogik-expert.de
   ewen.bell@cefas.co.uk
   edward.borodzicz@port.ac.uk
   paivi.haapasaari@helsinki.fi
   kjellrun.hiis.hauge@imr.no
   daniel.howell@imr.no
   samu.mantyniemi@helsinki.fi
   David.Miller@wur.nl
   gtserpes@hcmr.gr
   martin.pastoors@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tserpes, George/L-6201-2013
   Mantyniemi, Samu/B-4219-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Tserpes, George/0000-0001-9052-4091
   Mantyniemi, Samu/0000-0002-3367-6280
   Haapasaari, Paivi/0000-0001-9342-5195}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{89}},
Times-Cited = {{35}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{956RC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305105800016}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

How can uncertain fisheries science be linked with good governance processes, thereby increasing fisheries management legitimacy and effectiveness? Reducing the uncertainties around scientific models has long been perceived as the cure of the fisheries management problem. There is however increasing recognition that uncertainty in the numbers will remain. A lack of transparency with respect to these uncertainties can damage the credibility of science. The EU Commission's proposal for a reformed Common Fisheries Policy calls for more self-management for the fishing industry by increasing fishers' involvement in the planning and execution of policies and boosting the role of fishers' organisations. One way of higher transparency and improved participation is to include stakeholders in the modelling process itself. The JAKFISH project (Judgment And Knowledge in Fisheries Involving StakeHolders) invited fisheries stakeholders to participate in the process of framing the management problem, and to give input and evaluate the scientific models that are used to provide fisheries management advice. JAKFISH investigated various tools to assess and communicate uncertainty around fish stock assessments and fisheries management. Here, a synthesis is presented of the participatory work carried out in four European fishery case studies (Western Baltic herring, North Sea Nephrops, Central Baltic Herring and Mediterranean swordfish), focussing on the uncertainty tools used, the stakeholders' responses to these, and the lessons learnt. It is concluded that participatory modelling has the potential to facilitate and structure discussions between scientists and stakeholders about uncertainties and the quality of the knowledge base. It can also contribute to collective learning, increase legitimacy, and advance scientific understanding. However, when approaching real-life situations, modelling should not be seen as the priority objective. Rather, the crucial step in a science-stakeholder collaboration is the joint problem framing in an open, transparent way. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000304222700003,
Author = {Hoshino, Eriko and Milner-Gulland, E. J. and Hillary, Richard M.},
Title = {{Bioeconomic adaptive management procedures for short-lived species: A
   case study of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) and Japanese common squid
   (Todarodes pacificus)}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{121}},
Pages = {{17-30}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Short-lived fisheries stocks are subject to large fluctuations in
   abundance and respond rapidly to many factors including changes in
   oceanographic conditions, biological interactions and fishery
   exploitation. Management of such species requires a flexible, adaptive
   framework that responds rapidly to a changing environment, although such
   schemes are rarely operationalized. In this article, we develop a set of
   bioeconomic adaptive management schemes that respond to changes in
   economic conditions, stock abundance and catchability, using as case
   studies the fisheries targeting short-lived Japanese common squid
   (Todarodes pacificus) and Pacific saury (Cololabis saira). We suggest
   that such adaptive schemes have the potential to support the successful
   implementation of profit maximizing (MEY-based) harvest policies for
   borderline profitable fisheries targeting short-lived species. (C) 2012
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hoshino, E (Reprint Author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Econ \& Finance, IMAS, Commerce Bldg,Private Bag 85, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Hoshino, Eriko, Univ Tasmania, Sch Econ \& Finance, IMAS, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Hoshino, Eriko; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Hillary, Richard M., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Hillary, Richard M., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2012.01.007}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Bioeconomic modelling; Adaptive management; MSE; Management procedure;
   MEY; Short-lived species; Pacific saury; Japanese common squid}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISHERIES; FISH; CATCHABILITY; VARIABILITY;
   STRATEGIES; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC; DESIGN; COD}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{eriko.hoshino@utas.edu.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013
   Hoshino, Eriko/N-7557-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hoshino, Eriko/0000-0001-7110-4251
   Milner-Gulland, E.J./0000-0003-0324-2710}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Royal Society}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank John Harwood and Kai Lorenzen for useful comments. EJMG
   acknowledges the support of a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit
   award. We also thank Andre Punt and an anonymous referee whose comments
   both improved and clarified a previous version of this paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{944RY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000304222700003}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Short-lived fisheries stocks are subject to large fluctuations in abundance and respond rapidly to many factors including changes in oceanographic conditions, biological interactions and fishery exploitation. Management of such species requires a flexible, adaptive framework that responds rapidly to a changing environment, although such schemes are rarely operationalized. In this article, we develop a set of bioeconomic adaptive management schemes that respond to changes in economic conditions, stock abundance and catchability, using as case studies the fisheries targeting short-lived Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) and Pacific saury (Cololabis saira). We suggest that such adaptive schemes have the potential to support the successful implementation of profit maximizing (MEY-based) harvest policies for borderline profitable fisheries targeting short-lived species. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000303912000001,
Author = {Maravelias, C. D. and Damalas, D. and Ulrich, C. and Katsanevakis, S.
   and Hoff, A.},
Title = {{Multispecies fisheries management in the Mediterranean Sea: application
   of the Fcube methodology}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{189-199}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{The ecosystem approach (EA) advocates that advice should be given based
   on a holistic management of the entire marine ecosystem and all
   fisheries and fleets involved. Recent developments have advanced to
   multi-species, multi-fisheries advice, rather than on a
   single-species/fleet/area stock basis, bridging the gap between existing
   single-species approaches and the needs of the EA. The Fleet and
   Fisheries Forecast method (Fcube) method estimates potential levels of
   effort by fleet in mixed fisheries situations to achieve specific
   targets of fishing mortality. Data on effort, landings and socioeconomic
   parameters were used for coastal and trawl fisheries in the Aegean Sea.
   Results pointed out the strengths and weaknesses of alternative
   management strategies from both a biological and socioeconomic
   perspective. Fcube revealed the importance of effort control in the
   coastal fisheries that are still managed with no effort restrictions.
   The present findings, although preliminary, revealed that stringent cuts
   to effort and catch levels are required if EA management goals are to be
   met. The Fcube methodology, initially developed for mixed fisheries
   advice in northern European waters that are managed with TACs, also
   proved promising in providing advice to non-TAC fisheries.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Maravelias, CD (Reprint Author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, 46-7 Km Athens Sounio, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Ulrich, C., Charlottenlund Castle, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Hoff, A., Univ Copenhagen, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, Frederiksberg, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00801.x}},
ISSN = {{0969-997X}},
Keywords = {{ecosystem approach; effort; landings; socioeconomics; TAC}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POTENTIAL METIERS; LANDINGS PROFILES; FRAMEWORK; GREECE; ADVICE; HAKE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{cmaravel@ath.hcmr.gr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Katsanevakis, Stelios/0000-0002-5137-7540}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities Directorate General for Fisheries
   (DG XIV) {[}044168]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was prepared with financial support provided by the Commission
   of the European Communities Directorate General for Fisheries (DG XIV)
   6th Framework RTD program `Specific Support to Policies', under contract
   no 044168 `AFRAME, A framework for fleet- and area-based fisheries
   management' and under the MAREA Specific Contract no 3, BEMTOOL project.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fisheries Manag. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{940RY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000303912000001}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The ecosystem approach (EA) advocates that advice should be given based on a holistic management of the entire marine ecosystem and all fisheries and fleets involved. Recent developments have advanced to multi-species, multi-fisheries advice, rather than on a single-species/fleet/area stock basis, bridging the gap between existing single-species approaches and the needs of the EA. The Fleet and Fisheries Forecast method (Fcube) method estimates potential levels of effort by fleet in mixed fisheries situations to achieve specific targets of fishing mortality. Data on effort, landings and socioeconomic parameters were used for coastal and trawl fisheries in the Aegean Sea. Results pointed out the strengths and weaknesses of alternative management strategies from both a biological and socioeconomic perspective. Fcube revealed the importance of effort control in the coastal fisheries that are still managed with no effort restrictions. The present findings, although preliminary, revealed that stringent cuts to effort and catch levels are required if EA management goals are to be met. The Fcube methodology, initially developed for mixed fisheries advice in northern European waters that are managed with TACs, also proved promising in providing advice to non-TAC fisheries.

@article{ ISI:000302804400015,
Author = {Punt, Andre E. and Siddeek, M. S. M. and Garber-Yonts, Brian and Dalton,
   Michael and Rugolo, Louis and Stram, Diana and Turnock, Benjamin J. and
   Zheng, Jie},
Title = {{Evaluating the impact of buffers to account for scientific uncertainty
   when setting TACs: application to red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{69}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{624-634}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Increasingly, scientific uncertainty is being accounted for in fisheries
   management by implementing an uncertainty buffer, i.e. a difference
   between the limit catch level given perfect information and the set
   catch. An approach based on simulation is outlined, which can be used to
   evaluate the impact of different buffers on short-and long-term catches,
   discounted revenue, the probability of overfishing (i. e. the catch
   exceeding the true, but unknown, limit catch), and the stock becoming
   overfished (i. e. for crab, mature male biomass, MMB, dropping below
   one-half of the MMB corresponding to maximum sustainable yield). This
   approach can be applied when only a fraction of the uncertainty related
   to estimating the limit catch level is quantified through stock
   assessments. The approach is applied for illustrative purposes to the
   fishery for red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Bristol Bay,
   AK.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Punt, AE (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Siddeek, M. S. M.; Zheng, Jie, Alaska Dept Fish \& Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
   Garber-Yonts, Brian; Dalton, Michael; Rugolo, Louis; Turnock, Benjamin J., NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Stram, Diana, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fss047}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{acceptable biological catch; buffer; harvest control rule; length-based
   stock assessment; management strategy evaluation; overfishing;
   uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; FISHERIES; STRATEGIES; LIMITS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{aepunt@u.washington.edu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NPFMC}},
Funding-Text = {{AEP acknowledges funding from the NPFMC. Ben Fissel and Martin Dorn
   (NOAA, AFSC), Doug Woodby (ADF\&G), two anonymous reviewers, and the
   editor are thanked for their comments on drafts of this paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{926AT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000302804400015}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Increasingly, scientific uncertainty is being accounted for in fisheries management by implementing an uncertainty buffer, i.e. a difference between the limit catch level given perfect information and the set catch. An approach based on simulation is outlined, which can be used to evaluate the impact of different buffers on short-and long-term catches, discounted revenue, the probability of overfishing (i. e. the catch exceeding the true, but unknown, limit catch), and the stock becoming overfished (i. e. for crab, mature male biomass, MMB, dropping below one-half of the MMB corresponding to maximum sustainable yield). This approach can be applied when only a fraction of the uncertainty related to estimating the limit catch level is quantified through stock assessments. The approach is applied for illustrative purposes to the fishery for red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Bristol Bay, AK.

@article{ ISI:000301203900004,
Author = {Hintzen, Niels T. and Bastardie, Francois and Beare, Doug and Piet,
   Gerjan J. and Ulrich, Clara and Deporte, Nicolas and Egekvist, Josefine
   and Degel, Henrik},
Title = {{VMStools: Open-source software for the processing, analysis and
   visualisation of fisheries logbook and VMS data}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{115}},
Pages = {{31-43}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{VMStools is a package of open-source software, build using the freeware
   environment R. specifically developed for the processing, analysis and
   visualisation of landings (logbooks) and vessel location data (VMS) from
   commercial fisheries. Analyses start with standardized data formats for
   logbook (EFLALO) and VMS (TACSAT), enabling users to conduct a variety
   of analyses using generic algorithms. Embedded functionality handles
   erroneous data point detection and removal, m tier identification
   through the use of clustering techniques, linking logbook and VMS data
   together in order to distinguish fishing from other activities, provide
   high-resolution maps of both fishing effort and -landings, interpolate
   vessel tracks, calculate indicators of fishing impact as listed under
   the Data Collection Framework at different spatio-temporal scales.
   Finally data can be transformed into other existing formats, for example
   to populate regional databases like FishFrame. This paper describes
   workflow examples of these features while online material allows a head
   start to perform these analyses. This software incorporates state-of-the
   art VMS and logbook analysing methods standardizing the process towards
   obtaining pan-European, or even worldwide indicators of fishing
   distribution and impact as required for spatial planning. (c) 2011
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hintzen, NT (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, IMARES, Part Wageningen UR, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Hintzen, Niels T.; Beare, Doug; Piet, Gerjan J., Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, IMARES, Part Wageningen UR, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Bastardie, Francois; Ulrich, Clara; Egekvist, Josefine; Degel, Henrik, Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Deporte, Nicolas, IFREMER, French Res Inst Explorat Sea, STH, F-29280 Plouzane, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.007}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Area based management; Fishing impact; Indicators; Marine spatial
   planning; Metier analyses}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHING EFFORT; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GIANT PETRELS;
   CATCH; SEA; PRESSURE; PATTERNS; IMPACT; SCALE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{Niels.Hintzen@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/F-8299-2010}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/0000-0003-0609-3845}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities {[}MARE/2008/10]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was funded by the Commission of the European Communities
   under the call for tender MARE/2008/10; Lot 2 Development of tools for
   logbook and VMS data analysis. We thank all other members, Fabrizio
   Manco, Hans Gerritsen, Sebastien Demaneche, Stephanie Mahevas, Martial
   Laurans, Neil Campbell, J. Rasmus Nielsen, Stuart A. Reeves, Colm Lordan
   and Ryszard Grzebielec for their efforts within the project and two
   anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{53}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{45}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{904NG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301203900004}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

VMStools is a package of open-source software, build using the freeware environment R. specifically developed for the processing, analysis and visualisation of landings (logbooks) and vessel location data (VMS) from commercial fisheries. Analyses start with standardized data formats for logbook (EFLALO) and VMS (TACSAT), enabling users to conduct a variety of analyses using generic algorithms. Embedded functionality handles erroneous data point detection and removal, m tier identification through the use of clustering techniques, linking logbook and VMS data together in order to distinguish fishing from other activities, provide high-resolution maps of both fishing effort and -landings, interpolate vessel tracks, calculate indicators of fishing impact as listed under the Data Collection Framework at different spatio-temporal scales. Finally data can be transformed into other existing formats, for example to populate regional databases like FishFrame. This paper describes workflow examples of these features while online material allows a head start to perform these analyses. This software incorporates state-of-the art VMS and logbook analysing methods standardizing the process towards obtaining pan-European, or even worldwide indicators of fishing distribution and impact as required for spatial planning. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000305698600003,
Author = {Katsanevakis, S. and Weber, A. and Pipitone, C. and Leopold, M. and
   Cronin, M. and Scheidat, M. and Doyle, T. K. and Buhl-Mortensen, L. and
   Buhl-Mortensen, P. and D'Anna, G. and de Boois, I. and Dalpadado, P. and
   Damalas, D. and Fiorentino, F. and Garofalo, G. and Giacalone, V. M. and
   Hawley, K. L. and Issaris, Y. and Jansen, J. and Knight, C. M. and
   Knittweis, L. and Kroencke, I. and Mirto, S. and Muxika, I. and Reiss,
   H. and Skjoldal, H. R. and Voege, S.},
Title = {{Monitoring marine populations and communities: methods dealing with
   imperfect detectability}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{16}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{31-52}},
Abstract = {{Effective monitoring of populations and communities is a prerequisite
   for ecosystem-based management of marine areas. However, monitoring
   programs often neglect important sources of error and thus can lead to
   biased estimates, spurious conclusions and false management actions. One
   such source of error is `imperfect detectability', i.e. the inability of
   investigators to detect all individuals or all species in a surveyed
   area. Although there has been great effort to develop monitoring methods
   that account for imperfect detectability, the application of such
   methods in the marine environment is not as apparent as in other
   systems. Plot sampling is by far the most commonly applied method for
   biological monitoring in the marine environment, yet it largely ignores
   detectability issues. However, distance sampling, mark-recapture
   methods, repeated presence-absence surveys for occupancy estimation, and
   removal methods do estimate detection probabilities and provide unbiased
   estimates of state variables. We review these methods and the relevant
   tools for their application in studies on marine populations and
   communities, with the aim of assisting marine biologists and managers to
   understand the limitations and pitfalls associated with some approaches
   and to select the best available methods for their monitoring needs.}},
Publisher = {{INTER-RESEARCH}},
Address = {{NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Katsanevakis, S (Reprint Author), HCMR, 46-7 Km Athens Sounio, Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
   Katsanevakis, S.; Damalas, D.; Issaris, Y., HCMR, Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
   Katsanevakis, S., Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, Water Resources Unit, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Weber, A.; Hawley, K. L.; Knight, C. M., Norwegian Inst Water Res, Trondheim, Norway.
   Pipitone, C.; D'Anna, G.; Giacalone, V. M., CNR IAMC, Castellammare Del Golfo, TP, Italy.
   Leopold, M.; Scheidat, M.; de Boois, I.; Jansen, J., Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Cronin, M.; Doyle, T. K., Univ Coll Cork, Coastal \& Marine Res Ctr, Cork, Ireland.
   Buhl-Mortensen, L.; Buhl-Mortensen, P.; Dalpadado, P.; Skjoldal, H. R., Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway.
   Damalas, D., Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IPSC, Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Fiorentino, F.; Garofalo, G., UOS Mazara del Vallo, CNR IAMC, Mazara Del Vallo, TP, Italy.
   Knittweis, L., Minist Resources \& Rural Affairs, Capture Fisheries Sect, Marsaxlokk, Malta.
   Kroencke, I.; Reiss, H.; Voege, S., Marine Res Dept, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
   Mirto, S., UOS Messina, CNR IAMC, Messina, Italy.
   Muxika, I., AZTI Tecnalia Marine Res Div, Pasaia, Spain.
   Reiss, H., Univ Nordland, Fac Biosci \& Aquaculture, Bodo, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/ab00426}},
ISSN = {{1864-7790}},
EISSN = {{1864-7782}},
Keywords = {{Biological monitoring; Detectability; Distance sampling; Mark-recapture;
   Occupancy; Plot sampling; Removal methods; Review}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; VISUAL CENSUS TECHNIQUES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE
   DATA; LINE-TRANSECT SURVEYS; CHANGE-IN-RATIO; REEF FISH; AERIAL SURVEYS;
   HARBOR PORPOISE; PHOCA-VITULINA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{stelios@katsanevakis.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{D'Anna, Giovanni/B-7995-2015
   GIACALONE, VINCENZOMAXIMILIANO/N-8590-2015
   Pipitone, Carlo/B-7562-2015
   Mirto, Simone/B-7474-2016
   Issaris, Yiannis/N-2402-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{D'Anna, Giovanni/0000-0002-8644-8222
   GIACALONE, VINCENZOMAXIMILIANO/0000-0002-4316-1723
   Pipitone, Carlo/0000-0002-7632-1228
   Mirto, Simone/0000-0003-4707-7307
   Katsanevakis, Stelios/0000-0002-5137-7540
   Buhl-Mortensen, Lene/0000-0003-0530-7119}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU FP7 program `Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas'
   (MESMA) {[}226661]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work is part of the on-going research within the EU FP7 program
   `Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas' (MESMA; grant
   no.: 226661; www.mesma.org). G. Sutton (Coastal and Marine Research
   Centre, UCC) provided useful comments on the manuscript. We thank 4
   anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{178}},
Times-Cited = {{19}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{71}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Biol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{964MD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305698600003}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Effective monitoring of populations and communities is a prerequisite for ecosystem-based management of marine areas. However, monitoring programs often neglect important sources of error and thus can lead to biased estimates, spurious conclusions and false management actions. One such source of error is `imperfect detectability', i.e. the inability of investigators to detect all individuals or all species in a surveyed area. Although there has been great effort to develop monitoring methods that account for imperfect detectability, the application of such methods in the marine environment is not as apparent as in other systems. Plot sampling is by far the most commonly applied method for biological monitoring in the marine environment, yet it largely ignores detectability issues. However, distance sampling, mark-recapture methods, repeated presence-absence surveys for occupancy estimation, and removal methods do estimate detection probabilities and provide unbiased estimates of state variables. We review these methods and the relevant tools for their application in studies on marine populations and communities, with the aim of assisting marine biologists and managers to understand the limitations and pitfalls associated with some approaches and to select the best available methods for their monitoring needs.

@article{ ISI:000305516900002,
Author = {Edwards, C. T. T. and Hillary, R. M. and Levontin, P. and Blanchard, J.
   L. and Lorenzen, K.},
Title = {{Fisheries Assessment and Management: A Synthesis of Common Approaches
   with Special Reference to Deepwater and Data-Poor Stocks}},
Journal = {{REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{20}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{136-153}},
Abstract = {{Deepwater fish populations are often characterized by their life-history
   as being highly susceptible to overexploitation. Moreover, dependent
   fisheries often develop rapidly, so overexploitation may occur before
   resource dynamics are quantified sufficiently to assess safe biological
   limits. It is therefore crucial to employ assessment methods that make
   the best use of limited data and management procedures that account for
   large uncertainties. This review provides a critical synthesis of
   assessment and management approaches for deepwater fisheries. Given
   limitations in the data, it is clear that assessments are likely to
   benefit from the application of derived relationships between
   life-history characteristics and the sharing of this and other
   information across stocks. It is important that uncertainty in
   assessment results is represented adequately, and management methods
   must in turn ensure that decision mechanisms are robust to an incomplete
   picture of resource dynamics. This requires construction and testing of
   harvest control rules within a simulation framework. Harvest control
   rules themselves, however, need not be complicated, and simple empirical
   approaches can be adequate for situations in which only relative changes
   in biomass can be discerned from the data. Development and testing of
   these control rules is likely to prove a productive area of future
   research.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS INC}},
Address = {{530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Edwards, CTT (Reprint Author), Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Edwards, C. T. T., Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Hillary, R. M., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
   Levontin, P., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Ctr Environm Policy, London, England.
   Blanchard, J. L., Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim \& Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
   Lorenzen, K., Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources \& Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/10641262.2012.683210}},
ISSN = {{1064-1262}},
EISSN = {{1547-6553}},
Keywords = {{deepwater fisheries; stock assessment; management procedure}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES;
   MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; AFRICAN HAKE
   RESOURCE; US WEST-COAST; ORANGE ROUGHY; NEW-ZEALAND;
   POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL MORTALITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{charles.edwards@imperial.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013
   Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities under the DEEP-FISHMAN project
   {[}227390]; U.S Fish and Wildlife Service SFR project {[}F-136-R]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was carried out with financial support from the Commission of
   the European Communities under the DEEP-FISHMAN project (grant agreement
   227390). KL acknowledges supplementary funding from U.S Fish and
   Wildlife Service SFR project F-136-R.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{156}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
Journal-ISO = {{Rev. Fish. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{962CM}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305516900002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Deepwater fish populations are often characterized by their life-history as being highly susceptible to overexploitation. Moreover, dependent fisheries often develop rapidly, so overexploitation may occur before resource dynamics are quantified sufficiently to assess safe biological limits. It is therefore crucial to employ assessment methods that make the best use of limited data and management procedures that account for large uncertainties. This review provides a critical synthesis of assessment and management approaches for deepwater fisheries. Given limitations in the data, it is clear that assessments are likely to benefit from the application of derived relationships between life-history characteristics and the sharing of this and other information across stocks. It is important that uncertainty in assessment results is represented adequately, and management methods must in turn ensure that decision mechanisms are robust to an incomplete picture of resource dynamics. This requires construction and testing of harvest control rules within a simulation framework. Harvest control rules themselves, however, need not be complicated, and simple empirical approaches can be adequate for situations in which only relative changes in biomass can be discerned from the data. Development and testing of these control rules is likely to prove a productive area of future research.

@article{ ISI:000299017200003,
Author = {Antonakakis, K. and Giannoulaki, M. and Machias, A. and Somarakis, S.
   and Sanchez, S. and Ibaibarriaga, L. and Uriarte, A.},
Title = {{Assessment of the sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792) fishery in
   the eastern Mediterranean basin (North Aegean Sea)}},
Journal = {{MEDITERRANEAN MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{333-357}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The aim of this study is to describe the biometric characteristics of
   European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) catches and assess the current
   status of sardine stock in the North Aegean Sea based on population
   characteristics and abundance trends. The stock was dominated by age
   groups 1 and 2, not exceeding age group 4. The sardine stock in this
   area was assessed through an Integrated Catch-at-Age model which
   implements a separable Virtual Population Analysis on catch-at-age data
   with weighted tuning indices. Sardine landings data derived from the
   commercial purse seine fishery over the period 2000-2008 were combined
   with the age structure of the stock as resulting from fisheries'
   independent acoustic surveys. Sensitivity analysis of the impact of
   natural mortality values on stock assessment results was applied.
   Additionally forecast of the sardine population parameters and catches
   under different exploitation scenarios was implemented on a medium term
   basis. Results indicated that the North Aegean Sea sardine stock is
   considered fully exploited, with the fishery operating close to, but
   over the empirical exploitation level for sustainability. Finally, the
   status of the sardine stock in the North Aegean Sea is discussed in
   relation to the sardine stocks from the western and the central
   Mediterranean basin.}},
Publisher = {{NATL CENTRE MARINE RESEARCH}},
Address = {{AGHIOS KOSMAS, HELLINIKON, GR-16-604, GREECE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Giannoulaki, M (Reprint Author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, POB 2214, Iraklion 71003, Greece.
   Giannoulaki, M.; Machias, A.; Somarakis, S., Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Iraklion 71003, Greece.
   Antonakakis, K., Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Iraklion 71409, Greece.
   Sanchez, S.; Ibaibarriaga, L.; Uriarte, A., Fisheries \& Food Technol Inst Fdn AZTI, Pasaia 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain.}},
ISSN = {{1108-393X}},
Keywords = {{European sardine; Eastern Mediterranean Sea; North Aegean Sea; Stock
   assessment; Integrated-Catch-at-Age Analysis; Natural mortality
   sensitivity}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; STOCK; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT; ATLANTIC;
   BLACK; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; FRAMEWORK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Geology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine \& Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{marianna@her.hcmr.gr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Giannoulaki, Marianna/B-6359-2012
   Ibaibarriaga, Leire/C-2483-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ibaibarriaga, Leire/0000-0001-5619-1174}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Union {[}FP6-44294]}},
Funding-Text = {{The study was partially supported and financed by the Greek National
   Fisheries Data Collection Program, the Commission of the European Union
   ({''}SARDONE: Improving assessment and management of small pelagic
   species in the Mediterranean{''}, FP6-44294). We want to thank the
   captain and the crew of the RV ``Philia{''} as well as all the
   scientists on board for their assistance during the surveys. Moreover,
   we would like to thank Beatrice Rod l for her constructive comments
   during the project. Moreover, we feel the need to thank Mark Payne for
   his help with the FLICA code in FLR as well as Finlay Scott and Graham
   Pilling for their help on the projection script in the FLR code.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mediterr. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{875GA}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000299017200003}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The aim of this study is to describe the biometric characteristics of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) catches and assess the current status of sardine stock in the North Aegean Sea based on population characteristics and abundance trends. The stock was dominated by age groups 1 and 2, not exceeding age group 4. The sardine stock in this area was assessed through an Integrated Catch-at-Age model which implements a separable Virtual Population Analysis on catch-at-age data with weighted tuning indices. Sardine landings data derived from the commercial purse seine fishery over the period 2000-2008 were combined with the age structure of the stock as resulting from fisheries' independent acoustic surveys. Sensitivity analysis of the impact of natural mortality values on stock assessment results was applied. Additionally forecast of the sardine population parameters and catches under different exploitation scenarios was implemented on a medium term basis. Results indicated that the North Aegean Sea sardine stock is considered fully exploited, with the fishery operating close to, but over the empirical exploitation level for sustainability. Finally, the status of the sardine stock in the North Aegean Sea is discussed in relation to the sardine stocks from the western and the central Mediterranean basin.

@article{ ISI:000295985500028,
Author = {Mahevas, Stephanie and Vermard, Youen and Hutton, Trevor and Iriondo,
   Ane and Jadaud, Angelique and Maravelias, Christos D. and Punzon,
   Antonio and Sacchi, Jacques and Tidd, Alex and Tsitsika, Efthymia and
   Marchal, Paul and Goascoz, Nicolas and Mortreux, Serge and Roos, David},
Title = {{An investigation of human vs. technology-induced variation in
   catchability for a selection of European fishing fleets}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{68}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{2252-2263}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{The impact of the fishing effort exerted by a vessel on a population
   depends on catchability, which depends on population accessibility and
   fishing power. The work investigated whether the variation in fishing
   power could be the result of the technical characteristics of a vessel
   and/or its gear or whether it is a reflection of inter-vessel
   differences not accounted for by the technical attributes. These
   inter-vessel differences could be indicative of a skipper/crew
   experience effect. To improve understanding of the relationships,
   landings per unit effort (lpue) from logbooks and technical information
   on vessels and gears (collected during interviews) were used to identify
   variables that explained variations in fishing power. The analysis was
   undertaken by applying a combination of generalized additive models and
   generalized linear models to data from several European fleets. The
   study highlights the fact that taking into account information that is
   not routinely collected, e. g. length of headline, weight of otter
   boards, or type of groundrope, will significantly improve the modelled
   relationships between lpue and the variables that measure relative
   fishing power. The magnitude of the skipper/crew experience effect was
   weaker than the technical effect of the vessel and/or its gear.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Mahevas, S (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Models Fishery Sci, Rue Ile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France.
   Mahevas, Stephanie, IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Models Fishery Sci, F-44311 Nantes, France.
   Vermard, Youen; Marchal, Paul, IFREMER, Channel \& N Sea Fisheries Dept, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France.
   Hutton, Trevor, CSIRO, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
   Iriondo, Ane, AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.
   Jadaud, Angelique; Sacchi, Jacques; Goascoz, Nicolas; Mortreux, Serge; Roos, David, IFREMER, EME, UMR 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
   Maravelias, Christos D.; Tsitsika, Efthymia, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Punzon, Antonio, CO Santander, Inst Espanol Ocean, Santander 39080, Spain.
   Tidd, Alex, Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsr150}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{catchability; fishing power; GAM; GLM; skipper skill; technical
   characteristics}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; COMMERCIAL CPUE DATA; ISIS-FISH; MEDITERRANEAN
   FISHERIES; MULTIPLICATIVE MODEL; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; STANDARDIZING
   CATCH; MANAGEMENT MEASURES; IMPACT; ABUNDANCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{stephanie.mahevas@ifremer.fr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hutton, Trevor/E-3066-2017
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutton, Trevor/0000-0002-8747-6196
   Marchal, Paul/0000-0003-2047-4599
   Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{TECTAC project {[}Q5RS-2002-01291]; European Commission {[}EC FP6
   022644]}},
Funding-Text = {{We acknowledge support from the TECTAC project (Technological
   developments and Tactical Adaptations of Important EU Fleets,
   Q5RS-2002-01291) along with that of our colleagues involved in the
   French Fisheries Information System managed by Ifremer. The research was
   funded by the European Commission, project contract CAFE (CApacity, F,
   and Effort; DG-Fish contract EC FP6 022644).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
Times-Cited = {{13}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{834SX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295985500028}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The impact of the fishing effort exerted by a vessel on a population depends on catchability, which depends on population accessibility and fishing power. The work investigated whether the variation in fishing power could be the result of the technical characteristics of a vessel and/or its gear or whether it is a reflection of inter-vessel differences not accounted for by the technical attributes. These inter-vessel differences could be indicative of a skipper/crew experience effect. To improve understanding of the relationships, landings per unit effort (lpue) from logbooks and technical information on vessels and gears (collected during interviews) were used to identify variables that explained variations in fishing power. The analysis was undertaken by applying a combination of generalized additive models and generalized linear models to data from several European fleets. The study highlights the fact that taking into account information that is not routinely collected, e. g. length of headline, weight of otter boards, or type of groundrope, will significantly improve the modelled relationships between lpue and the variables that measure relative fishing power. The magnitude of the skipper/crew experience effect was weaker than the technical effect of the vessel and/or its gear.

@article{ ISI:000294577200007,
Author = {Bunnefeld, Nils and Hoshino, Eriko and Milner-Gulland, Eleanor J.},
Title = {{Management strategy evaluation: a powerful tool for conservation?}},
Journal = {{TRENDS IN ECOLOGY \& EVOLUTION}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{26}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{441-447}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{The poor management of natural resources has led in many cases to the
   decline and extirpation of populations. Recent advances in fisheries
   science could revolutionize management of harvested stocks by evaluating
   management scenarios in a virtual world by including stakeholders and by
   assessing its robustness to uncertainty. These advances have been
   synthesized into a framework, management strategy evaluation (WISE),
   which has hitherto not been used in terrestrial conservation. We review
   the potential of MSE to transform terrestrial conservation, emphasizing
   that the behavior of individual harvesters must be included because
   harvester compliance with management rules has been a major challenge in
   conservation. Incorporating resource user decision-making required to
   make MSEs relevant to terrestrial conservation will also advance
   fisheries science.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON}},
Address = {{84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bunnefeld, N (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Bunnefeld, Nils; Hoshino, Eriko; Milner-Gulland, Eleanor J., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Hoshino, Eriko, Univ Tasmania, Sch Econ \& Finance, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.003}},
ISSN = {{0169-5347}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT;
   UNCERTAINTY; WILDLIFE; HARVEST; OBJECTIVES; SERENGETI; MODELS;
   COMMUNITIES}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics \&
   Heredity}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics \& Heredity}},
Author-Email = {{n.bunnefeld06@imperial.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bunnefeld, Nils/G-1946-2011
   Hoshino, Eriko/N-7557-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hoshino, Eriko/0000-0001-7110-4251
   Bunnefeld, Nils/0000-0002-1349-4463
   Milner-Gulland, E.J./0000-0003-0324-2710}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission; Royal Society}},
Funding-Text = {{NB and EJMG were supported by the European Commission under the HUNT
   project of the 7<SUP>th</SUP> Framework Program for Research and
   Technological Development. Neither the European Commission nor any
   person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use
   made of the information. The views expressed in this publication are the
   sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
   views of the European Commission. EJMG also acknowledges the support of
   a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award, and thanks Franck
   Courchamp and the Department of Ecology, Systematics and Evolution at
   the Universite Paris Sud for hosting EJMG while working on this article.
   We thank Justin Irvine, Emily Nicholson, Ana Nuno, Lynsey McInnes,
   Charles Edwards, Julia Blanchard, Andre Punt and two anonymous referees
   for invaluable comments.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{90}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{99}},
Journal-ISO = {{Trends Ecol. Evol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{816CV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294577200007}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The poor management of natural resources has led in many cases to the decline and extirpation of populations. Recent advances in fisheries science could revolutionize management of harvested stocks by evaluating management scenarios in a virtual world by including stakeholders and by assessing its robustness to uncertainty. These advances have been synthesized into a framework, management strategy evaluation (WISE), which has hitherto not been used in terrestrial conservation. We review the potential of MSE to transform terrestrial conservation, emphasizing that the behavior of individual harvesters must be included because harvester compliance with management rules has been a major challenge in conservation. Incorporating resource user decision-making required to make MSEs relevant to terrestrial conservation will also advance fisheries science.

@article{ ISI:000294167800011,
Author = {Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald and Dickey-Collas, Mark and Huret, Martin and
   Peck, Myron A. and Vikebo, Frode B.},
Title = {{Evaluating the suitability of coupled biophysical models for fishery
   management}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{68}},
Number = {{7}},
Pages = {{1478-1487}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The potential role of coupled biophysical models in enhancing the
   conservation, management, and recovery of fish stocks is assessed, with
   emphasis on anchovy, cod, herring, and sprat in European waters. The
   assessment indicates that coupled biophysical models are currently
   capable of simulating transport patterns, along with temperature and
   prey fields within marine ecosystems; they therefore provide insight
   into the variability of early-life-stage dynamics and connectivity
   within stocks. Moreover, the influence of environmental variability on
   potential recruitment success may be discerned from model hindcasts.
   Based on case studies, biophysical modelling results are shown to be
   capable of shedding light on whether stock management frameworks need
   re-evaluation. Hence, key modelling products were identified that will
   contribute to the development of viable stock recovery plans and
   management strategies. The study also suggests that approaches combining
   observation, process knowledge, and numerical modelling could be a
   promising way forward in understanding and simulating the dynamics of
   marine fish populations.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hinrichsen, HH (Reprint Author), Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, Dusternbrookerweg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Huret, Martin, IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Models Fisheries, F-44311 Nantes, France.
   Peck, Myron A., Inst Hydrobiol \& Fisheries Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.
   Vikebo, Frode B., Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsr056}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{adaptive management strategies; applicability of biophysical models;
   collapsed fish stocks; early-life-stage survival; environmental
   variability}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; ARCTO-NORWEGIAN COD; SPRAT SPRATTUS-SPRATTUS; MARINE
   PROTECTED AREAS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; NORTH-SEA; ATLANTIC COD;
   ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; PELAGIC JUVENILES; CLIMATE-CHANGE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{hhinrichsen@ifm-geomar.de}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011
   Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Huret, Martin/0000-0003-0023-378X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities {[}513670 (PROTECT), 044133
   (RECLAIM), 022717 (UNCOVER)]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank the researchers who contributed to the development of the
   biophysical models utilized within the UNCOVER (UNderstanding the
   mechanisms of stock reCOVERy) programme (EU FP 6), including Marc
   Hufnagl, Ute Daewel, Christoph Petereit, and Matthias Schaber, and Fred
   Serchuk and Niels Daan for their helpful editorial comments on an
   earlier version of this manuscript. The study was carried out with
   financial support from the Commission of the European Communities as a
   contribution to FP6 Specific Targeted Research Projects 513670
   (PROTECT), 044133 (RECLAIM), and 022717 (UNCOVER). The paper does not
   necessarily reflect the views of the Commission.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{70}},
Times-Cited = {{35}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{810YS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294167800011}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The potential role of coupled biophysical models in enhancing the conservation, management, and recovery of fish stocks is assessed, with emphasis on anchovy, cod, herring, and sprat in European waters. The assessment indicates that coupled biophysical models are currently capable of simulating transport patterns, along with temperature and prey fields within marine ecosystems; they therefore provide insight into the variability of early-life-stage dynamics and connectivity within stocks. Moreover, the influence of environmental variability on potential recruitment success may be discerned from model hindcasts. Based on case studies, biophysical modelling results are shown to be capable of shedding light on whether stock management frameworks need re-evaluation. Hence, key modelling products were identified that will contribute to the development of viable stock recovery plans and management strategies. The study also suggests that approaches combining observation, process knowledge, and numerical modelling could be a promising way forward in understanding and simulating the dynamics of marine fish populations.

@article{ ISI:000294167800016,
Author = {Ulrich, Clara and Reeves, Stuart A. and Vermard, Youen and Holmes,
   Steven J. and Vanhee, Willy},
Title = {{Reconciling single-species TACs in the North Sea demersal fisheries
   using the Fcube mixed-fisheries advice framework}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{68}},
Number = {{7}},
Pages = {{1535-1547}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Single-species management is a cause of discarding in mixed fisheries,
   because individual management objectives may not be consistent with each
   other and the species are caught simultaneously in relatively
   unselective fishing operations. As such, the total allowable catch (TAC)
   of one species may be exhausted before the TAC of another, leading to
   catches of valuable fish that cannot be landed legally. This important
   issue is, however, usually not quantified and not accounted for in
   traditional management advice. A simple approach using traditional catch
   and effort information was developed, estimating catch potentials for
   distinct fleets (groups of vessels) and metiers (type of activity), and
   hence quantifying the risks of over-and underquota utilization for the
   various stocks. This method, named Fcube (Fleet and Fisheries Forecast),
   was applied successfully to international demersal fisheries in the
   North Sea and shaped into the advice framework. The substantial
   overquota catches of North Sea cod likely under the current fisheries
   regimes are quantified, and it is estimated that the single-species
   management targets for North Sea cod cannot be achieved unless
   substantial reductions in TACs of all other stocks and corresponding
   effort reductions are applied.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ulrich, C (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara, Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Reeves, Stuart A., Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Vermard, Youen, IFREMER, Dept Halieut Manche Mer Nord, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France.
   Holmes, Steven J., MSS, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
   Vanhee, Willy, ILVO Sea Fisheries, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsr060}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{advice; demersal; effort; Fcube; mixed fisheries; North Sea; TACs}},
Keywords-Plus = {{EFFORT-MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; COD}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{clu@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ulrich, Clara/F-3583-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}044168, 502516]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was funded through the FP6 AFRAME (a framework for fleet- and
   area-based fisheries management, contract no. 044168) and FP6 EFIMAS
   (Operational Evaluation Tools for Fisheries Management Options, contract
   no. 502516) projects of the EU. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
   We also thank the many colleagues that contributed to this work, by
   either providing data or participating in constructive discussions. We
   are particularly grateful to Katell Hamon, Dorleta Garcia, Alberto
   Murta, and Francois Bastardie, whose expertise and help in R and FLR was
   beneficial in the earliest stages of development of Fcube.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{39}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{810YS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294167800016}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Single-species management is a cause of discarding in mixed fisheries, because individual management objectives may not be consistent with each other and the species are caught simultaneously in relatively unselective fishing operations. As such, the total allowable catch (TAC) of one species may be exhausted before the TAC of another, leading to catches of valuable fish that cannot be landed legally. This important issue is, however, usually not quantified and not accounted for in traditional management advice. A simple approach using traditional catch and effort information was developed, estimating catch potentials for distinct fleets (groups of vessels) and metiers (type of activity), and hence quantifying the risks of over-and underquota utilization for the various stocks. This method, named Fcube (Fleet and Fisheries Forecast), was applied successfully to international demersal fisheries in the North Sea and shaped into the advice framework. The substantial overquota catches of North Sea cod likely under the current fisheries regimes are quantified, and it is estimated that the single-species management targets for North Sea cod cannot be achieved unless substantial reductions in TACs of all other stocks and corresponding effort reductions are applied.

@article{ ISI:000293097200026,
Author = {Voss, Ruediger and Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald and Quaas, Martin F. and
   Schmidt, Jorn O. and Tahvonen, Olli},
Title = {{Temperature change and Baltic sprat: from observations to
   ecological-economic modelling}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{68}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1244-1256}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Temperature effects on Baltic sprat are many and include both direct and
   indirect effects. Increasing temperature is thought to increase the
   survival of all early life stages, resulting in increased recruitment
   success. We quantified the spatially resolved temperature trend for
   major spawning grounds and depth layers being most relevant for sprat
   eggs and larvae, using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for
   1979-2005. Results confirmed an underlying positive temperature trend.
   Next, we tested these time-series as new explanatory variables in an
   existing temperature-dependent recruitment function and applied these
   recruitment predictions in an age-structured ecological economic
   optimization model, maximizing for profit. Economic optimal solutions
   depended upon variability in temperature trajectories. Under
   climate-change scenarios, mean optimal fishing mortality and related
   yields and profits increased. The extent of the increase was limited by
   the general shape of the stock recruitment model and the assumption of
   density-dependence. This highlights the need to formulate better
   environmentally sensitive stock recruitment models. Under the current
   knowledge of Baltic sprat recruitment, the tested climate-change
   scenarios would result in a change in management targets. However, to
   serve as a quantitative management advice tool, models will have to
   address the above-mentioned concerns.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Voss, R (Reprint Author), Univ Kiel, Dept Econ, Wilhelm Seelig Pl 1, D-24178 Kiel, Germany.
   Voss, Ruediger; Quaas, Martin F.; Schmidt, Jorn O., Univ Kiel, Dept Econ, D-24178 Kiel, Germany.
   Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Tahvonen, Olli, Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsr063}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{climate change; ecological-economic model; management; species
   interaction}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA;
   VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL; LARVAL; COD; FISHERIES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{voss@economics.uni-kiel.de}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Schmidt, Jorn/A-7714-2008
   Voss, Rudi/A-6113-2011
   Quaas, Martin/C-4220-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Schmidt, Jorn/0000-0002-4420-6532
   Quaas, Martin/0000-0003-0812-8829}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Cluster of Excellence ``Future Ocean{''} of Kiel University; European
   Communities {[}244966]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank two anonymous reviewers and especially Anna Gardmark for
   valuable comments on a first draft, which considerably improved the
   manuscript. The study was carried out with financial support from the
   Cluster of Excellence ``Future Ocean{''} of Kiel University and from the
   European Communities as a contribution to the FP7 Specific Targeted
   Research Project 244966, Forage Fish Interactions (FACTS). This article
   does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{797BI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000293097200026}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Temperature effects on Baltic sprat are many and include both direct and indirect effects. Increasing temperature is thought to increase the survival of all early life stages, resulting in increased recruitment success. We quantified the spatially resolved temperature trend for major spawning grounds and depth layers being most relevant for sprat eggs and larvae, using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for 1979-2005. Results confirmed an underlying positive temperature trend. Next, we tested these time-series as new explanatory variables in an existing temperature-dependent recruitment function and applied these recruitment predictions in an age-structured ecological economic optimization model, maximizing for profit. Economic optimal solutions depended upon variability in temperature trajectories. Under climate-change scenarios, mean optimal fishing mortality and related yields and profits increased. The extent of the increase was limited by the general shape of the stock recruitment model and the assumption of density-dependence. This highlights the need to formulate better environmentally sensitive stock recruitment models. Under the current knowledge of Baltic sprat recruitment, the tested climate-change scenarios would result in a change in management targets. However, to serve as a quantitative management advice tool, models will have to address the above-mentioned concerns.

@article{ ISI:000293097200027,
Author = {Andonegi, Eider and Antonio Fernandes, Jose and Quincoces, Inaki and
   Irigoien, Xabier and Uriarte, Andres and Perez, Aritz and Howel, Daniel
   and Stefanssons, Gunnar},
Title = {{The potential use of a Gadget model to predict stock responses to
   climate change in combination with Bayesian networks: the case of Bay of
   Biscay anchovy}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{68}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1257-1269}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is a short-lived pelagic
   species distributed in Atlantic European waters, with the Bay of Biscay
   being one of the main centres of abundance. Because it is a short-lived
   species, the state of the stock is determined largely by incoming
   recruitment. Recruitment is highly variable and depends on a variety of
   factors, such as the size of the spawning stock and environmental
   conditions in the area. The use of a coupled model that could serve to
   predict the evolution of the anchovy stock in the short, medium, and
   long term under several fishing-pressure scenarios and given climate
   scenarios is demonstrated. This coupled model consists of a Gadget
   (Globally Applicable Disaggregated General Ecosystem Toolbox) model that
   was used to analyse the status of the Bay of Biscay anchovy population
   and to simulate future scenarios based on the estimated recruitment
   levels, combined with a probabilistic Bayesian network model for
   recruitment estimation based on machine-learning methods and using
   climatic indices as potential forecasting factors. The results indicate
   that certain combinations of medium to high fishing pressure and adverse
   environmental conditions could force the stock outside its biological
   reference boundaries.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Andonegi, E (Reprint Author), Txatxarramendi Ugartea Zg, Azti Tecnalia, E-48395 Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
   Andonegi, Eider; Quincoces, Inaki, Txatxarramendi Ugartea Zg, Azti Tecnalia, E-48395 Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
   Antonio Fernandes, Jose; Irigoien, Xabier; Uriarte, Andres, Herrera Kaia Portu Aldea Zg, Azti Tecnalia, E-20170 Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain.
   Perez, Aritz, Univ Basque Country, ISG, Dept Comp Sci \& AI, E-20078 Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain.
   Howel, Daniel, Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Stefanssons, Gunnar, Univ Iceland, Dept Math, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland.
   Stefanssons, Gunnar, Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsr087}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{anchovy; Bay of Biscay; Bayesian networks; climate; Gadget; recruitment.}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS RECRUITMENT; FISH RECRUITMENT; ENVIRONMENT;
   FISHERIES; SEA; POPULATIONS; FRAMEWORK; ALGORITHMS; CALIFORNIA;
   REGRESSION}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{eandonegi@azti.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Irigoien, Xabier/B-8171-2009
   Andonegi, Eider/L-3092-2017
   Fernandes, Jose A./B-8985-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Irigoien, Xabier/0000-0002-5411-6741
   Andonegi, Eider/0000-0002-0358-7412
   Fernandes, Jose A./0000-0003-4677-6077}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission {[}022717, 212085]; Fisheries and Agriculture
   Department of the Basque Government; Fundacion Centros Tecnologicos
   Inaki Goenaga}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was done with financial support from the European Commission
   (Contract No. 022717, UNCOVER: Understanding the mechanisms of stock
   recovery and Contract No. 212085, MEECE: Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a
   Changing Environment), supported within Theme 6: Environment of the
   Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development.
   The conclusions do not necessarily reflect Commission views and in no
   way anticipate the Commission's future policy in this area. We also
   thank the Fisheries and Agriculture Department of the Basque Government
   for financial support, in particular for the ECOANCHOA and ECOSISTEMA
   projects, and the University of the Basque Country for technical
   support. JAF was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Fundacion
   Centros Tecnologicos Inaki Goenaga. We acknowledge in particular Leire
   Ibaibarriaga (AZTI-Tecnalia), two anonymous referees, and the guest
   editor for their helpful comments and support. This paper is
   contribution number 514 from AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research Division).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{77}},
Times-Cited = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{797BI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000293097200027}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is a short-lived pelagic species distributed in Atlantic European waters, with the Bay of Biscay being one of the main centres of abundance. Because it is a short-lived species, the state of the stock is determined largely by incoming recruitment. Recruitment is highly variable and depends on a variety of factors, such as the size of the spawning stock and environmental conditions in the area. The use of a coupled model that could serve to predict the evolution of the anchovy stock in the short, medium, and long term under several fishing-pressure scenarios and given climate scenarios is demonstrated. This coupled model consists of a Gadget (Globally Applicable Disaggregated General Ecosystem Toolbox) model that was used to analyse the status of the Bay of Biscay anchovy population and to simulate future scenarios based on the estimated recruitment levels, combined with a probabilistic Bayesian network model for recruitment estimation based on machine-learning methods and using climatic indices as potential forecasting factors. The results indicate that certain combinations of medium to high fishing pressure and adverse environmental conditions could force the stock outside its biological reference boundaries.

@article{ ISI:000291838800012,
Author = {Garcia, Dorleta and Prellezo, Raul and Santurtun, Marina and Arregi,
   Luis},
Title = {{Winners and losers of a technical change: A case study of long-term
   management of the Northern European Hake}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{110}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{98-110}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Since 2004 management of the Northern Stock of European Hake has been
   focused on recovering the stock level up to a level consistent with the
   precautionary approach. After that, in 2007 and once this objective was
   on the track of being fulfilled a long term management plan was
   proposed. This plan has to be congruent with the maximum sustainable
   yield policy as well as producing stable yields and population levels.
   Thus, in that year, a bioeconomic impact assessment of long-term
   management plans for this stock was carried out. However the biological
   and economic assessments were not integrated and not fully congruent. On
   the basis of this assessment additional questions relating to the
   combination of harvest control rules with technical measures were raised
   by the managers and stakeholders.
   Here, the model used in the biological assessment is extended in order
   to integrate the economic part and to shed light on the effect of
   technical measures at stock and fleet level. Two scenarios are
   presented: a `base case', where the model is parameterized from
   historical observations; and an `alternative case' where an increase in
   the mesh size of some trawlers is simulated.
   In both scenarios the probability of falling below limit reference
   points is above 0, contrary to the result obtained in 2007. However, the
   relative trends of the median of population indicators are similar.
   While the biological performance of the base and alternative scenarios
   is also similar the trawlers are highly penalized when their mesh size
   is increased and the overall economic profit is lower. Furthermore, two
   fleets gain and the rest remain the same with the increase in the mesh
   size of trawlers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Garcia, D (Reprint Author), Txatxarramendi Ugartea ZG, Azti Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.
   Garcia, Dorleta; Prellezo, Raul; Santurtun, Marina; Arregi, Luis, Txatxarramendi Ugartea ZG, Azti Tecnalia, Sukarrieta 48395, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2011.03.018}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Discards; Long term management; Management strategy evaluation; Northern
   European Hake; Technical measures}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MESH-SIZE; MERLUCCIUS-MERLUCCIUS; AGE ESTIMATION;
   SELECTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM; FRAMEWORK; REQUIRES; IMPACTS; ADVICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{dgarcia@azti.es
   rprellezo@azti.es
   msanturtun@azti.es
   larregi@azti.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Prellezo, Raul/B-8231-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Prellezo, Raul/0000-0001-5998-8146}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Basque Country Government (Agriculture and Fisheries Department); EU
   {[}502516, 502289, 022686]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work has been funded through the Basque Country Government
   (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) and several FP6 EU funded
   projects (EFIMAS, Operational Evaluation Tools for Fisheries Management
   Options, contract no 502516, COMMIT, Creation of Multi-annual Management
   Plans for Commitment, contract no 502289 and CEVIS, Comparative
   Evaluations of Innovative Solutions in European fisheries management,
   contract no. 022686). We would also like to acknowledge the work done by
   Inaki Quincoces (Azti-Tecnalia) in preparing the computer grid for
   running the simulations, Michel Bertignac (IFREMER) and Nelida Perez
   (IEO) for providing data, Richard Curtin and Ane Iriondo (Azti-Tecnalia)
   for supervising the English and creating Fig. 2, respectively. Finally
   we want to thank the anonymous reviewers for useful comments that helped
   to improve the paper. The paper is contribution no. 535 from
   Azti-Tecnalia (Marine Research Unit).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{780FB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000291838800012}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Since 2004 management of the Northern Stock of European Hake has been focused on recovering the stock level up to a level consistent with the precautionary approach. After that, in 2007 and once this objective was on the track of being fulfilled a long term management plan was proposed. This plan has to be congruent with the maximum sustainable yield policy as well as producing stable yields and population levels. Thus, in that year, a bioeconomic impact assessment of long-term management plans for this stock was carried out. However the biological and economic assessments were not integrated and not fully congruent. On the basis of this assessment additional questions relating to the combination of harvest control rules with technical measures were raised by the managers and stakeholders. Here, the model used in the biological assessment is extended in order to integrate the economic part and to shed light on the effect of technical measures at stock and fleet level. Two scenarios are presented: a `base case', where the model is parameterized from historical observations; and an `alternative case' where an increase in the mesh size of some trawlers is simulated. In both scenarios the probability of falling below limit reference points is above 0, contrary to the result obtained in 2007. However, the relative trends of the median of population indicators are similar. While the biological performance of the base and alternative scenarios is also similar the trawlers are highly penalized when their mesh size is increased and the overall economic profit is lower. Furthermore, two fleets gain and the rest remain the same with the increase in the mesh size of trawlers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000290540700006,
Author = {Hollowed, Anne B. and Aydin, Kerim Y. and Essington, Timothy E. and
   Ianelli, James N. and Megrey, Bernard A. and Punt, Andre E. and Smith,
   Anthony D. M.},
Title = {{Experience with quantitative ecosystem assessment tools in the northeast
   Pacific}},
Journal = {{FISH AND FISHERIES}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{189-208}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{We consider the question of which quantitative modelling tools can be
   used to support an ecosystem approach to management (EAM), with a focus
   on evaluating the implication of decisions on the biological system
   being managed. Managers of federal fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea,
   USA, have adopted an EAM. The tools used to support EAM in the eastern
   Bering Sea serve as a guide to what types of models could be used
   elsewhere. A review of the role of natural science in the implementation
   of EAM shows that scientific advice enters into decision-making at a
   variety of steps. Single-species stock assessment and projection models
   are the most commonly used tools employed to inform managers.
   Comprehensive assessments (e.g. management strategy evaluation) are
   emerging as a new and potentially valuable analysis technique for use in
   assessing trade-offs of different strategic alternatives. In the case of
   management in the eastern Bering Sea, end-to-end models and coupled
   biophysical models have been used primarily to advance scientific
   understanding, but have not been applied in a management context. This
   review highlights that implementation of an EAM in a management
   environment such as eastern Bering Sea requires substantial commitments
   to the collection and analysis of data and support for a group of
   analysts with interdisciplinary training in population dynamics,
   oceanography and ecology. This review supports the growing recognition
   that a diverse suite of modelling tools is needed to address tactical
   and strategic management issues germane to the adoption of the ecosystem
   approach to fisheries management.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hollowed, AB (Reprint Author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Hollowed, Anne B.; Aydin, Kerim Y.; Ianelli, James N.; Megrey, Bernard A., Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   Essington, Timothy E.; Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E.; Smith, Anthony D. M., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00413.x}},
ISSN = {{1467-2960}},
Keywords = {{Ecosystem approach to management; end-to-end models; fisheries
   management; individual-based models; management strategy evaluation;
   population dynamics; stock assessment}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; EASTERN BERING-SEA; ALASKA WALLEYE POLLOCK;
   MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; US WEST-COAST;
   SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; TROPHIC
   CASCADES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{anne.hollowed@noaa.gov}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Smith, Tony/A-4017-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{116}},
Times-Cited = {{27}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish. Fish.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{763FM}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000290540700006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

We consider the question of which quantitative modelling tools can be used to support an ecosystem approach to management (EAM), with a focus on evaluating the implication of decisions on the biological system being managed. Managers of federal fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea, USA, have adopted an EAM. The tools used to support EAM in the eastern Bering Sea serve as a guide to what types of models could be used elsewhere. A review of the role of natural science in the implementation of EAM shows that scientific advice enters into decision-making at a variety of steps. Single-species stock assessment and projection models are the most commonly used tools employed to inform managers. Comprehensive assessments (e.g. management strategy evaluation) are emerging as a new and potentially valuable analysis technique for use in assessing trade-offs of different strategic alternatives. In the case of management in the eastern Bering Sea, end-to-end models and coupled biophysical models have been used primarily to advance scientific understanding, but have not been applied in a management context. This review highlights that implementation of an EAM in a management environment such as eastern Bering Sea requires substantial commitments to the collection and analysis of data and support for a group of analysts with interdisciplinary training in population dynamics, oceanography and ecology. This review supports the growing recognition that a diverse suite of modelling tools is needed to address tactical and strategic management issues germane to the adoption of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management.

@article{ ISI:000287428500020,
Author = {Horbowy, Jan},
Title = {{Comparison of stock management with production, difference, and
   age-structured models using operating models}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{108}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{153-162}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Management strategy evaluation (MSE) was used to test the assessment and
   management performance of three assessment methods in combination with
   harvest control rules. The assessment procedures considered were: the
   eXtended Survivors Analysis (XSA), the Schaefer production model, and
   the difference model. Four HCRs were considered: first, fishing
   mortality was set on the basis of the relationship between the current
   biomass and a reference biomass; second, fishing mortality was gradually
   reduced (or increased) until it reached a required target; and the third
   and the fourth HCRs were similar to the first and second but with
   imposed TAC constraints. The stock that was generated in the operating
   model (OM) resembled the eastern Baltic cod stock. For the XSA
   assessment, two options were used: XSA with default shrinkage of
   terminal fishing mortality to the average of the estimates, and XSA with
   low shrinkage. The simulations showed that for stock assessment, the XSA
   models performed much better than the difference and Schaefer models.
   However, for the data tested, the difference and Schaefer models
   performed somewhat better in terms of management performance than the
   XSA models, especially the XSA model with default shrinkage. (C) 2010
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Horbowy, J (Reprint Author), Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Dpt Fisheries Resources, Kollataja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland.
   Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Dpt Fisheries Resources, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.015}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Stock; Assessment; Model; Management; MSE}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STRATEGIES; PERFORMANCE; YIELD}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{horbowy@mir.gdynia.pl}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}SSP8-CT-2003-502516]}},
Funding-Text = {{Part of the present work was conducted with funding support provided by
   the EU under contract EFIMAS, Project no.: SSP8-CT-2003-502516. The
   comments and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers are appreciated
   and helped to improve the final version of the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{722JM}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287428500020}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) was used to test the assessment and management performance of three assessment methods in combination with harvest control rules. The assessment procedures considered were: the eXtended Survivors Analysis (XSA), the Schaefer production model, and the difference model. Four HCRs were considered: first, fishing mortality was set on the basis of the relationship between the current biomass and a reference biomass; second, fishing mortality was gradually reduced (or increased) until it reached a required target; and the third and the fourth HCRs were similar to the first and second but with imposed TAC constraints. The stock that was generated in the operating model (OM) resembled the eastern Baltic cod stock. For the XSA assessment, two options were used: XSA with default shrinkage of terminal fishing mortality to the average of the estimates, and XSA with low shrinkage. The simulations showed that for stock assessment, the XSA models performed much better than the difference and Schaefer models. However, for the data tested, the difference and Schaefer models performed somewhat better in terms of management performance than the XSA models, especially the XSA model with default shrinkage. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000283619600010,
Author = {Scott, Robert D. and Sampson, David B.},
Title = {{The sensitivity of long-term yield targets to changes in fishery
   age-selectivity}},
Journal = {{MARINE POLICY}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{35}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{79-84}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been adopted as the primary
   management goal by several inter-government fishery organisations, and
   in the United States it forms the cornerstone of federal fishery
   management policy. MSY became a strategic goal for the management of
   Europe's fisheries following the resolution of the World Summit on
   Sustainable Development in 2002 to restore or maintain fish stocks to
   MSY levels by 2015. Calculation of MSY requires information on the rate
   at which biomass increases through growth and reproduction and the rate
   at which it decreases through natural mortality and fishing.
   Population-selection, which measures the age-specific rates of fishing
   mortality, is a key component for the calculation of yield as a function
   of fishing mortality and MSY, yet selection rarely features in either
   management advice or sensitivity analyses. Effective management of
   selection can potentially lead to increases in long-term yield, but
   before taking action managers need to understand what long-term
   increases are possible. Using a hypothetical stock, equilibrium yield
   curves were calculated for three scenarios in which the shape of the
   population-selection curve varied. The results illustrate the potential
   extent of variation in MSY and the corresponding fishing mortality
   required to achieve it (F(MSY)) that may result solely due to changes in
   population selectivity. They show that relatively subtle changes in
   selection can produce substantial differences in MSY and F(MSY). The
   results are discussed with specific reference to the development of
   long-term management targets and the mechanisms by which managers might
   try to influence population-selection. Crown Copyright (C) 2010
   Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Scott, RD (Reprint Author), IPSC Maritime Affairs Unit, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, TP051,Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Scott, Robert D.; Sampson, David B., IPSC Maritime Affairs Unit, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
   Scott, Robert D., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Sampson, David B., Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
   Sampson, David B., Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries \& Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.marpol.2010.08.005}},
ISSN = {{0308-597X}},
Keywords = {{Fishery selection; MSY; Reference points; Population dynamics;
   Selectivity; Long-term management}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE-YIELD; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; REFERENCE POINTS;
   GEARS; MSY}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Studies; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{robert.scott@jrc.ec.europa.eu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Scott, Robert/B-8365-2013}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
Times-Cited = {{19}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Pol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{672XF}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283619600010}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been adopted as the primary management goal by several inter-government fishery organisations, and in the United States it forms the cornerstone of federal fishery management policy. MSY became a strategic goal for the management of Europe's fisheries following the resolution of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 to restore or maintain fish stocks to MSY levels by 2015. Calculation of MSY requires information on the rate at which biomass increases through growth and reproduction and the rate at which it decreases through natural mortality and fishing. Population-selection, which measures the age-specific rates of fishing mortality, is a key component for the calculation of yield as a function of fishing mortality and MSY, yet selection rarely features in either management advice or sensitivity analyses. Effective management of selection can potentially lead to increases in long-term yield, but before taking action managers need to understand what long-term increases are possible. Using a hypothetical stock, equilibrium yield curves were calculated for three scenarios in which the shape of the population-selection curve varied. The results illustrate the potential extent of variation in MSY and the corresponding fishing mortality required to achieve it (F(MSY)) that may result solely due to changes in population selectivity. They show that relatively subtle changes in selection can produce substantial differences in MSY and F(MSY). The results are discussed with specific reference to the development of long-term management targets and the mechanisms by which managers might try to influence population-selection. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{Hillary2011,
  doi = {10.1139/f2011-047},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1139/f2011-047},
  year  = {2011},
  month = {aug},
  publisher = {Canadian Science Publishing},
  volume = {68},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1387--1407},
  author = {Richard Hillary and Ray Hilborn},
  title = {Bayesian integrated survey-based assessments: an example applied to North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) survey data},
  journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences}
}

@book{2010,
  doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001},
  year  = {2010},
  month = {feb},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  editor = {Manuel Barange and John G. Field and Roger P. Harris and Eileen E. Hofmann and R. Ian Perry and Francisco Werner},
  title = {Marine Ecosystems and Global Change}
}

@article{ ISI:000284429600013,
Author = {Brunel, Thomas},
Title = {{Age-structure-dependent recruitment: a meta-analysis applied to
   Northeast Atlantic fish stocks}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{1921-1930}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Exploitation alters the age structure of fish stocks. Several
   stock-specific studies have suggested that changes in the age structure
   might have consequences for subsequent recruitment, but the evidence is
   not universal. To investigate how common such effects are among 39
   Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, relationships were tested between age
   structure (spawner mean age, age diversity, and proportion of recruit
   spawners) and recruitment (number of recruits, sensitivity to
   environment, and recruitment variability). Significant correlations in
   the expected direction were observed for a few stocks, but not for the
   majority; significant correlations in the opposite direction were also
   found. Meta-analyses combining the stock-level tests revealed that none
   of the effects were significant overall. However, effects were
   significant for some species (cod, haddock, and plaice) and indices. The
   low variability in the age structure might explain the absence of
   significant effects for individual stocks. Other reasons could be the
   absence of a biological basis (reproductive characteristics not
   dependent on age) or the stronger influence of environmental variability
   than of age structure on recruitment.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Brunel, T (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq032}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{maternal effects; recruitment; reproductive potential; temperature
   effect; variability}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; SPAWNING STOCK; REPRODUCTIVE
   SUCCESS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MATERNAL AGE; BALTIC COD; SIZE;
   POPULATION; MANAGEMENT}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{thomas.brunel@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Brunel, Thomas/B-8435-2009}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Food Quality}},
Funding-Text = {{I thank Mark Dickey-Collas, Joanne Morgan, Adriaan Rijnsdorp, and Peter
   Wright for their useful comments on the manuscript. The study was
   supported by the strategic research programme ``Sustainable spatial
   development of ecosystems, landscapes, seas and regions{''} funded by
   the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Food Quality.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{32}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{682UX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284429600013}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Exploitation alters the age structure of fish stocks. Several stock-specific studies have suggested that changes in the age structure might have consequences for subsequent recruitment, but the evidence is not universal. To investigate how common such effects are among 39 Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, relationships were tested between age structure (spawner mean age, age diversity, and proportion of recruit spawners) and recruitment (number of recruits, sensitivity to environment, and recruitment variability). Significant correlations in the expected direction were observed for a few stocks, but not for the majority; significant correlations in the opposite direction were also found. Meta-analyses combining the stock-level tests revealed that none of the effects were significant overall. However, effects were significant for some species (cod, haddock, and plaice) and indices. The low variability in the age structure might explain the absence of significant effects for individual stocks. Other reasons could be the absence of a biological basis (reproductive characteristics not dependent on age) or the stronger influence of environmental variability than of age structure on recruitment.

@article{ ISI:000284429600017,
Author = {Da Rocha, Jose-Maria and Cervino, Santiago and Gutierrez, Maria-Jose},
Title = {{An endogenous bioeconomic optimization algorithm to evaluate recovery
   plans: an application to southern hake}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{1957-1962}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Recovery plans were analysed by introducing social and economic
   behaviour and endogenous disinvestment decisions into bioeconomic
   models. Considering these endogenous constraints, a dynamic optimization
   problem was solved to find fishing mortality (F) trajectories that
   maximize discounted profits per vessel, subject to recovery of the stock
   to a spawning-stock biomass (SSB) target in 2015. The algorithm
   developed was used to assess the southern hake recovery plan. Three
   scenarios were analysed: (1) represents the current plan with an annual
   10\% reduction in F; (2) represents the optimum trajectory where profits
   must be positive all along and the SSB target is reached no later than
   2015, and (3) represents the optimum trajectory allowing profits to be
   negative. The results from (3) indicate that if economic and social
   restrictions are not considered a prior condition, the optimum solution
   implies a fleet reduction in 2010 and 2011. Comparing (1) and (2), our
   results suggest that reducing F to 0.30 by 2010 achieves the recovery
   target in 2012, increases the net present profits by 7.7\% relative to
   the current plan, and is compatible with maintaining the current fleet
   size.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Da Rocha, JM (Reprint Author), Univ Vigo, Fac CC Econ, Campus Univ Lagoas Marcosende,CP 36200, Vigo 36310, Spain.
   Da Rocha, Jose-Maria, Univ Vigo, Fac CC Econ, Vigo 36310, Spain.
   Cervino, Santiago, Ctr Oceanog Vigo, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Vigo 36200, Spain.
   Gutierrez, Maria-Jose, Univ Pais Vasco UPV EHU, Bilbao 48015, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq116}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{control in age-structured models; economic assessment; endogenous
   bioeconomic optimization algorithm; fishery management optimization;
   southern hake recovery plan}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA; AGE ESTIMATION; FISHERIES; GROWTH; STRATEGY; MODELS; STOCK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{jmrocha@uvigo.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/C-1141-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gutierrez, Maria-Jose/0000-0003-3074-0854
   cervino, santiago/0000-0003-4146-0890}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Ministry of Education and Science {[}ECO2009-14697-C02-01, 02];
   Basque Government {[}IT-241-07, HM-2009-1-21]; Commission of the
   European Communities}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Niels Daan, Denis Bailly, Doug Wilson, Sarah Kraak, and the
   participants of the UNCOVER symposium for their comments. Carmen
   Fernandez provided the results from the Bayesian model with discards.
   Financial aid from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science
   (ECO2009-14697-C02-01 and 02) and the Basque Government (IT-241-07 and
   HM-2009-1-21) is gratefully acknowledged. This study was carried out
   with the financial support from the Commission of the European
   Communities, SSP-4 project ``Understanding the mechanisms of Stock
   Recovery{''}.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{13}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{682UX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284429600017}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Recovery plans were analysed by introducing social and economic behaviour and endogenous disinvestment decisions into bioeconomic models. Considering these endogenous constraints, a dynamic optimization problem was solved to find fishing mortality (F) trajectories that maximize discounted profits per vessel, subject to recovery of the stock to a spawning-stock biomass (SSB) target in 2015. The algorithm developed was used to assess the southern hake recovery plan. Three scenarios were analysed: (1) represents the current plan with an annual 10% reduction in F; (2) represents the optimum trajectory where profits must be positive all along and the SSB target is reached no later than 2015, and (3) represents the optimum trajectory allowing profits to be negative. The results from (3) indicate that if economic and social restrictions are not considered a prior condition, the optimum solution implies a fleet reduction in 2010 and 2011. Comparing (1) and (2), our results suggest that reducing F to 0.30 by 2010 achieves the recovery target in 2012, increases the net present profits by 7.7% relative to the current plan, and is compatible with maintaining the current fleet size.

@article{ ISI:000284429600022,
Author = {Howell, Daniel and Bogstad, Bjarte},
Title = {{A combined Gadget/FLR model for management strategy evaluations of the
   Barents Sea fisheries}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{1998-2004}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{A biologically sensible age-length structured multispecies Gadget model
   (incorporating minke whales, cod, herring, and capelin) for the Barents
   Sea-acting as the operating model-has been linked to Fisheries Library
   in R-acting as the management procedure-to perform management strategy
   evaluations. Assessments may be run using either XSA, survey-based
   methods, or by taking modelled stock numbers directly. Total allowable
   catches are based on the assessment and harvest control rules (HCRs).
   The tool can be used for assessing a wide variety of sources of
   uncertainties within the assessment process. Model structure and
   linkages are described and a fit to the historical data is presented. A
   base case of future dynamic (non-steady state) stock trends, based on
   the existing HCRs, is compared with alternative management and
   environmental scenarios. The relative differences for each scenario in
   terms of stock size and catches highlight a number of uncertainties
   within the biological and fisheries system. The results indicate that
   the current management rules are robust to the range of scenarios
   examined so far.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Howell, D (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Howell, Daniel; Bogstad, Bjarte, Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq135}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{Barents Sea; capelin; FLR; management strategy evaluation; minke whales;
   multispecies modelling; northeast Arctic cod; Norwegian spring-spawning
   herring; operating model}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA;
   MORTALITY-RATES; FISH STOCKS; PREDATION; ECOSYSTEM; LARVAE; RECRUITMENT;
   ABUNDANCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{daniel.howell@imr.no}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was done with the financial support from the Commission of
   the European Communities, specifically the RTD programme ``Specific
   Support to Policies{''}, SSP-4-FISH-Area 8.1.B.1.3: Task 2
   ``Understanding the mechanisms of Stock Recovery-UNCOVER{''}. It does
   not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission and in no way
   anticipates its future policy in this area. We also thank Felipe Hurtado
   Ferro, Hans-Harald Hinrichsen, and the guest editor for their comments,
   which helped to improve the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{682UX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284429600022}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A biologically sensible age-length structured multispecies Gadget model (incorporating minke whales, cod, herring, and capelin) for the Barents Sea-acting as the operating model-has been linked to Fisheries Library in R-acting as the management procedure-to perform management strategy evaluations. Assessments may be run using either XSA, survey-based methods, or by taking modelled stock numbers directly. Total allowable catches are based on the assessment and harvest control rules (HCRs). The tool can be used for assessing a wide variety of sources of uncertainties within the assessment process. Model structure and linkages are described and a fit to the historical data is presented. A base case of future dynamic (non-steady state) stock trends, based on the existing HCRs, is compared with alternative management and environmental scenarios. The relative differences for each scenario in terms of stock size and catches highlight a number of uncertainties within the biological and fisheries system. The results indicate that the current management rules are robust to the range of scenarios examined so far.

@article{ ISI:000283121900027,
Author = {Hoff, Ayoe and Frost, Hans and Ulrich, Clara and Damalas, Dimitrios and
   Maravelias, Christos D. and Goti, Leyre and Santurtun, Marina},
Title = {{Economic effort management in multispecies fisheries: the FcubEcon model}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1802-1810}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Hoff, A., Frost, H., Ulrich, C., Damalas, D., Maravelias, C. D., Goti,
   L., and Santurtun, M. 2010. Economic effort management in multispecies
   fisheries: the FcubEcon model. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67:
   1802-1810.
   Applying single-species assessment and quotas in multispecies fisheries
   can lead to overfishing or quota underutilization, because advice can be
   conflicting when different stocks are caught within the same fishery.
   During the past decade, increased focus on this issue has resulted in
   the development of management tools based on fleets, fisheries, and
   areas, rather than on unit fish stocks. A natural consequence of this
   has been to consider effort rather than quota management, a final effort
   decision being based on fleet-harvest potential and
   fish-stock-preservation considerations. Effort allocation between fleets
   should not be based on biological considerations alone, but also on the
   economic behaviour of fishers, because fisheries management has a
   significant impact on human behaviour as well as on ecosystem
   development. The FcubEcon management framework for effort allocation
   between fleets and fisheries is presented, based on the economic
   optimization of a fishery's earnings while complying with
   stock-preservation criteria. Through case studies of two European
   fisheries, it is shown how fishery earnings can be increased
   significantly by reallocating effort between fisheries in an
   economically optimal manner, in both effort-management and single-quota
   management settings.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hoff, A (Reprint Author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   Hoff, Ayoe; Frost, Hans, Univ Copenhagen, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara, Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Damalas, Dimitrios; Maravelias, Christos D., Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavyssos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Santurtun, Marina, AZTI Tecnalia Invest Marina, Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq076}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{bioeconomic model; economically optimal management; effort management;
   mixed-fisheries management}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ah@foi.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ulrich, Clara/F-3583-2011
   Frost, Hans Staby/E-1213-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Frost, Hans Staby/0000-0002-5680-4695}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen}},
Funding-Text = {{The work presented here was performed under the 6th Framework Programme
   AFRAME (a framework for fleet- and area-based management). We thank two
   anonymous referees and the editor whose comments on the submitted draft
   proved most useful. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges
   for this article was provided by the Institute of Food and Resource
   Economics, University of Copenhagen.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{666NK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283121900027}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Hoff, A., Frost, H., Ulrich, C., Damalas, D., Maravelias, C. D., Goti, L., and Santurtun, M. 2010. Economic effort management in multispecies fisheries: the FcubEcon model. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1802-1810. Applying single-species assessment and quotas in multispecies fisheries can lead to overfishing or quota underutilization, because advice can be conflicting when different stocks are caught within the same fishery. During the past decade, increased focus on this issue has resulted in the development of management tools based on fleets, fisheries, and areas, rather than on unit fish stocks. A natural consequence of this has been to consider effort rather than quota management, a final effort decision being based on fleet-harvest potential and fish-stock-preservation considerations. Effort allocation between fleets should not be based on biological considerations alone, but also on the economic behaviour of fishers, because fisheries management has a significant impact on human behaviour as well as on ecosystem development. The FcubEcon management framework for effort allocation between fleets and fisheries is presented, based on the economic optimization of a fishery's earnings while complying with stock-preservation criteria. Through case studies of two European fisheries, it is shown how fishery earnings can be increased significantly by reallocating effort between fisheries in an economically optimal manner, in both effort-management and single-quota management settings.

@article{ ISI:000280919600019,
Author = {Maravelias, Christos D. and Hillary, Richard and Haralabous, John and
   Tsitsika, Efthymia V.},
Title = {{Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management measures for
   anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1291-1300}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Maravelias, C. D., Hillary, R., Haralabous, J., and Tsitsika, E. V.
   2010. Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management
   measures for anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea. - ICES Journal of Marine
   Science, 67: 1291-1300.
   The purse-seine fishery for anchovy in the Aegean Sea consists of two
   main fleet segments (12-24 and 24-40 m vessels); this paper investigates
   economically and biologically preferable effort and capacity scenarios
   for the fishery. Attention is paid to a bioeconomic analysis of fleets
   composed of segments with varying levels of efficiency ( in terms of
   catch rate) and costs ( fixed and variable) and the role this might play
   in optimal effort allocation at a fleet level. An age-structured
   stochastic bioeconomic operating model for Aegean anchovy (Engraulis
   encrasicolus) is constructed. It attempts to account robustly for the
   multiple uncertainties in the system, including (i) the effort-fishing
   mortality relationship, (ii) the selectivity, and (iii) the
   stock-recruit dynamics of the population. A method is proposed for
   determining the economically optimal level of long-term effort in a
   fishery such as this, with similar characteristics in terms of stock
   dynamics, fishery, and markets. Lower values of effort and capacity are
   predicted to yield greater future profit when viewing the fleet in its
   entirety, but even lower values may be advisable to maintain the
   long-term biological integrity of the stock. The results may prove
   useful in balancing the productivity of the stock with the harvesting
   capacity of the fleet, while managing to ensure the long-term
   profitability of the fleet along with the sustainability of the
   resource.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Maravelias, CD (Reprint Author), HCMR, 46-7 Km Athens Sounio,POB 712, Anavissos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Maravelias, Christos D.; Haralabous, John; Tsitsika, Efthymia V., HCMR, Anavissos 19013, Attica, Greece.
   Hillary, Richard, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PL, Berks, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq018}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{anchovy; bioeconomic; capacity; effort; management; Mediterranean Sea;
   MSE; operating model; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES; CAPACITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{cmaravel@ath.hcmr.gr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities Directorate General for Fisheries
   (DG XIV) {[}SSP-2004-022644]}},
Funding-Text = {{The paper was prepared with financial support provided by the Commission
   of the European Communities Directorate General for Fisheries (DG XIV)
   specific RTD program ``Specific Support to Policies{''}, under contract
   SSP-2004-022644 ``CAFE{''}. The results do not necessarily reflect the
   views and in no way anticipate the future policy of the European
   Commission.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{638TP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000280919600019}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Maravelias, C. D., Hillary, R., Haralabous, J., and Tsitsika, E. V. 2010. Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management measures for anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1291-1300. The purse-seine fishery for anchovy in the Aegean Sea consists of two main fleet segments (12-24 and 24-40 m vessels); this paper investigates economically and biologically preferable effort and capacity scenarios for the fishery. Attention is paid to a bioeconomic analysis of fleets composed of segments with varying levels of efficiency ( in terms of catch rate) and costs ( fixed and variable) and the role this might play in optimal effort allocation at a fleet level. An age-structured stochastic bioeconomic operating model for Aegean anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is constructed. It attempts to account robustly for the multiple uncertainties in the system, including (i) the effort-fishing mortality relationship, (ii) the selectivity, and (iii) the stock-recruit dynamics of the population. A method is proposed for determining the economically optimal level of long-term effort in a fishery such as this, with similar characteristics in terms of stock dynamics, fishery, and markets. Lower values of effort and capacity are predicted to yield greater future profit when viewing the fleet in its entirety, but even lower values may be advisable to maintain the long-term biological integrity of the stock. The results may prove useful in balancing the productivity of the stock with the harvesting capacity of the fleet, while managing to ensure the long-term profitability of the fleet along with the sustainability of the resource.

@article{ ISI:000281393700002,
Author = {Beare, Doug and Hoelker, Franz and Engelhard, Georg H. and McKenzie,
   Eddie and Reid, David G.},
Title = {{An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected
   by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age}},
Journal = {{NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{97}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{797-808}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attaining increasing importance in the
   management of marine ecosystems. They are effective for conservation in
   tropical and subtropical areas (mainly coral and rocky reefs), but it is
   debated whether they are useful in the management of migratory fish
   stocks in open temperate regions. World War II created a large marine
   area within which commercial fishing was prevented for 6 years. Here we
   analyse scientific trawl data for three important North Sea gadoids,
   collected between 1928 and 1958. Using statistical models to summarise
   the data, we demonstrate the potential of MPAs for expediting the
   recovery of over-exploited fisheries in open temperate regions. Our
   age-structured data and population models suggest that wild fish stocks
   will respond rapidly and positively to reductions in harvesting rates
   and that the numbers of older fish in a population will react before,
   and in much greater proportion, than their younger counterparts in a
   kind of Mexican wave. Our analyses demonstrate both the overall increase
   in survival due to the lack of harvesting in the War and the form of the
   age-dependent wave in numbers. We conclude that large closed areas can
   be very useful in the conservation of migratory species from temperate
   areas and that older fish benefit fastest and in greater proportion.
   Importantly, any rise in spawning stock biomass may also not immediately
   result in better recruitment, which can respond more slowly and hence
   take longer to contribute to higher future harvestable biomass levels.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Beare, D (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, Haringkade 1,Postbus 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Beare, Doug, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Hoelker, Franz, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol \& Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
   Engelhard, Georg H., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
   McKenzie, Eddie, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat \& Modelling Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
   Reid, David G., Inst Marine, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland.
   Beare, Doug; Hoelker, Franz, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00114-010-0696-5}},
ISSN = {{0028-1042}},
Keywords = {{Marine protected areas; North Sea; World War II; Age-structured
   population; Gadoids; Exploitation; Mortality}},
Keywords-Plus = {{OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION;
   MANAGEMENT}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{doug.beare@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/F-8299-2010
   Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/0000-0003-0609-3845
   Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X
   Engelhard, Georg H./0000-0002-7821-7029
   Reid, Dave/0000-0002-8494-0918}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities {[}022644]; Joint Research
   Centre; European Union; UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural
   Affairs {[}MA010, M1108]}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank Marine Science Scotland in Aberdeen for providing
   the valuable datasets upon which this work is based and to the crews of
   the research vessels (Explorer I, Explorer II and Scotia I) who actually
   went to sea in all weathers to catch the fish. This study was carried
   out with financial support from the Commission of the European
   Communities, under the program ``Specific Support to Policies{''},
   contract no. 022644 ({''}Capacity, F and Effort{''}). Work was also
   partially funded by the Exploratory Research Program of the Joint
   Research Centre. The original idea to re-examine the WWII effect come
   from a brief discussion Doug Beare had with Hendrik Doerner in the Joint
   Research Centre cafeteria after lunch one day. GHE was also supported by
   the European Union's FP6 project RECLAIM and the UK's Department for
   Environment, Food and Rural Affairs projects MA010 (Fisheries Supporting
   Studies) and M1108 (100 Years of Change). The funders had no role in
   study design, data collation and analysis, decision to publish or
   preparation of the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Naturwissenschaften}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{644QD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000281393700002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attaining increasing importance in the management of marine ecosystems. They are effective for conservation in tropical and subtropical areas (mainly coral and rocky reefs), but it is debated whether they are useful in the management of migratory fish stocks in open temperate regions. World War II created a large marine area within which commercial fishing was prevented for 6 years. Here we analyse scientific trawl data for three important North Sea gadoids, collected between 1928 and 1958. Using statistical models to summarise the data, we demonstrate the potential of MPAs for expediting the recovery of over-exploited fisheries in open temperate regions. Our age-structured data and population models suggest that wild fish stocks will respond rapidly and positively to reductions in harvesting rates and that the numbers of older fish in a population will react before, and in much greater proportion, than their younger counterparts in a kind of Mexican wave. Our analyses demonstrate both the overall increase in survival due to the lack of harvesting in the War and the form of the age-dependent wave in numbers. We conclude that large closed areas can be very useful in the conservation of migratory species from temperate areas and that older fish benefit fastest and in greater proportion. Importantly, any rise in spawning stock biomass may also not immediately result in better recruitment, which can respond more slowly and hence take longer to contribute to higher future harvestable biomass levels.

@article{ ISI:000279549500001,
Author = {Vermard, Youen and Rivot, Etienne and Mahevas, Stephanie and Marchal,
   Paul and Gascuel, Didier},
Title = {{Identifying fishing trip behaviour and estimating fishing effort from
   VMS data using Bayesian Hidden Markov Models}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL MODELLING}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{221}},
Number = {{15}},
Pages = {{1757-1769}},
Month = {{JUL 24}},
Abstract = {{Recent advances in technologies have lead to a vast influx of data on
   movements, based on discrete recorded position of animals or fishing
   boats, opening new horizons for future analyses. However, most of the
   potential interest of tracking data depends on the ability to develop
   suitable modelling strategies to analyze trajectories from discrete
   recorded positions. A serious modelling challenge is to infer the
   evolution of the true position and the associated spatio-temporal
   distribution of behavioural states using discrete, error-prone and
   incomplete observations. In this paper, a Bayesian Hierarchical Model
   (HBM) using Hidden Markov Process (HMP) is proposed as a template for
   analyzing fishing boats trajectories based on data available from
   satellite-based vessel monitoring systems (VMS). The analysis seeks to
   enhance the definition of the fishing pressure exerted on fish stocks,
   by discriminating between the different behavioural states of a fishing
   trip, and also by quantifying the relative importance of each of these
   states during a fishing trip. The HBM approach is tested to analyse the
   behaviour of pelagic trawlers in the Bay of Biscay. A hidden Markov
   chain with a regular discrete time step is used to model transitions
   between successive behavioural states (e.g., fishing, steaming, stopping
   (at Port or at sea)) of each vessel. The parameters of the movement
   process (speed and turning angles) are defined conditionally upon the
   behavioural states. Bayesian methods are used to integrate the available
   data (typically VMS position recorded at discrete time) and to draw
   inferences on any unknown parameters of the model. The model is first
   tested on simulated data with different parameters structures. Results
   provide insights on the potential of HBM with HMP to analyze VMS data.
   They show that if VMS positions are recorded synchronously with the
   instants at which the process switch from one behavioural state to
   another, the estimation method provides unbiased and precise inferences
   on behavioural states and on associated movement parameters. However, if
   the observations are not gathered with a sufficiently high frequency,
   the performance of the estimation method could be drastically impacted
   when the discrete observations are not synchronous with the switching
   instants. The model is then applied to real pathways to estimate
   variables of interest such as the number of operations per trip, time
   and distance spent fishing or travelling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vermard, Y (Reprint Author), 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne S Mer, France.
   Vermard, Youen; Marchal, Paul, IFREMER, Channel \& N Sea Fisheries Dept, F-62321 Boulogne S Mer, France.
   Vermard, Youen; Rivot, Etienne; Gascuel, Didier, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR Ecol \& Sante Ecosyst 985, F-35042 Rennes, France.
   Mahevas, Stephanie, IFREMER, Fisheries \& Ecol Modeling Dept, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.04.005}},
ISSN = {{0304-3800}},
Keywords = {{Bayesian Hierarchical Models; Hidden Markov Model; State-space model;
   VMS; Fleet behaviour; Fishing effort}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-RINGENS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   ISIS-FISH; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; FISHERIES; FLEET;
   IMPACT; DYNAMICS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{Youen.Vermard@ifremer.fr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gascuel, Didier/C-1439-2011
   martel, celine/M-9779-2014
   martel, celine/O-6651-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gascuel, Didier/0000-0001-5447-6977
   martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558
   martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558
   Marchal, Paul/0000-0003-2047-4599
   Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}022644]; Region Bretagne}},
Funding-Text = {{The work was funded through the CAFE project of the European Union
   (DG-Fish, contract no. 022644) and the Region Bretagne, for which
   support we are very grateful. We are also indebted to fishers, who
   kindly provided their VMS data on a voluntary basis and people from the
   French Fisheries Information System at IFREMER. The authors thank
   Marie-Pierre Etienne, AgroParis Tech, ENGREF, Paris, and Emily Walker
   and Nicolas Bez (IRD Sete) for helpful comments and discussions and the
   two anonymous referees for their relevant comments that have greatly
   improved the paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
Times-Cited = {{37}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Model.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{621BU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279549500001}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Recent advances in technologies have lead to a vast influx of data on movements, based on discrete recorded position of animals or fishing boats, opening new horizons for future analyses. However, most of the potential interest of tracking data depends on the ability to develop suitable modelling strategies to analyze trajectories from discrete recorded positions. A serious modelling challenge is to infer the evolution of the true position and the associated spatio-temporal distribution of behavioural states using discrete, error-prone and incomplete observations. In this paper, a Bayesian Hierarchical Model (HBM) using Hidden Markov Process (HMP) is proposed as a template for analyzing fishing boats trajectories based on data available from satellite-based vessel monitoring systems (VMS). The analysis seeks to enhance the definition of the fishing pressure exerted on fish stocks, by discriminating between the different behavioural states of a fishing trip, and also by quantifying the relative importance of each of these states during a fishing trip. The HBM approach is tested to analyse the behaviour of pelagic trawlers in the Bay of Biscay. A hidden Markov chain with a regular discrete time step is used to model transitions between successive behavioural states (e.g., fishing, steaming, stopping (at Port or at sea)) of each vessel. The parameters of the movement process (speed and turning angles) are defined conditionally upon the behavioural states. Bayesian methods are used to integrate the available data (typically VMS position recorded at discrete time) and to draw inferences on any unknown parameters of the model. The model is first tested on simulated data with different parameters structures. Results provide insights on the potential of HBM with HMP to analyze VMS data. They show that if VMS positions are recorded synchronously with the instants at which the process switch from one behavioural state to another, the estimation method provides unbiased and precise inferences on behavioural states and on associated movement parameters. However, if the observations are not gathered with a sufficiently high frequency, the performance of the estimation method could be drastically impacted when the discrete observations are not synchronous with the switching instants. The model is then applied to real pathways to estimate variables of interest such as the number of operations per trip, time and distance spent fishing or travelling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000279870500019,
Author = {Baudron, Alan and Ulrich, Clara and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and Boje, Jesper},
Title = {{Comparative evaluation of a mixed-fisheries effort-management system
   based on the Faroe Islands example}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1036-1050}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Total allowable catch (TAC) management has in many fisheries, especially
   mixed fisheries, failed to meet conservation objectives. For instance,
   for the Faroe Plateau mixed demersal fisheries, the TAC system failed to
   achieve the objective of an average annual fishing mortality of 0.45 for
   the three gadoid stocks cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus
   aeglefinus), and saithe (Pollachius virens). Therefore, in 1996, an
   effort-regulation system with individual transferable effort quotas was
   introduced to manage the fisheries. Experience has shown that effort
   management without additional stock-specific measures may not be
   appropriate for such fisheries. A management strategy evaluation model
   was developed to compare an effort-management system based on the
   Faroese example with a TAC system as currently applied in EU fisheries.
   Results show that when stocks are considered in isolation, a total
   allowable effort system does not necessarily perform better than a TAC
   one. It depends on stock status and dynamics, the level of uncertainty,
   and the reactivity of the system to changes in scientific advice. When
   the stocks are considered together in mixed fisheries, effort management
   seems, however, to be appropriate, and interannual flexibility of the
   system appears to be the best compromise between short- and long-term
   objectives, as well as between biological sustainability and economic
   return.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ulrich, C (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Ulrich, Clara; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Boje, Jesper, Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Baudron, Alan, Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp284}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{effort management; Faroe Islands; management strategy evaluation (MSE);
   mixed fisheries}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ICES ROUNDFISH STOCKS; STRATEGIES; SIMULATION; SUSTAINABILITY; CATCH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{clu@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ulrich, Clara/F-3583-2011}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}022686]; Faroese Fisheries Laboratory; Ministry of Fisheries and
   Maritime Affairs; Jan Hojgaard from the Fishermen's organisation in the
   Faroe Islands}},
Funding-Text = {{The study was realized within the EU FP6 CEVIS (Comparative Evaluations
   of Innovative Solutions in European Fisheries Management, Contract
   022686), and this support is gratefully acknowledged, though the
   findings do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European
   Commission. We also thank all the staff at the Faroese Fisheries
   Laboratory, as well as Andras Kristiansen from the Ministry of Fisheries
   and Maritime Affairs, and Jan Hojgaard from the Fishermen's organisation
   in the Faroe Islands, for their help and support during our stay on the
   Faroe Islands. Finally, we thank Katell Hamon for her help in the early
   part of our work, and Hans Lassen and two anonymous reviewers for highly
   constructive comments on earlier drafts of this work.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{625CR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279870500019}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Total allowable catch (TAC) management has in many fisheries, especially mixed fisheries, failed to meet conservation objectives. For instance, for the Faroe Plateau mixed demersal fisheries, the TAC system failed to achieve the objective of an average annual fishing mortality of 0.45 for the three gadoid stocks cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and saithe (Pollachius virens). Therefore, in 1996, an effort-regulation system with individual transferable effort quotas was introduced to manage the fisheries. Experience has shown that effort management without additional stock-specific measures may not be appropriate for such fisheries. A management strategy evaluation model was developed to compare an effort-management system based on the Faroese example with a TAC system as currently applied in EU fisheries. Results show that when stocks are considered in isolation, a total allowable effort system does not necessarily perform better than a TAC one. It depends on stock status and dynamics, the level of uncertainty, and the reactivity of the system to changes in scientific advice. When the stocks are considered together in mixed fisheries, effort management seems, however, to be appropriate, and interannual flexibility of the system appears to be the best compromise between short- and long-term objectives, as well as between biological sustainability and economic return.

@article{ ISI:000279870500021,
Author = {Lehuta, Sigrid and Mahevas, Stephanie and Petitgas, Pierre and
   Pelletier, Dominique},
Title = {{Combining sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to evaluate the impact of
   management measures with ISIS-Fish: marine protected areas for the Bay
   of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fishery}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1063-1075}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Spatio-seasonal explicit simulation models can predict the impact of
   spatial management measures on marine fish populations and fishing
   activities. As fisheries are complex systems, fisheries simulation
   models are often complex, with many uncertain parameters. Here, the
   methodology is provided to deliver fishery diagnostics within an
   uncertainty context using a complex simulation tool. A sensitivity
   analysis of the model is performed on model outputs using partial
   least-squares to identify the most sensitive parameters. The impact of
   several management measures is then simulated using a statistical
   simulation design taking into account the uncertainty of the selected
   sensitive parameters. This approach was applied to the Bay of Biscay
   anchovy stock using the ISIS-Fish (Integration of Spatial Information
   for Simulation of Fisheries) model to assess the impact of imposing
   marine protected areas (MPAs) conditionally on parameter uncertainty.
   The diagnostic appeared to be highly sensitive to the mortality of
   larvae and juveniles, growth, and reproduction. The uncertainty of the
   values of these parameters did not permit any of the simulated MPA
   designs to be proposed. However, according to anchovy catch and biomass,
   the simulations allowed the low impact of closure duration to be shown
   and underscored the utility of protecting such key processes as
   spawning.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lehuta, S (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Rue Ile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Lehuta, Sigrid; Mahevas, Stephanie; Petitgas, Pierre, IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Pelletier, Dominique, IFREMER, Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzane, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq002}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{Bay of Biscay anchovy; marine protected area; sensitivity analysis;
   simulation; uncertainty analysis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POPULATION-GROWTH; DYNAMIC-MODEL; NE ATLANTIC; ENVIRONMENT; INDICATORS;
   STRATEGIES; SURVIVAL; RESERVES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{sigrid.lehuta@ifremer.fr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Pelletier, Dominique/0000-0003-2420-1942
   Lehuta, Sigrid/0000-0002-0807-4675}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}022717]}},
Funding-Text = {{The work was partly financed by the EU project UNCOVER (FP6, contract
   022717). We thank Andres Uriarte and Leire Ibaibarriaga (AZTI) for
   providing information on the Spanish fishery, and Jean-Pierre Gauchi
   (INRA), Mostafa el Qannari (ENITIAA) and members of the MEXICO network
   for methodological support. Benjamin Poussin provided helpful assistance
   in programming. The study was carried out using logbook data registered
   by the French Fisheries Ministry (DPMA) and extracted from Harmonic, the
   database containing the French fisheries information system managed by
   Ifremer. Finally, we thank Gerd Kraus and two anonymous referees for
   valued comments that helped us improve the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
Times-Cited = {{19}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{625CR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279870500021}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Spatio-seasonal explicit simulation models can predict the impact of spatial management measures on marine fish populations and fishing activities. As fisheries are complex systems, fisheries simulation models are often complex, with many uncertain parameters. Here, the methodology is provided to deliver fishery diagnostics within an uncertainty context using a complex simulation tool. A sensitivity analysis of the model is performed on model outputs using partial least-squares to identify the most sensitive parameters. The impact of several management measures is then simulated using a statistical simulation design taking into account the uncertainty of the selected sensitive parameters. This approach was applied to the Bay of Biscay anchovy stock using the ISIS-Fish (Integration of Spatial Information for Simulation of Fisheries) model to assess the impact of imposing marine protected areas (MPAs) conditionally on parameter uncertainty. The diagnostic appeared to be highly sensitive to the mortality of larvae and juveniles, growth, and reproduction. The uncertainty of the values of these parameters did not permit any of the simulated MPA designs to be proposed. However, according to anchovy catch and biomass, the simulations allowed the low impact of closure duration to be shown and underscored the utility of protecting such key processes as spawning.

@article{ ISI:000279128000003,
Author = {Kurota, Hiroyuki and Hiramatsu, Kazuhiko and Takahashi, Norio and Shono,
   Hiroshi and Itoh, Tomoyuki and Tsuji, Sachiko},
Title = {{Developing a management procedure robust to uncertainty for southern
   bluefin tuna: a somewhat frustrating struggle to bridge the gap between
   ideals and reality}},
Journal = {{POPULATION ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{52}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{359-372}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Fisheries management is conducted to achieve sustainable use of fishery
   resources, mainly through regulation of fishing activities. For almost a
   decade, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna
   (CCSBT) struggled to reach agreement on a total allowable catch (TAC)
   for southern bluefin tuna (SBT) because of stock assessment
   uncertainties. To address this, in 2002 the CCSBT commenced development
   of a management procedure (MP), a pre-agreed set of rules to determine
   how the TAC will be adjusted as new monitoring data become available.
   The CCSBT Scientific Committee tested various candidate MPs using
   operating models which simulate fish population and fishery dynamics as
   well as incorporate process, observation, and model uncertainties.
   Candidate MPs were evaluated using performance measures related to the
   following management objectives: maximize catches, avoid stock collapse,
   and minimize interannual catch variation. Of the MPs explored, some
   relied solely on empirical data {[}i.e., adjusted TAC based on catch per
   unit effort (CPUE) trends], whereas others were more complicated, based
   on population models. In 2005, the CCSBT adopted a model-based MP that
   realized a moderate catch with low variability and avoided stock
   collapse. This MP struck a compromise between the risk-prone and
   risk-averse standpoints of the different stakeholders. However, despite
   this concerted scientific effort, the MP was not implemented because,
   shortly after its adoption, it became evident that historical catches
   may have been substantially underreported. This complication
   necessitates returning to near the beginning of the development process.
   MP approaches have various advantages and challenges to be explored
   further. However, it is essential to lessen human-introduced uncertainty
   (such as catch misreporting) by enhanced enforcement, and to increase
   management robustness to biological uncertainties by implementing MPs.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER TOKYO}},
Address = {{1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kurota, H (Reprint Author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan.
   Kurota, Hiroyuki; Takahashi, Norio; Shono, Hiroshi; Itoh, Tomoyuki; Tsuji, Sachiko, Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan.
   Hiramatsu, Kazuhiko, Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere \& Ocean Res Inst, Chiba 2778564, Japan.
   Tsuji, Sachiko, FAO, Dept Fisheries \& Aquaculture, I-00153 Rome, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10144-010-0201-1}},
ISSN = {{1438-3896}},
Keywords = {{CCSBT; Fisheries management; Harvest control rule; Management strategy
   evaluation; Precautionary management}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; FLOUNDERING ATTEMPT; STOCK ASSESSMENT; LESSONS;
   SYSTEMS; STRATEGIES; MODEL; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{kurota@affrc.go.jp}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Japan Fisheries Agency}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank a number of colleagues in the CCSBT Scientific Committee for
   fruitful discussions on the SBT MP development exercise over many years.
   The entire MP development process required substantial effort by all
   members of the SC, in particular by Ana Parma as a coordinator as well
   as Vivian Haist and Trevor Branch as consultant programmers. We would
   like to express our gratitude to Doug Butterworth for his valuable
   comments and for improving our English phraseology in earlier versions
   of this manuscript. Dale Kolody, Marinelle Basson, and Chin-Hwa Sun
   provided valuable comments that improved this manuscript and/or gave us
   an opportunity to introduce MPs developed by them in ESM. We also thank
   Rob Ahrens and Nathan Taylor for improving the English. Two anonymous
   reviewers are thanked for comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
   This paper arises from projects funded by the Japan Fisheries Agency.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{82}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
Journal-ISO = {{Popul. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{615IK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279128000003}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Fisheries management is conducted to achieve sustainable use of fishery resources, mainly through regulation of fishing activities. For almost a decade, the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) struggled to reach agreement on a total allowable catch (TAC) for southern bluefin tuna (SBT) because of stock assessment uncertainties. To address this, in 2002 the CCSBT commenced development of a management procedure (MP), a pre-agreed set of rules to determine how the TAC will be adjusted as new monitoring data become available. The CCSBT Scientific Committee tested various candidate MPs using operating models which simulate fish population and fishery dynamics as well as incorporate process, observation, and model uncertainties. Candidate MPs were evaluated using performance measures related to the following management objectives: maximize catches, avoid stock collapse, and minimize interannual catch variation. Of the MPs explored, some relied solely on empirical data [i.e., adjusted TAC based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) trends], whereas others were more complicated, based on population models. In 2005, the CCSBT adopted a model-based MP that realized a moderate catch with low variability and avoided stock collapse. This MP struck a compromise between the risk-prone and risk-averse standpoints of the different stakeholders. However, despite this concerted scientific effort, the MP was not implemented because, shortly after its adoption, it became evident that historical catches may have been substantially underreported. This complication necessitates returning to near the beginning of the development process. MP approaches have various advantages and challenges to be explored further. However, it is essential to lessen human-introduced uncertainty (such as catch misreporting) by enhanced enforcement, and to increase management robustness to biological uncertainties by implementing MPs.

@article{ ISI:000277321000002,
Author = {Frisk, M. G. and Martell, S. J. D. and Miller, T. J. and Sosebee, K.},
Title = {{Exploring the population dynamics of winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)
   in the Georges Bank region using a statistical catch-at-age model
   incorporating length, migration, and recruitment process errors}},
Journal = {{CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{774-792}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) of all length classes increased
   dramatically in abundance on Georges Bank in the 1980s following the
   decline of many groundfish species. We present a full population model
   of winter skate to better understand the population dynamics of the
   species and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their increase in
   abundance in the 1980s. Specifically, we developed four statistical
   catch-at-age models incorporating length-frequency data with the
   following model structures: (i) observation error only (base model R1);
   (ii) observation and recruitment process errors (model R2); (iii) adult
   migration modeled as a random walk in adult mortality (model R3); and
   (iv) observation and recruitment process errors and adult migration
   (model R4). Akaike's information criterion values indicated that models
   R3 and R4, which both included adult migration, were the most
   parsimonious models. This finding strongly suggests that the winter
   skate population increase on Georges Bank in the 1980s was not solely a
   result of increases in recruitment but likely involved adult migration
   (i. e., it is an open population). Finally, recent predicted fishing
   mortalities exceeded FMSY for all models.}},
Publisher = {{CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS}},
Address = {{1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Frisk, MG (Reprint Author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine \& Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   Frisk, M. G., SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine \& Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   Martell, S. J. D., Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
   Miller, T. J., Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
   Sosebee, K., Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1139/F10-008}},
ISSN = {{0706-652X}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; ELASMOBRANCHS; CONNECTIVITY;
   PARAMETERS; ECOSYSTEM; ERINACEA; RAJIDAE; GROWTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{mfrisk@notes.cc.sunysb.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{591RP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000277321000002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) of all length classes increased dramatically in abundance on Georges Bank in the 1980s following the decline of many groundfish species. We present a full population model of winter skate to better understand the population dynamics of the species and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their increase in abundance in the 1980s. Specifically, we developed four statistical catch-at-age models incorporating length-frequency data with the following model structures: (i) observation error only (base model R1); (ii) observation and recruitment process errors (model R2); (iii) adult migration modeled as a random walk in adult mortality (model R3); and (iv) observation and recruitment process errors and adult migration (model R4). Akaike's information criterion values indicated that models R3 and R4, which both included adult migration, were the most parsimonious models. This finding strongly suggests that the winter skate population increase on Georges Bank in the 1980s was not solely a result of increases in recruitment but likely involved adult migration (i. e., it is an open population). Finally, recent predicted fishing mortalities exceeded FMSY for all models.

@article{ ISI:000279045900014,
Author = {Murua, H. and Quincoces, I. and Garcia, D. and Korta, M.},
Title = {{Is the Northern European hake, Merluccius merluccius, management
   procedure robust to the exclusion of reproductive dynamics?}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{104}},
Number = {{1-3, SI}},
Pages = {{123-135}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{The purpose of the present study was to investigate the robustness of
   the management procedure (MP) of Northern European hake to alternative
   indices of reproductive potential (RP) based on our recently improved
   understanding of hake reproductive biology using a Management Strategy
   Evaluation (MSE) framework. MSE simulations allow the testing of the
   robustness of conventional management systems to uncertainties or
   different hypothesis about underlying population dynamics. For this
   purpose, four different reproductive potential (RP) indices of
   increasing biological complexity (i.e. Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB)
   using constant maturity: SSB(MAT) adding variation on maturity, Female
   Spawning Biomass-FSB, and Total Egg Production-TEP) were estimated and
   tested. The inclusion of more biological information affected the
   perception of the population dynamics, the biological reference points
   (BRPs) as well as the perception of the stock in relation to those
   biological reference points. In this study, the probability of a wrong
   perception, i.e. the ``perceived{''} population is above reference
   limits while the ``true{''} population is overfished, was 13, 5, 3 and
   3\% for the different RP investigated in the time period between 1978
   and 2008. This probability was around 0\% in all cases studied for the
   projected period of 2009-2040. Our results show that (i) when including
   more information about reproductive biology in the simulation, the
   number of years below the BRPs are higher in the ``perceived{''}
   population than in the ``true{''} population, (ii) for the historic
   period the probability of a wrong perception is diminished when
   alternative reproductive indices are included when simulating both,
   `true' and `perceived' populations, and (iii) during the initial years
   of the projected period, although the perception of the population
   dynamics in relation to BRP is different between SSB(WG) scenario and
   alternative RP indices, the outcomes of the management advice of the
   SSB(WG) are more restrictive because the wrong perception is
   conservative, i.e. when ``true{''} population is above B(pa) the SSB(WG)
   is below. Thus, it can be concluded that the MP for European hake is
   robust to the different hypothesis about alternative RP indices.
   However, the results of the present study also showed that for the
   historic period, when the population level was close to BRP level, the
   perception of the stocks status differs between alternative RP indices.
   Thus, it would be convenient to include the reproductive biology of the
   species in the Harvest Control Rules (HCR) and Long Term Management Plan
   (LTMP) of this stock, especially when the level of the stock is close to
   BRP level. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Murua, H (Reprint Author), AZTI Tecnalia, Herrera Koia, Portu Alde Z-G, Pasaia 20110, Spain.
   Murua, H.; Korta, M., AZTI Tecnalia, Herrera Koia, Pasaia 20110, Spain.
   Quincoces, I.; Garcia, D., AZTI Tecnalia, Sukarrieta, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2010.03.018}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{European hake; Management Strategy Evaluation; Reproductive potential;
   Reproductive biology; Biological reference points}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
   POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STRATEGY EVALUATION; REFERENCE POINTS; BATCH
   FECUNDITY; AGE ESTIMATION; EGG-PRODUCTION; SEA PLAICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{hmurua@azti.es}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}01825, 022717]; COMMIT (Creation of Multi-annual Management Plans
   for Commitment {[}502289]; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of
   the Basque Country government}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was partially funded by the EU FP 5 project
   RASER(Reproduction and Stock Evaluation for Recovery project, no. 01825)
   for biological data, the EU FP 6 project UNCOVER (Understanding the
   mechanisms of stock recovery, no. 022717), the EU FP 6 projects EFIMAS
   (Operational Evaluation Tools for Fishery Management Options, no.
   502516) and COMMIT (Creation of Multi-annual Management Plans for
   Commitment, no. 502289) for the development of the MSE algorithm, and
   from the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Basque Country
   government. It does not necessarily reflect its views and in no ways
   anticipates the European Commission's future policy in this area. Our
   gratitude is extended to all personnel involved in the collection and
   preparation of data used in this work and to the COST Action FA0601,
   ``Fish Reproduction and Fisheries{''} (FRESH) and the NAFO Working Group
   on Reproductive Potential. Thanks also to Paul de Bruyn for editing the
   English. This paper is contribution no. (491) from AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine
   Research Department).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{614HJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279045900014}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the robustness of the management procedure (MP) of Northern European hake to alternative indices of reproductive potential (RP) based on our recently improved understanding of hake reproductive biology using a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework. MSE simulations allow the testing of the robustness of conventional management systems to uncertainties or different hypothesis about underlying population dynamics. For this purpose, four different reproductive potential (RP) indices of increasing biological complexity (i.e. Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) using constant maturity: SSB(MAT) adding variation on maturity, Female Spawning Biomass-FSB, and Total Egg Production-TEP) were estimated and tested. The inclusion of more biological information affected the perception of the population dynamics, the biological reference points (BRPs) as well as the perception of the stock in relation to those biological reference points. In this study, the probability of a wrong perception, i.e. the ``perceived'' population is above reference limits while the ``true'' population is overfished, was 13, 5, 3 and 3% for the different RP investigated in the time period between 1978 and 2008. This probability was around 0% in all cases studied for the projected period of 2009-2040. Our results show that (i) when including more information about reproductive biology in the simulation, the number of years below the BRPs are higher in the ``perceived'' population than in the ``true'' population, (ii) for the historic period the probability of a wrong perception is diminished when alternative reproductive indices are included when simulating both, `true' and `perceived' populations, and (iii) during the initial years of the projected period, although the perception of the population dynamics in relation to BRP is different between SSB(WG) scenario and alternative RP indices, the outcomes of the management advice of the SSB(WG) are more restrictive because the wrong perception is conservative, i.e. when ``true'' population is above B(pa) the SSB(WG) is below. Thus, it can be concluded that the MP for European hake is robust to the different hypothesis about alternative RP indices. However, the results of the present study also showed that for the historic period, when the population level was close to BRP level, the perception of the stocks status differs between alternative RP indices. Thus, it would be convenient to include the reproductive biology of the species in the Harvest Control Rules (HCR) and Long Term Management Plan (LTMP) of this stock, especially when the level of the stock is close to BRP level. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000275818300018,
Author = {Butterworth, Douglas S. and Bentley, Nokome and De Oliveira, Jose A. A.
   and Donovan, Gregory P. and Kell, Laurence T. and Parma, Ana M. and
   Punt, Andre E. and Sainsbury, Keith J. and Smith, Anthony D. M. and
   Stokes, T. Kevin},
Title = {{Purported flaws in management strategy evaluation: basic problems or
   misinterpretations?}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{567-574}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Rochet and Rice, while recognizing management strategy evaluation (MSE)
   as an important step forward in fisheries management, level a number of
   criticisms at its implementation. Some of their points are sound, such
   as the need for care in representing uncertainties and for thorough
   documentation of the process. However, others evidence important
   misunderstandings. Although the difficulties in estimating tail
   probabilities and risks, as discussed by Rochet and Rice, are well
   known, their arguments that Efron's nonparametric bootstrap re-sampling
   method underestimates the probabilities of low values are flawed. In any
   case, though, the focus of MSEs is primarily on comparing performance
   and robustness across alternative management procedures (MPs), rather
   than on estimating absolute levels of risk. Qualitative methods can
   augment MSE, but their limitations also need to be recognized.
   Intelligence certainly needs to play a role in fisheries management, but
   not at the level of tinkering in the provision of annual advice, which
   Rochet and Rice apparently advocate, inter alia because this runs the
   risk of advice following noise rather than signal. Instead, intelligence
   should come into play in the exercise of oversight through the process
   of multiannual reviews of MSE and associated MPs. A number of examples
   are given of the process of interaction with stakeholders which should
   characterize MSE.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Butterworth, DS (Reprint Author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Math \& Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   Butterworth, Douglas S., Univ Cape Town, Dept Math \& Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   Bentley, Nokome, Trophia Ltd, Kaikoura 7300, New Zealand.
   De Oliveira, Jose A. A., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Donovan, Gregory P., Int Whaling Commiss, Cambridge CB24 9NP, England.
   Kell, Laurence T., ICCAT Secretariat, Madrid 280002, Spain.
   Parma, Ana M., Ctr Nacl Patagon, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E.; Smith, Anthony D. M., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Sainsbury, Keith J., Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsq009}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{management procedure; management strategy evaluation; Monte Carlo
   simulation; risk estimation; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH;
   FLOUNDERING ATTEMPT; HARVEST POLICIES; IMPLEMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY;
   LESSONS; STOCKS; PRODUCTIVITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{doug.butterworth@uct.ac.za}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Smith, Tony/A-4017-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
Times-Cited = {{25}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{572HI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275818300018}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Rochet and Rice, while recognizing management strategy evaluation (MSE) as an important step forward in fisheries management, level a number of criticisms at its implementation. Some of their points are sound, such as the need for care in representing uncertainties and for thorough documentation of the process. However, others evidence important misunderstandings. Although the difficulties in estimating tail probabilities and risks, as discussed by Rochet and Rice, are well known, their arguments that Efron's nonparametric bootstrap re-sampling method underestimates the probabilities of low values are flawed. In any case, though, the focus of MSEs is primarily on comparing performance and robustness across alternative management procedures (MPs), rather than on estimating absolute levels of risk. Qualitative methods can augment MSE, but their limitations also need to be recognized. Intelligence certainly needs to play a role in fisheries management, but not at the level of tinkering in the provision of annual advice, which Rochet and Rice apparently advocate, inter alia because this runs the risk of advice following noise rather than signal. Instead, intelligence should come into play in the exercise of oversight through the process of multiannual reviews of MSE and associated MPs. A number of examples are given of the process of interaction with stakeholders which should characterize MSE.

@article{ ISI:000274341200006,
Author = {Jardim, Ernesto and Cervino, Santiago and Azevedo, Manuela},
Title = {{Evaluating management strategies to implement the recovery plan for
   Iberian hake (Merluccius merluccius); the impact of censored catch
   information}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{258-269}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Iberian hake assessment revealed an increase in. shing mortality (F)
   despite enforcement of a recovery plan. Recent landings exceeded the
   total allowable catch and discarding rates were high. Alternative
   management strategies based on F control were evaluated with respect to
   the probability of recovering spawning-stock biomass (SSB), expected
   profits, and robustness to uncertainty on catch information and stock
   dynamics. Results showed that the use of censored catch data, i.e.
   excluding the Gulf of Cadiz or discards, may lead to inappropriate
   conclusions. Reducing. shing mortality was necessary for SSB to recover.
   An F(max) strategy with discard reduction showed the highest probability
   of rebuilding SSB and led the fishery to sustainable exploitation, with
   an expected \%SPR of 30-40\% in 2025, mean individual weight in the
   landings of 450 g in 2015, and yield increasing by >20\%. Because of
   uncertainty in the estimates of maximum sustainable yield, management
   strategies based on FMSY were least robust, but all strategies were
   robust to alternative stock-recruit models.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jardim, E (Reprint Author), IPIMAR Inst Nacl Recursos Biol, Ave Brasilia, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Jardim, Ernesto; Azevedo, Manuela, IPIMAR Inst Nacl Recursos Biol, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal.
   Cervino, Santiago, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Vigo 36201, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp233}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{discards; Iberian hake; management strategy evaluation; operating model}},
Keywords-Plus = {{EXPERIENCE; SIMULATION; GROWTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ernesto@ipimar.pt}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{cervino, santiago/0000-0003-4146-0890}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission {[}1543/2000, 1639/2001, 1581/2004]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Luis Silva (IEO) for providing the data on the GoC, Neli Pereda
   (IEO) for the discards data from the Spanish trawl fleet, Graca Pestana
   (IPIMAR) for the discard data from the Portuguese trawl fleet, Laurie
   Kell (ICCAT) and Fatima Cardador (IPIMAR) for support and valued
   comments, and Verena Trenkel and Malcolm Haddon for their exhaustive
   revision of the manuscript. Data collection after 2001 was funded under
   the framework of the European Commission's Data Collection Regulation
   (Reg. EC No. 1543/2000, 1639/2001, and 1581/2004). The work was carried
   out within the scope of IPIMAR's project NeoMAv (QCA-3/MARE-FEDER,
   http://ipimar-iniap. ipimar. pt/neomav).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{553CB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000274341200006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Iberian hake assessment revealed an increase in. shing mortality (F) despite enforcement of a recovery plan. Recent landings exceeded the total allowable catch and discarding rates were high. Alternative management strategies based on F control were evaluated with respect to the probability of recovering spawning-stock biomass (SSB), expected profits, and robustness to uncertainty on catch information and stock dynamics. Results showed that the use of censored catch data, i.e. excluding the Gulf of Cadiz or discards, may lead to inappropriate conclusions. Reducing. shing mortality was necessary for SSB to recover. An F(max) strategy with discard reduction showed the highest probability of rebuilding SSB and led the fishery to sustainable exploitation, with an expected %SPR of 30-40% in 2025, mean individual weight in the landings of 450 g in 2015, and yield increasing by >20%. Because of uncertainty in the estimates of maximum sustainable yield, management strategies based on FMSY were least robust, but all strategies were robust to alternative stock-recruit models.

@article{ ISI:000274341200013,
Author = {Poos, J. J. and Bogaards, J. A. and Quirijns, F. J. and Gillis, D. M.
   and Rijnsdorp, A. D.},
Title = {{Individual quotas, fishing effort allocation, and over-quota discarding
   in mixed fisheries}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{323-333}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Many fisheries are managed by total allowable catches (TACs) and a
   substantial part by individual quotas. Such output management has not
   been successful in mixed fisheries when fishers continue to fish while
   discarding marketable fish. We analyse the effects of individual quotas
   on spatial and temporal effort allocation and over-quota discarding in a
   multispecies fishery. Using a spatially explicit dynamic-state variable
   model, the optimal fishing strategy of fishers constrained by annual
   individual quotas, facing uncertainty in catch rates, is studied.
   Individual fishers will move away from areas with high catches of the
   restricted quota species and, depending on the cost of fishing, will
   stop fishing in certain periods of the year. Individual vessels will
   discard marketable fish, but only after their individual quota for the
   species under consideration has been reached. These results are in line
   with observations on effort allocation and discarding of marketable
   fish, both over-quota discarding and highgrading, by the Dutch
   beam-trawl fleet. The models we present can be used to predict the
   outcomes of management and are therefore a useful tool for fisheries
   scientists and managers.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Poos, JJ (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Poos, J. J.; Bogaards, J. A.; Quirijns, F. J.; Rijnsdorp, A. D., Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Gillis, D. M., Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
   Rijnsdorp, A. D., Univ Wageningen, Aquaculture \& Fisheries Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp241}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
EISSN = {{1095-9289}},
Keywords = {{behavioural responses; dynamic-state variable modelling; fishing effort;
   fleet dynamics; quota regulations}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA PLAICE; MULTISPECIES TRAWL FISHERY; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L;
   TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; FLEET DYNAMICS; BEAM TRAWLERS; TAGGING DATA;
   MANAGEMENT; FLATFISH; MOVEMENT}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{janjaap.poos@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008
   Poos, Jan Jaap/B-9940-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/0000-0003-0785-9662
   Poos, Jan Jaap/0000-0002-8507-5751}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NCF {[}NRG-2002.01]; NWO {[}ALW88510104]; EU {[}SSP8 022644,]; Capacity,
   F and Effort (CAFE); NSERC}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Willem Vermin for analysis of the original C++ code and adding
   the OpenMP paradigm, funded by NCF grant NRG-2002.01, the skippers that
   contributed to the F-project for the invaluable information they
   provided in voluntary electronic logbooks, and the anonymous referees
   for their constructive comments. The study was supported by NWO grant
   ALW88510104 to JJP and funding from the EU project SSP8 022644,
   Capacity, F and Effort (CAFE) to JAB, and an NSERC Discovery Grant to
   DMG.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{59}},
Times-Cited = {{52}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{553CB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000274341200013}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Many fisheries are managed by total allowable catches (TACs) and a substantial part by individual quotas. Such output management has not been successful in mixed fisheries when fishers continue to fish while discarding marketable fish. We analyse the effects of individual quotas on spatial and temporal effort allocation and over-quota discarding in a multispecies fishery. Using a spatially explicit dynamic-state variable model, the optimal fishing strategy of fishers constrained by annual individual quotas, facing uncertainty in catch rates, is studied. Individual fishers will move away from areas with high catches of the restricted quota species and, depending on the cost of fishing, will stop fishing in certain periods of the year. Individual vessels will discard marketable fish, but only after their individual quota for the species under consideration has been reached. These results are in line with observations on effort allocation and discarding of marketable fish, both over-quota discarding and highgrading, by the Dutch beam-trawl fleet. The models we present can be used to predict the outcomes of management and are therefore a useful tool for fisheries scientists and managers.

@article{ ISI:000273140400006,
Author = {Bastardie, Francois and Vinther, Morten and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and
   Ulrich, Clara and Paulsen, Marie Storr},
Title = {{Stock-based vs. fleet-based evaluation of the multi-annual management
   plan for the cod stocks in the Baltic Sea}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{101}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{188-202}},
Month = {{JAN 15}},
Abstract = {{This study evaluated the EU 2008 multi-annual plan for Baltic cod stock
   recovery. The plan combines harvest control rules that set TACs with
   reductions in direct effort (E) and fishing mortality (F). Performance
   and robustness of the plan are tested with a management strategy
   evaluation model (MSE). Stochastic simulations are carried out under
   different scenarios of recruitment and sources of uncertainties. Under
   the different magnitudes of errors investigated, the plan in its current
   design is likely to reach precautionary targets for the Eastern and the
   Western Baltic cod stocks by 2015. It is, however, more sensitive to
   implementation errors (e.g. catch misreporting) than to observation
   errors (e.g. data collection) when the (i) current settings of the ICES
   single-stock assessment model are maintained. (ii) intended fishing
   effort reduction is fully complied with, and (iii) biological parameters
   are assumed constant. For the Eastern Baltic stock, additional sources
   of uncertainties from fishery adaptation to the plan are tested using a
   fleet-based and spatially explicit version of the model which leads to
   higher reductions in F and no significant change in management
   robustness. The relative difference between both approaches is mainly
   due to differences in exploitation patterns in catching the same amount
   of fish. The effort control is demonstrated to be more efficient when
   supplemented with a TAC and avoids un-intended effects from fishery
   responses, e.g. spatial effort reallocation. Medium term economic
   evaluation of fishery performance shows an initial reduction in profit
   with effort and TAC reductions, but profit is always positive. (C) 2009
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bastardie, F (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Bastardie, Francois; Vinther, Morten; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Ulrich, Clara; Paulsen, Marie Storr, Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.009}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Baltic; Bio-economic model; Cod; Fishery library in R (FLR); Harvest
   control rules (HCR); Long-term management plan; Management strategy
   evaluation (MSE); Scenario evaluation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{fba@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ulrich, Clara/F-3583-2011}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}EU-FP6-044227, EU-FP6-022717, EU-FP6-044168]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work has been undertaken as part of the EU-FP6-044227 IMAGE
   project, through cooperation with the EU-FP6-022717 UNCOVER and
   EU-FP6-044168 AFRAME projects. The work does not necessarily reflect
   their views and in no way anticipates the EU Commission's and the
   Ministry's future policy in this area. We would like to thank reviewers
   of the ICES Review Group for Evaluation of the North-Eastern Cod
   Management Plans as well as two anonymous reviewers for their useful
   comments on this study.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
Times-Cited = {{17}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{537UT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000273140400006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

This study evaluated the EU 2008 multi-annual plan for Baltic cod stock recovery. The plan combines harvest control rules that set TACs with reductions in direct effort (E) and fishing mortality (F). Performance and robustness of the plan are tested with a management strategy evaluation model (MSE). Stochastic simulations are carried out under different scenarios of recruitment and sources of uncertainties. Under the different magnitudes of errors investigated, the plan in its current design is likely to reach precautionary targets for the Eastern and the Western Baltic cod stocks by 2015. It is, however, more sensitive to implementation errors (e.g. catch misreporting) than to observation errors (e.g. data collection) when the (i) current settings of the ICES single-stock assessment model are maintained. (ii) intended fishing effort reduction is fully complied with, and (iii) biological parameters are assumed constant. For the Eastern Baltic stock, additional sources of uncertainties from fishery adaptation to the plan are tested using a fleet-based and spatially explicit version of the model which leads to higher reductions in F and no significant change in management robustness. The relative difference between both approaches is mainly due to differences in exploitation patterns in catching the same amount of fish. The effort control is demonstrated to be more efficient when supplemented with a TAC and avoids un-intended effects from fishery responses, e.g. spatial effort reallocation. Medium term economic evaluation of fishery performance shows an initial reduction in profit with effort and TAC reductions, but profit is always positive. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000275770700007,
Author = {Pomarede, Marine and Hillary, Richard and Ibaibarriaga, Leire and
   Bogaards, Johannes and Apostolaki, Panayiota},
Title = {{Evaluating the performance of survey-based operational management
   procedures}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{77-94}},
Month = {{JAN-MAR}},
Abstract = {{The design and evaluation of survey-based management strategies is
   addressed in this article, using three case-study fisheries: North Sea
   herring, Bay of Biscay anchovy and North Sea cod, with a brief history
   and the main management issues with each fishery outlined. A range of
   operational management procedures for the case study stocks were
   designed and evaluated using trends that may be derived from survey
   indices (spawner biomass, year-class strength and total mortality) with
   an array of simple and more structured observation error regimes
   simulated. Model-free and model-based indicators of stock status were
   employed in the management procedures. On the basis of stochastic
   stock-specific simulations, we identified the following key determinants
   of successful management procedures: (i) adequate specification of the
   stock-recruit relationship (model structure, parameter estimates and
   variability), (ii) knowledge of the magnitude and structure of the
   variation in the survey indices, and (iii) explication of the particular
   management objectives, when assessing management performance. More
   conservative harvesting strategies are required to meet specified
   targets in the presence of increasing stochasticity, due to both process
   and observation error. It was seen that survey-based operational
   management procedures can perform well in the absence of commercial
   data, and can also inform aspects of survey design with respect to
   acceptable levels of error or bias in the surveys.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pomarede, M (Reprint Author), Imperial Coll, Fisheries Grp, Div Biol, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Pomarede, Marine; Hillary, Richard, Imperial Coll, Fisheries Grp, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Ibaibarriaga, Leire, AZTI, Pasajes 20110, Spain.
   Bogaards, Johannes, IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Apostolaki, Panayiota, CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2010005}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
Keywords = {{FLR fishery simulation system; Management strategy evaluation; Fish
   survey; Fishery-independent data; Herring; Anchovy; Cod; North Sea;
   Biscay}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INTERNATIONAL-WHALING-COMMISSION; STOCK ASSESSMENT METHODS; AFRICAN
   PELAGIC FISHERY; STRATEGY EVALUATION; SOUTH; EXPERIENCES; INDEXES;
   MODEL; FLR}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{marine.pomarede@imperial.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013
   Ibaibarriaga, Leire/C-2483-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ibaibarriaga, Leire/0000-0001-5619-1174}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{571QX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275770700007}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The design and evaluation of survey-based management strategies is addressed in this article, using three case-study fisheries: North Sea herring, Bay of Biscay anchovy and North Sea cod, with a brief history and the main management issues with each fishery outlined. A range of operational management procedures for the case study stocks were designed and evaluated using trends that may be derived from survey indices (spawner biomass, year-class strength and total mortality) with an array of simple and more structured observation error regimes simulated. Model-free and model-based indicators of stock status were employed in the management procedures. On the basis of stochastic stock-specific simulations, we identified the following key determinants of successful management procedures: (i) adequate specification of the stock-recruit relationship (model structure, parameter estimates and variability), (ii) knowledge of the magnitude and structure of the variation in the survey indices, and (iii) explication of the particular management objectives, when assessing management performance. More conservative harvesting strategies are required to meet specified targets in the presence of increasing stochasticity, due to both process and observation error. It was seen that survey-based operational management procedures can perform well in the absence of commercial data, and can also inform aspects of survey design with respect to acceptable levels of error or bias in the surveys.

@article{ ISI:000208409700006,
Author = {Hillary, R. M. and Edwards, C. T. T. and Mitchell, R. E. and Agnew, D.
   J.},
Title = {{LENGTH-BASED ASSESSMENT FOR MACKEREL ICEFISH (CHAMPSOCEPHALUS GUNNARI)
   AT SOUTH GEORGIA}},
Journal = {{CCAMLR SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{17}},
Pages = {{129-137}},
Abstract = {{The current CCAMLR assessment method for mackerel icefish
   (Champsocephalus gunnari) in Subarea 48.3 employs the CCAMLR mixture
   analysis program (CMIX) and generalised yield model (GYM) packages,
   which derives population numbers-at-age and projects these numbers
   forward under the given harvest control rule to set a two-year total
   allowable catch (TAC). One issue is the accurate identification of age
   cohorts from the survey data. In this paper a length-based approach is
   described that removes the problem of cohort determination. A bootstrap
   technique (consistent with the current CCAMLR approach) is used to
   estimate the length distribution of the population from the survey data
   which, in conjunction with the bootstrapped survey biomass data, yields
   an estimate of the population numbers-at-length. A comparison of this
   method and the existing age-based CMIX/GYM methodology showed very good
   agreement in calculated yields for 2006, 2007 and 2009, and some
   differences for 2008 which were explained by an unusual length
   distribution from which it was difficult to reliably estimate age
   composition in CMIX. Using the 2009 survey data and the new methodology,
   a TAC was calculated according to the CCAMLR decision rules of 1 577 and
   933 tonnes for the 2009/10 and 2010/11 fishing seasons respectively. The
   respective estimates using the existing CMIX/GYM methodology were 1 590
   and 968 tonnes respectively.}},
Publisher = {{C C A M L R TI}},
Address = {{PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hillary, RM (Reprint Author), CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Hillary, R. M.; Edwards, C. T. T., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Fisheries Grp, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Edwards, C. T. T.; Mitchell, R. E.; Agnew, D. J., MRAG Ltd, London W1J 5PN, England.}},
ISSN = {{1023-4063}},
Keywords = {{mackerel icefish; length-based assessment; CCAMLR}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{rich.hillary@csiro.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{CCAMLR Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{V24KQ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000208409700006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The current CCAMLR assessment method for mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) in Subarea 48.3 employs the CCAMLR mixture analysis program (CMIX) and generalised yield model (GYM) packages, which derives population numbers-at-age and projects these numbers forward under the given harvest control rule to set a two-year total allowable catch (TAC). One issue is the accurate identification of age cohorts from the survey data. In this paper a length-based approach is described that removes the problem of cohort determination. A bootstrap technique (consistent with the current CCAMLR approach) is used to estimate the length distribution of the population from the survey data which, in conjunction with the bootstrapped survey biomass data, yields an estimate of the population numbers-at-length. A comparison of this method and the existing age-based CMIX/GYM methodology showed very good agreement in calculated yields for 2006, 2007 and 2009, and some differences for 2008 which were explained by an unusual length distribution from which it was difficult to reliably estimate age composition in CMIX. Using the 2009 survey data and the new methodology, a TAC was calculated according to the CCAMLR decision rules of 1 577 and 933 tonnes for the 2009/10 and 2010/11 fishing seasons respectively. The respective estimates using the existing CMIX/GYM methodology were 1 590 and 968 tonnes respectively.

@article{ ISI:000272687300008,
Author = {Bastardie, Francois and Nielsen, J. Rasmus and Kraus, Gerd},
Title = {{The eastern Baltic cod fishery: a fleet-based management strategy
   evaluation framework to assess the cod recovery plan of 2008}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{67}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{71-86}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Bastardie, F., Nielsen, J. R., and Kraus, G. 2010. The eastern Baltic
   cod fishery: a fleet-based management strategy evaluation framework to
   assess the cod recovery plan of 2008. - ICES Journal of Marine Science,
   67: 71-86.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bastardie, F (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Marine Fisheries, Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Bastardie, Francois; Nielsen, J. Rasmus; Kraus, Gerd, Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Marine Fisheries, Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp228}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{Baltic cod (Gadus morhua); effort regulation; fleet adaptation; FLR;
   management strategy evaluation; multi-annual management plan;
   spatio-temporal closures; TAC system}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; CATCH; MODEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{fba@aqua.dtu.dk}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Femern Belt project}},
Funding-Text = {{The work was conducted through cooperation between the EU FP6 projects
   EFIMAS, CEVIS, and UNCOVER, and the Danish National DFFE Sustainability
   Package Project ( Effort Regulation in the Baltic Sea), Danish Ministry
   of Food, Agriculture and Fishery. The findings do not necessarily
   reflect their views and in no way anticipates European Commission and
   Ministry future policy in the area. We thank Sarah Kraak, Coby Needle,
   and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions for improvements to the
   manuscript, and Per Sparre, Keith Brander, Hans Lassen, Ayoe Hoff, and
   Hans Frost for valued comments. Funding to pay the Open Access
   publication charges for this article was provided by the Femern Belt
   project.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
Times-Cited = {{18}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{531SA}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000272687300008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Bastardie, F., Nielsen, J. R., and Kraus, G. 2010. The eastern Baltic cod fishery: a fleet-based management strategy evaluation framework to assess the cod recovery plan of 2008. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 71-86.

@incollection{ ISI:000355183500001,
Author = {Rothschild, Brian J. and Harris, Roger},
Editor = {{Barange, M and Field, JG and Harris, RP and Hofmann, EE and Perry, RI and Werner, FE}},
Title = {{Marine Ecosystems and Global Change Preface}},
Booktitle = {{MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE}},
Year = {{2010}},
Pages = {{V+}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA}},
Type = {{Editorial Material; Book Chapter}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rothschild, BJ (Reprint Author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci \& Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02744 USA.
   Rothschild, Brian J., Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci \& Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02744 USA.
   Harris, Roger, Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.}},
ISBN = {{978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX;
   EASTERN BERING-SEA; WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; VIDEO PLANKTON
   RECORDER; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; ATLANTIC
   BLUEFIN TUNA; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{1938}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BC7SF}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000355183500001}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

@article{ ISI:000282996400002,
Author = {Hoshino, Eriko and Hillary, Richard M. and Pearce, John},
Title = {{Economically Optimal Management Strategies for the South Georgia
   Patagonian Toothfish Fishery}},
Journal = {{MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{265-280}},
Abstract = {{The fishery for Patagonian toothfish around the island of South Georgia
   in the Southern Ocean is a profitable operation targeting a high-value,
   slow-growing species. We substituted the complex Bayesian age-structured
   model currently used for assessments with a Schaefer production model,
   which performs equally well as an operating model for management
   strategy evaluation. Our analysis demonstrated that optimum long-term
   profitability using a discount rate of 2\% would be achieved at a
   biomass of 59\% of initial biomass, which is higher than the target
   biomass of 50\% incorporated into the current management strategy and at
   a reduction in effort of approximately 19\%. A number of potential
   effort reduction strategies are investigated, several of which would
   achieve better conservation objectives and higher future profits from
   the fishery than those predicted using the current management strategy.}},
Publisher = {{MRE FOUNDATION, INC}},
Address = {{PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hoshino, E (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Hoshino, Eriko; Hillary, Richard M., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Hillary, Richard M., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Pearce, John, MRAG Ltd, London W1J 5PN, England.}},
ISSN = {{0738-1360}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluation; bioeconomic modelling; uncertainty;
   Patagonian toothfish}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STOCK; OVEREXPLOITATION; POPULATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{e.hoshino06@imperial.ac.uk
   Rich.Hillary@csiro.au
   j.pearce@mrag.co.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013
   Hoshino, Eriko/N-7557-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hoshino, Eriko/0000-0001-7110-4251}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mar. Resour. Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{664XD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282996400002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The fishery for Patagonian toothfish around the island of South Georgia in the Southern Ocean is a profitable operation targeting a high-value, slow-growing species. We substituted the complex Bayesian age-structured model currently used for assessments with a Schaefer production model, which performs equally well as an operating model for management strategy evaluation. Our analysis demonstrated that optimum long-term profitability using a discount rate of 2% would be achieved at a biomass of 59% of initial biomass, which is higher than the target biomass of 50% incorporated into the current management strategy and at a reduction in effort of approximately 19%. A number of potential effort reduction strategies are investigated, several of which would achieve better conservation objectives and higher future profits from the fishery than those predicted using the current management strategy.

@article{ ISI:000269203200019,
Author = {Kell, Laurence T. and Dickey-Collas, Mark and Hintzen, Niels T. and
   Nash, Richard D. M. and Pilling, Graham M. and Roel, Beatriz A.},
Title = {{Lumpers or splitters? Evaluating recovery and management plans for
   metapopulations of herring}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{66}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1776-1783}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Note = {{International Symposium on Linking Herring, Natl Univ Ireland, Galway,
   IRELAND, AUG 26-29, 2008}},
Organization = {{Marine Inst; Inst Marine Res; ICES; Irish Tourist Board; PICES;
   Wageningen IMARES}},
Abstract = {{The long-term management of a stock representing a metapopulation has
   been simulated in a case study loosely based upon herring to the west of
   the British isles, where stocks are currently assessed and managed by
   management area, although there is evidence of mixing between stocks (in
   terms of connectivity, migrations, and exploitation). The simulations
   evaluate scientific advice (based on virtual population analysis, VPA)
   and the sustainability of fishing under two population-structure
   scenarios, corresponding either to discrete stocks, which only mix on
   the feeding grounds, or where diffusion between stocks takes place. The
   ability of stock assessment to monitor stock status and exploitation
   levels was evaluated for defining stocks based on fishing areas and for
   stocks that combined fishing areas. The study showed that assessment
   based on VPA of the metapopulation could fail to detect overexploitation
   of stocks and fail to detect and distinguish between the effects of
   exploitation and regime shifts.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kell, LT (Reprint Author), ICCAT, Corazon de Maria 8,Planta 6, Madrid 28002, Spain.
   Kell, Laurence T.; Pilling, Graham M.; Roel, Beatriz A., Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark; Hintzen, Niels T., Wageningen Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studie, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Nash, Richard D. M., Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp181}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{diffusion; evaluation; fishery; FLR; herring; management;
   metapopulations; mixing; populations; regime shifts; stock definition;
   virtual population analysis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NORTH-SEA; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; STRATEGIES; FISH;
   WEST}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{laurie.kell@iccat.int}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
Times-Cited = {{42}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{486NH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269203200019}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The long-term management of a stock representing a metapopulation has been simulated in a case study loosely based upon herring to the west of the British isles, where stocks are currently assessed and managed by management area, although there is evidence of mixing between stocks (in terms of connectivity, migrations, and exploitation). The simulations evaluate scientific advice (based on virtual population analysis, VPA) and the sustainability of fishing under two population-structure scenarios, corresponding either to discrete stocks, which only mix on the feeding grounds, or where diffusion between stocks takes place. The ability of stock assessment to monitor stock status and exploitation levels was evaluated for defining stocks based on fishing areas and for stocks that combined fishing areas. The study showed that assessment based on VPA of the metapopulation could fail to detect overexploitation of stocks and fail to detect and distinguish between the effects of exploitation and regime shifts.

@article{ ISI:000266350100017,
Author = {Mumford, J. D. and Leach, A. W. and Levontin, P. and Kell, L. T.},
Title = {{Insurance mechanisms to mediate economic risks in marine fisheries}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{66}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{950-959}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Uncertainty affects the behaviour of fishers and fisheries regulators in
   a way that can adversely affect the sustainability of fish stocks,
   fisheries income, and productivity. In agriculture, there has been a
   long history of using levy funds and public and private insurance
   schemes to mediate economic risks to growers resulting from
   environmental variability and quarantine risks. In the United States,
   the federal government continues to underwrite funds (collected by
   contracted private agents) that are used to protect contributors from
   the effects of extreme weather and pest and disease losses. In Europe,
   there are examples of industry-based mutual funds to mediate risks from
   exotic agricultural diseases. In agriculture, insurance mechanisms have
   been successful in reducing risk-inducing behaviour by contractual
   compliance to risk-reducing codes of practice. For fisheries, insurance
   may provide a tool to address some elements of uncertainty in a way that
   would help both the fishing industry and the regulators achieve
   objectives of sustainability, income security, and productivity. This
   paper presents a brief review of insurance in agriculture and capture
   fisheries and uses a stochastic model to illustrate how insurance funds
   could protect revenue and encourage increased sustainability of
   fisheries and improve compliance with and enforcement of fisheries
   regulation. Although insurance may be a partial solution to
   unsatisfactory fisheries management and fishing performance, some
   potential challenges to this novel approach are also discussed.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Mumford, JD (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Ctr Environm Policy, Silwood Pk,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Mumford, J. D.; Leach, A. W.; Levontin, P., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Ctr Environm Policy, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Kell, L. T., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsp100}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{capture fishery; feedback dynamics; fisher behaviour; harvest;
   indemnity; insurance; price; regulation; revenue; risk; sustainability;
   uncertainty}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{j.mumford@imperial.ac.uk}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities}},
Funding-Text = {{This study has been carried out with financial support from the
   Commission of the European Communities, specific RTD programme
   ``Specific Support to Policies{''}, SSP-2005-022589 ``Precautionary
   RiskMethodology in Fisheries{''}. It does not necessarily reflect its
   views and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in this
   area.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{449SK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266350100017}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Uncertainty affects the behaviour of fishers and fisheries regulators in a way that can adversely affect the sustainability of fish stocks, fisheries income, and productivity. In agriculture, there has been a long history of using levy funds and public and private insurance schemes to mediate economic risks to growers resulting from environmental variability and quarantine risks. In the United States, the federal government continues to underwrite funds (collected by contracted private agents) that are used to protect contributors from the effects of extreme weather and pest and disease losses. In Europe, there are examples of industry-based mutual funds to mediate risks from exotic agricultural diseases. In agriculture, insurance mechanisms have been successful in reducing risk-inducing behaviour by contractual compliance to risk-reducing codes of practice. For fisheries, insurance may provide a tool to address some elements of uncertainty in a way that would help both the fishing industry and the regulators achieve objectives of sustainability, income security, and productivity. This paper presents a brief review of insurance in agriculture and capture fisheries and uses a stochastic model to illustrate how insurance funds could protect revenue and encourage increased sustainability of fisheries and improve compliance with and enforcement of fisheries regulation. Although insurance may be a partial solution to unsatisfactory fisheries management and fishing performance, some potential challenges to this novel approach are also discussed.

@article{ ISI:000267128000013,
Author = {Hillary, Richard},
Title = {{An introduction to FLR fisheries simulation tools}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{225-232}},
Month = {{APR-JUN}},
Abstract = {{Fisheries libraries in R (FLR) is an open-source software framework
   based in the R statistical software environment, with the main purpose
   of allowing for the efficient simulation and evaluation of fisheries
   management strategies. This paper details a generic (non-spatial)
   biological operating model used to simulate populations and their
   reaction to fishing, and an observation error model and methods for
   simulating structured sampling/observation error and bias in key
   fisheries assessment indices. It also contains the details of how the
   candidate harvest control rules, based on survey-derived information,
   can be characterised and implemented, and how the processes of
   management strategy evaluation and stock assessment can be included in
   the simulations.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hillary, R (Reprint Author), Imperial Coll, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PL, Berks, England.
   Imperial Coll, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PL, Berks, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2009023}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluation; Fishery-independent data; Observation
   error model; Harvest control rules; FLR}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; STRATEGY EVALUATION; HARVEST; STOCK}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{r.hillary@imperial.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{459SB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267128000013}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Fisheries libraries in R (FLR) is an open-source software framework based in the R statistical software environment, with the main purpose of allowing for the efficient simulation and evaluation of fisheries management strategies. This paper details a generic (non-spatial) biological operating model used to simulate populations and their reaction to fishing, and an observation error model and methods for simulating structured sampling/observation error and bias in key fisheries assessment indices. It also contains the details of how the candidate harvest control rules, based on survey-derived information, can be characterised and implemented, and how the processes of management strategy evaluation and stock assessment can be included in the simulations.

@article{ ISI:000267128000014,
Author = {Lembo, Giuseppe and Abella, Alvaro and Fiorentino, Fabio and Martino,
   Sergio and Spedicato, Maria-Teresa},
Title = {{ALADYM: an age and length-based single species simulator for exploring
   alternative management strategies}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{233-241}},
Month = {{APR-JUN}},
Abstract = {{ALADYM (age-length based dynamic model) is an age-length based
   simulation model designed to predict the consequences of management
   scenarios on a single population, in terms of different metrics and
   indicators. Removals are simulated as total mortality modulated using a
   selectivity pattern and a fishing activity coefficient. ALADYM uses the
   classical equations of population dynamics to create a tool that uses
   fishery-independent information (e. g. from trawl surveys) as the
   primary source. The formulation of population dynamics at a small time
   scale (month) allows to model the effects of harvest controls that
   evolve through the year, which is particularly useful for fast growing
   species. The possibility of specifying a vector of natural mortality by
   age/length makes the model more suitable for situations where stocks are
   exploited at an early life stage, as in many Mediterranean fisheries,
   while introducing variations along the time of the harvesting pattern
   accounts for non-equilibrium situations. Stochastic effects can be added
   to some key life-history traits to incorporate uncertainty in input
   parameters and in their relationships. ALADYM can be used for a range of
   applications such as comparing management strategies, evaluating
   indicator changes or searching for reference points.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lembo, G (Reprint Author), COISPA Tecnol \& Ric, Via Trulli 18-20, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
   Lembo, Giuseppe; Martino, Sergio; Spedicato, Maria-Teresa, COISPA Tecnol \& Ric, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
   Abella, Alvaro, ARPAT AREA MARE, Livorno, Italy.
   Fiorentino, Fabio, IAMC CNR, Mazara Del Vallo, TP, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2009024}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
Keywords = {{Fish population dynamics; Simulation model; Fishery-independent
   approach; Fishery management}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP; NATURAL MORTALITY; MODEL; RESOURCES;
   FISHERIES; CURVES; L.}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{lembo@coispa.it}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission {[}FP5-502572, FP6-044227]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was partially funded by the European Commission under Fisboat
   project (FP5-502572) and also partly supported in a later phase by the
   Image project (FP6-044227). We gratefully acknowledge Verena Trenkel for
   helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank John Cotter providing
   supportive remarks to the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{459SB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267128000014}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

ALADYM (age-length based dynamic model) is an age-length based simulation model designed to predict the consequences of management scenarios on a single population, in terms of different metrics and indicators. Removals are simulated as total mortality modulated using a selectivity pattern and a fishing activity coefficient. ALADYM uses the classical equations of population dynamics to create a tool that uses fishery-independent information (e. g. from trawl surveys) as the primary source. The formulation of population dynamics at a small time scale (month) allows to model the effects of harvest controls that evolve through the year, which is particularly useful for fast growing species. The possibility of specifying a vector of natural mortality by age/length makes the model more suitable for situations where stocks are exploited at an early life stage, as in many Mediterranean fisheries, while introducing variations along the time of the harvesting pattern accounts for non-equilibrium situations. Stochastic effects can be added to some key life-history traits to incorporate uncertainty in input parameters and in their relationships. ALADYM can be used for a range of applications such as comparing management strategies, evaluating indicator changes or searching for reference points.

@article{ ISI:000267128000015,
Author = {Cotter, John and Petitgas, Pierre and Abella, Alvaro and Apostolaki,
   Panayiota and Mesnil, Benoit and Politou, Chrissi-Yianna and Rivoirard,
   Jacques and Rochet, Marie-Joelle and Spedicato, Maria Teresa and
   Trenkel, Verena M. and Woillez, Mathieu},
Title = {{Towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) when trawl
   surveys provide the main source of information}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{243-254}},
Month = {{APR-JUN}},
Abstract = {{Ideas and considerations are put forward for managing fisheries and
   marine populations using primarily trawl surveys to supply biological
   and spatial indicators of the state of stocks, and to permit catch per
   unit effort (CPUE)-based assessments. Trawl surveys seldom allow
   absolute estimates of fish population sizes but, if appropriately
   located, timed, and designed, can provide a broad range of information
   about catchable fish species and the ecosystem that supports them. This
   information may be more conducive to sustainable management of fisheries
   than the traditional focus on the abundances of selected stocks. The
   paper first briefly proposes how survey-based methods might supplement
   existing fishery-dependent stock assessments, as would be necessary
   during a transition phase to a more ecosystem-orientated system of
   management. Full survey-based management is then considered in relation
   to management objectives, the selection of indicators, survey design,
   reference periods, levels and directions, statistical aspects,
   CPUE-based assessments, and management responses to good and bad signals
   from the ecosystem. We argue that existing fishery-dependent stock
   assessments cannot be claimed to produce absolute estimates of stock
   abundance and fishing mortality because natural mortality (M) is seldom
   known accurately and, therefore, that they should not be presumed
   superior to the relative information from surveys, and an agreeable form
   of adaptive management.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Woillez, M (Reprint Author), Ctr Geosci Geostat, 35 Rue St Honore, F-77300 Fontainebleau, France.
   Rivoirard, Jacques; Woillez, Mathieu, Ctr Geosci Geostat, F-77300 Fontainebleau, France.
   Cotter, John; Apostolaki, Panayiota, CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Abella, Alvaro, ARPAT, I-57100 Livorno, Italy.
   Politou, Chrissi-Yianna, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Athens 16604, Greece.
   Spedicato, Maria Teresa, COISPA Tecnol \& Ric, I-70045 Bari, Italy.
   Petitgas, Pierre; Mesnil, Benoit; Rochet, Marie-Joelle; Trenkel, Verena M., IFREMER, Dept EMH, F-44311 Nantes, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr/2009025}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
EISSN = {{1765-2952}},
Keywords = {{Fisheries management; Trawl survey; State indicator; Spatial indicator;
   Survey-based stock assessment; Fisheries-independent assessment; Fishing
   effort indicator}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL MORTALITY; STOCK ASSESSMENT; NORTH-SEA; FISH COMMUNITIES; MARINE
   ECOSYSTEM; TIME-SERIES; ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WORLD
   FISHERIES; MONITOR CHANGES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{john.cotter@fishworldscience.com}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Woillez, Mathieu/0000-0002-1032-2105
   Trenkel, Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission; national fisheries agencies}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was a contribution to the FISBOAT project funded by the
   European Commission and also supported by national fisheries agencies.
   The authors are grateful to the many other project participants who
   contributed to discussions.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{115}},
Times-Cited = {{25}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{459SB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267128000015}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Ideas and considerations are put forward for managing fisheries and marine populations using primarily trawl surveys to supply biological and spatial indicators of the state of stocks, and to permit catch per unit effort (CPUE)-based assessments. Trawl surveys seldom allow absolute estimates of fish population sizes but, if appropriately located, timed, and designed, can provide a broad range of information about catchable fish species and the ecosystem that supports them. This information may be more conducive to sustainable management of fisheries than the traditional focus on the abundances of selected stocks. The paper first briefly proposes how survey-based methods might supplement existing fishery-dependent stock assessments, as would be necessary during a transition phase to a more ecosystem-orientated system of management. Full survey-based management is then considered in relation to management objectives, the selection of indicators, survey design, reference periods, levels and directions, statistical aspects, CPUE-based assessments, and management responses to good and bad signals from the ecosystem. We argue that existing fishery-dependent stock assessments cannot be claimed to produce absolute estimates of stock abundance and fishing mortality because natural mortality (M) is seldom known accurately and, therefore, that they should not be presumed superior to the relative information from surveys, and an agreeable form of adaptive management.

@article{ ISI:000264087800006,
Author = {Tserpes, George and Tzanatos, Evangelos and Peristeraki, Panagiota and
   Placenti, Vincenzo and Kell, Laurence},
Title = {{A bio-economic evaluation of different management measures for the
   Mediterranean swordfish}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{96}},
Number = {{2-3}},
Pages = {{160-166}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{The biological and economic implications of different management
   measures concerning the Mediterranean swordfish stock were evaluated by
   means of simulations performed under the Fisheries Language in R(FLR)
   framework. Six different scenarios were examined including
   Mediterranean-wide seasonal closures of different duration and an effort
   reduction scheme. Recruitment was assumed to vary in levels either
   predicted by a Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment relationship or around an
   average value estimated from the latest assessment accomplished by the
   International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT).
   Simulations projected the levels of landings, spawning stock biomass
   (SSB), gross and net revenue for a period of twenty years. Considering
   the estimated statistical uncertainty, gains in terms of landings and
   SSB from short fishery closures (e.g. one month) will be negligible. On
   the contrary, seasonal closures of at least four months would result in
   important long-term gains, which are more profound in the case of SSB
   and net revenue. The ICCAT convention objectives concerning SSB. can
   only be met with drastic closures (i.e. six months). However, drastic
   closures would result in short-term decreases in landings and revenues,
   which should be taken into account before such measures are adopted. (C)
   2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Tserpes, G (Reprint Author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, POB 2214, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece.
   Tserpes, George; Tzanatos, Evangelos; Peristeraki, Panagiota, Hellen Ctr Marine Res, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece.
   Placenti, Vincenzo, ARGO SRL, I-84131 Salerno, Italy.
   Kell, Laurence, CEFAS, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2008.10.008}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Swordfish; Management; Yield prediction; Mediterranean; Season
   regulations}},
Keywords-Plus = {{XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; AGE; STRATEGIES; ATLANTIC; GROWTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{gtserpes@her.hcmr.gr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tzanatos, Evangelos/A-7693-2013
   Tserpes, George/L-6201-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Tzanatos, Evangelos/0000-0001-9972-9632
   Tserpes, George/0000-0001-9052-4091}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission {[}SSP8-CT-2003-502516]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study has been carried out with the financial assistance of the
   European Commission in the frames of the STREP ``EFIMAS{''} (Contract
   No. SSP8-CT-2003-502516). We wish to thank Paolo Accadia from CEMARE for
   his help with the preparation of the software routines concerning
   economic evaluations. We would also like to thank two anonymous
   reviewers for their valuable comments.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
Times-Cited = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{417PF}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264087800006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The biological and economic implications of different management measures concerning the Mediterranean swordfish stock were evaluated by means of simulations performed under the Fisheries Language in R(FLR) framework. Six different scenarios were examined including Mediterranean-wide seasonal closures of different duration and an effort reduction scheme. Recruitment was assumed to vary in levels either predicted by a Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment relationship or around an average value estimated from the latest assessment accomplished by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Simulations projected the levels of landings, spawning stock biomass (SSB), gross and net revenue for a period of twenty years. Considering the estimated statistical uncertainty, gains in terms of landings and SSB from short fishery closures (e.g. one month) will be negligible. On the contrary, seasonal closures of at least four months would result in important long-term gains, which are more profound in the case of SSB and net revenue. The ICCAT convention objectives concerning SSB. can only be met with drastic closures (i.e. six months). However, drastic closures would result in short-term decreases in landings and revenues, which should be taken into account before such measures are adopted. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000263164000006,
Author = {Payne, Mark R. and Hatfield, Emma M. C. and Dickey-Collas, Mark and
   Falkenhaug, Tone and Gallego, Alejandro and Groeger, Joachim and
   Licandro, Priscilla and Llope, Marcos and Munk, Peter and Rockmann,
   Christine and Schmidt, Jorn O. and Nash, Richard D. M.},
Title = {{Recruitment in a changing environment: the 2000s North Sea herring
   recruitment failure}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{66}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{272-277}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Environmentally induced change appears to be impacting the recruitment
   of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus). Despite simultaneously having a
   large adult population, historically low exploitation, and Marine
   Stewardship Council accreditation (implying sustainability), there have
   been an unprecedented 6 sequential years of poor juvenile production
   (recruitment). Analysis suggests that the poor recruitment arises during
   the larval overwintering phase, with recent survival rates greatly
   reduced. Contemporary warming of the North Sea has caused significant
   changes in the plankton community, and a recently identified regime
   shift around 2000 shows close temporal agreement with the reduced larval
   survival. It is, therefore, possible that we are observing the first
   consequences of this planktonic change for higher trophic levels. There
   is no indication of a recovery in recruitment in the short term. Fishing
   mortality is currently outside the agreed management plan, and forecasts
   show a high risk of the stock moving outside safe biological limits
   soon, potentially precipitating another collapse of the stock. However,
   bringing the realized fishing mortality back in line with the management
   plan would likely alleviate the problem. This illustrates again that
   recruitment is influenced by more than just spawning-stock biomass, and
   that changes in other factors can be of equal, or even greater,
   importance. In such dynamically changing environments, recent management
   success does not necessarily guarantee future sustainability.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Payne, MR (Reprint Author), Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark.
   Payne, Mark R., Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark.
   Hatfield, Emma M. C.; Gallego, Alejandro, FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark; Rockmann, Christine, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Falkenhaug, Tone, Inst Marine Res, N-4817 Flodevigen, His, Norway.
   Groeger, Joachim, Inst Sea Fisheries, Fed Res Inst Rural Areas Forestry \& Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany.
   Licandro, Priscilla, Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
   Llope, Marcos, Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
   Munk, Peter, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Afd Havokol \& Akvakultur, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark.
   Schmidt, Jorn O., Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM, GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
   Nash, Richard D. M., Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsn211}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{environmental change; North Sea herring; recruitment; regime shift;
   sustainability}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; FISHES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{mpa@aqua.dtu.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Schmidt, Jorn/A-7714-2008
   Payne, Mark/C-6844-2008
   Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Schmidt, Jorn/0000-0002-4420-6532
   Payne, Mark/0000-0001-5795-2481
   Llope, Marcos/0000-0003-1408-6848}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU {[}44133]}},
Funding-Text = {{This manuscript was produced by the Study Group on Recruitment
   Variability in North Sea Planktivorous Fish (SGRECVAP), formed under the
   auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
   (ICES). The group met to discuss the causes underlying the series of
   recruitment failures in North Sea herring, Norway pout, and sandeel
   since 2001. The authors acknowledge the role of ICES in assembling the
   group. The compilation of this manuscript was partially supported by the
   EU 6th Framework project RECLAIM (contract 44133).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
Times-Cited = {{61}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{404OX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000263164000006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Environmentally induced change appears to be impacting the recruitment of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus). Despite simultaneously having a large adult population, historically low exploitation, and Marine Stewardship Council accreditation (implying sustainability), there have been an unprecedented 6 sequential years of poor juvenile production (recruitment). Analysis suggests that the poor recruitment arises during the larval overwintering phase, with recent survival rates greatly reduced. Contemporary warming of the North Sea has caused significant changes in the plankton community, and a recently identified regime shift around 2000 shows close temporal agreement with the reduced larval survival. It is, therefore, possible that we are observing the first consequences of this planktonic change for higher trophic levels. There is no indication of a recovery in recruitment in the short term. Fishing mortality is currently outside the agreed management plan, and forecasts show a high risk of the stock moving outside safe biological limits soon, potentially precipitating another collapse of the stock. However, bringing the realized fishing mortality back in line with the management plan would likely alleviate the problem. This illustrates again that recruitment is influenced by more than just spawning-stock biomass, and that changes in other factors can be of equal, or even greater, importance. In such dynamically changing environments, recent management success does not necessarily guarantee future sustainability.

@article{ ISI:000272364100004,
Author = {Hillary, R. M.},
Title = {{ASSESSMENT AND TAG PROGRAM ADAPTION METHODS FOR EXPLORATORY FISHERIES IN
   THE CAMLR CONVENTION AREA: AN EXAMPLE APPLICATION FOR DIVISION 58.43A}},
Journal = {{CCAMLR SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{16}},
Pages = {{101-113}},
Abstract = {{A methodology for the initial stock assessment and adaption of catch
   limits and tagging rates is presented for new and exploratory stocks in
   the CAMLR Convention Area. The assessment methodology is designed to be
   able to accommodate mark-recapture data, catch (legal and illegal,
   unreported and unregulated (IUU)) and relative abundance data into an
   integrated assessment framework when more detailed data are not
   available - namely catch-at-length/age data and tagging data
   at-length/age. A simple algorithm, based upon the Petersen abundance
   estimator, is defined whereby catch limits and tagging rates can be
   adjusted together to define tagging levels that will produce an expected
   abundance estimate in the following year of a given precision whilst
   ensuring the sustainable exploitation of the stock as per the CCAMLR
   management procedure. The combination of the assessment and tagging rate
   adaption methods can then form the basis of an early management plan for
   exploratory fisheries. The accuracy of the catch limit and tag-rate
   adaption algorithm is tested using the assessment results for toothfish
   in CCAMLR Subarea 48.3 and the assessment method is applied to the catch
   (legal and IUU) and mark-recapture data for Patagonian toothfish
   (Dissostichus eleginoides) in Division 58.4.3a with catch limit and
   tag-rate recommendations being made given the assessment results and
   using the catch limit/tag-rate adaption algorithm.}},
Publisher = {{C C A M L R TI}},
Address = {{PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hillary, RM (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England.
   Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
ISSN = {{1023-4063}},
Keywords = {{exploratory fisheries; interim management; Division 58.4.3a; D.
   eleginoides; CCAMLR}},
Keywords-Plus = {{TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; SUBAREA-48.3; CASAL}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{r.hillary@imperial.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hillary, Richard/L-3300-2013}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{CCAMLR Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{527JU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000272364100004}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A methodology for the initial stock assessment and adaption of catch limits and tagging rates is presented for new and exploratory stocks in the CAMLR Convention Area. The assessment methodology is designed to be able to accommodate mark-recapture data, catch (legal and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)) and relative abundance data into an integrated assessment framework when more detailed data are not available - namely catch-at-length/age data and tagging data at-length/age. A simple algorithm, based upon the Petersen abundance estimator, is defined whereby catch limits and tagging rates can be adjusted together to define tagging levels that will produce an expected abundance estimate in the following year of a given precision whilst ensuring the sustainable exploitation of the stock as per the CCAMLR management procedure. The combination of the assessment and tagging rate adaption methods can then form the basis of an early management plan for exploratory fisheries. The accuracy of the catch limit and tag-rate adaption algorithm is tested using the assessment results for toothfish in CCAMLR Subarea 48.3 and the assessment method is applied to the catch (legal and IUU) and mark-recapture data for Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in Division 58.4.3a with catch limit and tag-rate recommendations being made given the assessment results and using the catch limit/tag-rate adaption algorithm.

@article{ ISI:000262206900010,
Author = {Nash, Richard D. M. and Dickey-Collas, Mark and Kell, Laurence T.},
Title = {{Stock and recruitment in North Sea herring (Clupea harengus);
   compensation and depensation in the population dynamics}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{95}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{88-97}},
Month = {{JAN 1}},
Abstract = {{The recovery of a stock after severe exploitation is of major interest
   to fish ecologists and managers alike. Understanding the dynamics of
   recruitment at low stock sizes is crucial to the simulation of stocks as
   they recover. Compensation in recruitment has occurred in North Sea
   herring, and it was stronger after the collapse of the stock. The
   compensation appears to be a product of both increased production of
   larvae per spawner and increased survival to the juvenile stage. There
   is only slight evidence for depensation and the point at which North Sea
   herring has zero recruitment appears close to the origin. There is more
   variability in recruits per unit spawning stock size when the stock is
   smaller, this is probably as a result of the potential larger diversity
   in contributions from spawning components in an unexploited stock
   compared to an overexploited stock. Mimicking this dynamic in population
   models will increase the uncertainties in a projection of stock
   recovery. The lack of observations at higher stock sizes hinders our
   ability to compare the dynamics of recruit to SSB across the full range
   of stock sizes, however, recent apparent over-compensation at higher
   spawning biomass has resulted in less than one recruit per mature adult
   being produced per year. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Nash, RDM (Reprint Author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Nash, Richard D. M., Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
   Dickey-Collas, Mark, Wageningen Inst Marine Resources \& Ecosyst Studie, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Kell, Laurence T., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2008.08.003}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Herring; Life-history; Recovery; North Sea; North-east Atlantic}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; PELAGIC FISHERIES; FISH STOCKS; ATLANTIC; MANAGEMENT;
   GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; FECUNDITY; PATTERNS; RECOVERY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{richard.nash@imr.no
   Mark.dickeycollas@wur.nl
   laurence.kell@cefas.co.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EU UNCOVER project {[}022717]; RDMN through the IMR, Bergen; North Sea
   Programme; LTK through the UKs Department for Food, Environment and
   Rural Affairs {[}MF1201]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to the General Secretary of ICES and the ICES
   Herring Assessment Working Group (HAWG) for making the population data
   available. Sascha Fassler (University of St Andrews) is thanked for
   providing the larval herring production time series. The authors were
   partially supported by the EU UNCOVER project (Contract Number: 022717),
   RDMN through the IMR, Bergen, North Sea Programme and LTK through the
   UKs Department for Food, Environment and Rural Affairs (under contract
   MF1201).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
Times-Cited = {{32}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{391BG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262206900010}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The recovery of a stock after severe exploitation is of major interest to fish ecologists and managers alike. Understanding the dynamics of recruitment at low stock sizes is crucial to the simulation of stocks as they recover. Compensation in recruitment has occurred in North Sea herring, and it was stronger after the collapse of the stock. The compensation appears to be a product of both increased production of larvae per spawner and increased survival to the juvenile stage. There is only slight evidence for depensation and the point at which North Sea herring has zero recruitment appears close to the origin. There is more variability in recruits per unit spawning stock size when the stock is smaller, this is probably as a result of the potential larger diversity in contributions from spawning components in an unexploited stock compared to an overexploited stock. Mimicking this dynamic in population models will increase the uncertainties in a projection of stock recovery. The lack of observations at higher stock sizes hinders our ability to compare the dynamics of recruit to SSB across the full range of stock sizes, however, recent apparent over-compensation at higher spawning biomass has resulted in less than one recruit per mature adult being produced per year. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@inproceedings{ ISI:000265786100004,
Author = {O'Boyle, Robert N.},
Editor = {{Beamish, RJ and Rothschild, BJ}},
Title = {{The Implications of a Paradigm Shift in Ocean Resource Management for
   Fisheries Stock Assessment}},
Booktitle = {{FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA}},
Series = {{Fish and Fisheries Series}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{31}},
Pages = {{49-76}},
Note = {{Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America, Amer Inst
   Fishery Res Biol, CANADA, FEB 13-15, 2007}},
Organization = {{Natl Marine Fisheries Serv; Dept Fisheries \& Ocean Canada; AIFRB}},
Abstract = {{A paradigm shift in oceans management is underway, which will influence
   the future of stock assessment. On one hand, fisheries are increasingly
   being seen as one ocean sector amongst many, with many new objectives
   under an ecosystem approach to management (EAM) being sought. On the
   other hand, there is in-owing acceptance that stock assessment needs to
   be considered as only one element of a more comprehensive management
   strategy evaluation (MSE). Both these trends have implications for
   science Support of future MSEs and file process whereby this science is
   managed and delivered. There will be a move towards ecosystem models
   that propose plausible hypotheses of ecosystem functioning. To support
   these, there will need to he theoretical developments on ecosystem
   control, spatial dynamics, and the habitat - productivity linkage.
   Growth in monitoring technology will provide unprecedented opportunities
   to enhance Our knowledge and will fundamentally impact MSE and EAM.
   Stock assessment will initially be similar to current versions but will
   increasingly be required to report on ecosystem-related impacts.
   Decision making will involve evaluation of the merits of competing
   management strategies in relation to achievement of EAM objectives in
   the face of uncertainty. The science delivery process will evolve
   towards review and agreement of management frameworks separate from
   their scheduled application in assessment. Framework reviews will become
   quite elaborate, having to deal with all elements of an MSE. Experience
   with MSE has been limited but positive thus far with experiments in the
   approach occurring globally. The transition to the new paradigm will
   however require both a Cultural shift in the scientific, Ocean
   management and stakeholder communities and new financial mechanisms.
   Notwithstanding this, the new paradigm promises to provide a more
   effective basis for the management of the world's oceans resources.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{O'Boyle, RN (Reprint Author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
   Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7\_4}},
ISSN = {{1367-8396}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4020-9209-1}},
Keywords = {{Ecosystem approach to management; paradigm shift; management strategy
   evalution; stock assessment; science delivery; science institutions}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COD GADUS-MORHUA; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; EASTERN SCOTIAN SHELF;
   REFERENCE POINTS; STRATEGIES; IMPLEMENTATION; ATLANTIC; SYSTEMS;
   UNCERTAINTY; OBJECTIVES}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{betasci@eastlink.ca}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{75}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Fisheries Series}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BJH18}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265786100004}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A paradigm shift in oceans management is underway, which will influence the future of stock assessment. On one hand, fisheries are increasingly being seen as one ocean sector amongst many, with many new objectives under an ecosystem approach to management (EAM) being sought. On the other hand, there is in-owing acceptance that stock assessment needs to be considered as only one element of a more comprehensive management strategy evaluation (MSE). Both these trends have implications for science Support of future MSEs and file process whereby this science is managed and delivered. There will be a move towards ecosystem models that propose plausible hypotheses of ecosystem functioning. To support these, there will need to he theoretical developments on ecosystem control, spatial dynamics, and the habitat - productivity linkage. Growth in monitoring technology will provide unprecedented opportunities to enhance Our knowledge and will fundamentally impact MSE and EAM. Stock assessment will initially be similar to current versions but will increasingly be required to report on ecosystem-related impacts. Decision making will involve evaluation of the merits of competing management strategies in relation to achievement of EAM objectives in the face of uncertainty. The science delivery process will evolve towards review and agreement of management frameworks separate from their scheduled application in assessment. Framework reviews will become quite elaborate, having to deal with all elements of an MSE. Experience with MSE has been limited but positive thus far with experiments in the approach occurring globally. The transition to the new paradigm will however require both a Cultural shift in the scientific, Ocean management and stakeholder communities and new financial mechanisms. Notwithstanding this, the new paradigm promises to provide a more effective basis for the management of the world's oceans resources.

@inproceedings{ ISI:000265786100006,
Author = {Stringer, Kevin and Clemens, Marc and Rivard, Denis},
Editor = {{Beamish, RJ and Rothschild, BJ}},
Title = {{The Changing Nature of Fisheries Management and Implications for Science}},
Booktitle = {{FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE IN NORTH AMERICA}},
Series = {{Fish and Fisheries Series}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{31}},
Pages = {{97+}},
Note = {{Conference on Future of Fishery Science in North America, Amer Inst
   Fishery Res Biol, CANADA, FEB 13-15, 2007}},
Organization = {{Natl Marine Fisheries Serv; Dept Fisheries \& Ocean Canada; AIFRB}},
Abstract = {{The relationship between fisheries management and fisheries science has
   become more complex and more challenging over recent years as we move
   from a fish stock-focused approach to the management of fisheries with
   the ob objective of maximum sustainable yield, to an approach with
   Multiple objectives encompassing the precautionary approach,
   ecosystem-based management, and industry economic viability. At its
   core, the precautionary approach is about taking more cautious measures
   in the face of uncertainty. Linked to this is the growing recognition of
   the need to take oil ecosystem approach to fisheries management. file
   increasing lack of stability in ocean conditions and uncertainty around
   the effect g ocean conditions has enhanced the need to be more
   comprehensive in of our approach. All this serves to make fisheries
   management More complex than it was in the past. Whereas fisheries
   science advice in the past was focused largely on stock biomass and
   productivity, fisheries science is now being asked to provide advice,
   information, and analysis oil stock interactions and predation, oil
   spawning seasons and locations, oil sensitive areas of significance to
   the species, oil the effect of Various gear technologies on benthic
   communities, oil the effect of the increasing number of invasive species
   in the ecosystem, and oil changing ocean conditions and their potential
   effect on stock dynamics now and in the future. With Static funding
   resources over the past decade, scientists have struggled to find ways
   to respond to these new queries and to still provide basic stock status
   advice that continues to be and will continue to be the core scientific
   requirement for making , fisheries management decisions. This state of
   affairs has stretched the capacity of fisheries science to respond to
   the growing array of information requests that are now considered
   necessary to make responsible decisions. Indeed, the growing complexity
   and challenges for fisheries management, for fisheries science and for
   the fishing industry as a whole, has significantly stretched static
   resources but has been addressed by unique responses, depending on the
   circumstances, and the development of new partnerships and working
   arrangements between fisheries managers, scientists, and the fishing
   industry.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Stringer, K (Reprint Author), Govt Canada, Dept Fisheries \& Oceans, Fisheries \& Aquaculture Management, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.
   Stringer, Kevin; Clemens, Marc, Govt Canada, Dept Fisheries \& Oceans, Fisheries \& Aquaculture Management, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.
   Rivard, Denis, Govt Canada, Dept Fisheries \& Oceans, Ecosyst Sci Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7\_6}},
ISSN = {{1367-8396}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4020-9209-1}},
Keywords = {{Ecosystem-based management; fisheries management; fisheries science;
   framework; policy; sustainability}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{Kevin.Stringer@NRCan.gc.ca
   marc.clemens@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
   rivardd@gmail.com}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Fisheries Series}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BJH18}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265786100006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The relationship between fisheries management and fisheries science has become more complex and more challenging over recent years as we move from a fish stock-focused approach to the management of fisheries with the ob objective of maximum sustainable yield, to an approach with Multiple objectives encompassing the precautionary approach, ecosystem-based management, and industry economic viability. At its core, the precautionary approach is about taking more cautious measures in the face of uncertainty. Linked to this is the growing recognition of the need to take oil ecosystem approach to fisheries management. file increasing lack of stability in ocean conditions and uncertainty around the effect g ocean conditions has enhanced the need to be more comprehensive in of our approach. All this serves to make fisheries management More complex than it was in the past. Whereas fisheries science advice in the past was focused largely on stock biomass and productivity, fisheries science is now being asked to provide advice, information, and analysis oil stock interactions and predation, oil spawning seasons and locations, oil sensitive areas of significance to the species, oil the effect of Various gear technologies on benthic communities, oil the effect of the increasing number of invasive species in the ecosystem, and oil changing ocean conditions and their potential effect on stock dynamics now and in the future. With Static funding resources over the past decade, scientists have struggled to find ways to respond to these new queries and to still provide basic stock status advice that continues to be and will continue to be the core scientific requirement for making , fisheries management decisions. This state of affairs has stretched the capacity of fisheries science to respond to the growing array of information requests that are now considered necessary to make responsible decisions. Indeed, the growing complexity and challenges for fisheries management, for fisheries science and for the fishing industry as a whole, has significantly stretched static resources but has been addressed by unique responses, depending on the circumstances, and the development of new partnerships and working arrangements between fisheries managers, scientists, and the fishing industry.

@incollection{Bastardie2009,
  doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-2663-7_6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2663-7_6},
  year  = {2009},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  pages = {119--142},
  author = {Francois Bastardie and Alan Baudron and Richard Bilocca and Jesper Boje and Tammo P. Bult and Dorleta Garcia and Niels T. Hintzen and J. Rasmus Nielsen and Gudrun Petursdottir and Sonia Sanchez and Clara Ulrich},
  title = {Evaluating Biological Robustness of Innovative Management Alternatives},
  booktitle = {Comparative Evaluations of Innovative Fisheries Management}
}

@article{Payne2009,
  doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsp185},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp185},
  year  = {2009},
  month = {jul},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
  volume = {66},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1673--1680},
  author = {M. R. Payne and L. W. Clausen and H. Mosegaard},
  title = {Finding the signal in the noise: objective data-selection criteria improve the assessment of western Baltic spring-spawning herring},
  journal = {{ICES} Journal of Marine Science}
}

@article{Aarts2009,
  doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsp033},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp033},
  year  = {2009},
  month = {mar},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {763--771},
  author = {G. Aarts and J. J. Poos},
  title = {Comprehensive discard reconstruction and abundance estimation using flexible selectivity functions},
  journal = {{ICES} Journal of Marine Science}
}

@article{Ndjaula2009,
  doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsp032},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp032},
  year  = {2009},
  month = {mar},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
  volume = {66},
  number = {4},
  pages = {623--630},
  author = {H. O. N. Ndjaula and T. Hansen and M. Kruger-Johnsen and O. S. Kjesbu},
  title = {Oocyte development in captive Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus},
  journal = {{ICES} Journal of Marine Science}
}

@incollection{Megrey,
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_1},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  pages = {1--30},
  year  = {2009},
  author = {Bernard A. Megrey and Erlend Moksness},
  title = {Past,  Present and Future Trends in the Use of Computers in Fisheries Research},
  booktitle = {Computers in Fisheries Research}
}

@incollection{Maunder,
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_11},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  pages = {337--372},
  year  = {2009},
  author = {Mark N. Maunder and Jon T. Schnute and James N. Ianelli},
  title = {Computers in Fisheries Population Dynamics},
  booktitle = {Computers in Fisheries Research}
}

@article{ ISI:000261908500012,
Author = {Vermard, Youen and Marchal, Paul and Mahevas, Stephanie and Thebaud,
   Olivier},
Title = {{A dynamic model of the Bay of Biscay pelagic fleet simulating fishing
   trip choice: the response to the closure of the European anchovy
   (Engraulis encrasicolus) fishery in 2005}},
Journal = {{CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{65}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{2444-2453}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{The scope of this paper is to describe, evaluate, and forecast fishing
   trip choices of the Bay of Biscay pelagic fleet using random utility
   modeling (RUM). First, alternative fishing trip choices of this fleet
   were identified using multivariate statistical methods based on species
   landings weighted by value and defined as distinct fishing activity or
   fisheries (termed metiers). A RUM was specified, which included trip
   components as attributes during the period 20012004 ( a lagged
   percentage of the value per unit of effort of the main species caught,
   total value per unit of effort, and inertia in terms of changes from one
   metier to another). For the main metiers, the proportion of correct
   effort allocation is 90\% during the calibration period of 2001-2004.
   The results from the RUM are used to parameterize a simulation model of
   trip choice. The model is used to predict trip choices in 2005,
   throughout most of which fishing was constrained by the closure of the
   European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fishery. Simulation results
   are compared with observed trip choices following the fishing ban: 80\%
   of observed trip choices are correctly predicted by the model. The
   capacity of the behavioral model to predict responses to the closure is
   then discussed.}},
Publisher = {{NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS}},
Address = {{BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vermard, Y (Reprint Author), Agrocampus Rennes Pole Halieut,65 Rue St Brieuc,C, F-35042 Rennes, France.
   Vermard, Youen; Marchal, Paul, IFREMER, Dept Halieut Manche Mer Nord, F-62321 Boulogne S Mer, France.
   Vermard, Youen; Mahevas, Stephanie, IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Models Halieut, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Thebaud, Olivier, IFREMER, UMR AMURE, F-29280 Plouzane, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1139/F08-147}},
ISSN = {{0706-652X}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ISIS-FISH; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{Youen.Vermard@ifremer.fr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Thebaud, Olivier/D-9792-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Thebaud, Olivier/0000-0001-8665-3827
   Marchal, Paul/0000-0003-2047-4599
   Vermard, Youen/0000-0003-2828-2815}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}022644]}},
Funding-Text = {{We are very grateful for financial support through the CAFE project of
   the European Union (DG-Fish, contract no. 022644). We would also like to
   acknowledge the two anonymous referees for their relevant comments that
   have improved the paper.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
Times-Cited = {{35}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{386UQ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261908500012}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The scope of this paper is to describe, evaluate, and forecast fishing trip choices of the Bay of Biscay pelagic fleet using random utility modeling (RUM). First, alternative fishing trip choices of this fleet were identified using multivariate statistical methods based on species landings weighted by value and defined as distinct fishing activity or fisheries (termed metiers). A RUM was specified, which included trip components as attributes during the period 20012004 ( a lagged percentage of the value per unit of effort of the main species caught, total value per unit of effort, and inertia in terms of changes from one metier to another). For the main metiers, the proportion of correct effort allocation is 90% during the calibration period of 2001-2004. The results from the RUM are used to parameterize a simulation model of trip choice. The model is used to predict trip choices in 2005, throughout most of which fishing was constrained by the closure of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fishery. Simulation results are compared with observed trip choices following the fishing ban: 80% of observed trip choices are correctly predicted by the model. The capacity of the behavioral model to predict responses to the closure is then discussed.

@article{ ISI:000261353900005,
Author = {Needle, Coby L.},
Title = {{Management strategy evaluation for North Sea haddock}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{94}},
Number = {{2, SI}},
Pages = {{141-150}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{North Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are managed under a plan
   agreed between the European Union (EU) and Norway. This management plan
   was reviewed during 2006. As part of the review process, a quantitative
   management strategy evaluation (MSE) was undertaken, both of the
   existing plan and of proposed modifications. The evaluation was
   implemented in the R programming system, using FLR libraries, and was
   based on stochastic simulations of the complete fishery system
   (including a biological operating model, a knowledge production model
   with ``live{''} stock assessments, and a simple implementation model).
   The generation of appropriate time-series of recruitment was of key
   importance for a stock like North Sea haddock which produces sporadic
   large year-classes. Although some refinement of growth and discard
   models is still required, tentative conclusions can be reached on the
   likely efficacy of different management plans. Well-defined MSEs have
   the potential to impart useful information for assessment scientists,
   fisheries managers and stakeholders. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published
   by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Needle, CL (Reprint Author), FRS Marine Lab, POB 101,375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
   FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2008.03.004}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluations; Harvest control rules; North Sea
   haddock; Computer simulation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{needlec@marlab.ac.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
Times-Cited = {{13}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{378VY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261353900005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

North Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are managed under a plan agreed between the European Union (EU) and Norway. This management plan was reviewed during 2006. As part of the review process, a quantitative management strategy evaluation (MSE) was undertaken, both of the existing plan and of proposed modifications. The evaluation was implemented in the R programming system, using FLR libraries, and was based on stochastic simulations of the complete fishery system (including a biological operating model, a knowledge production model with ``live'' stock assessments, and a simple implementation model). The generation of appropriate time-series of recruitment was of key importance for a stock like North Sea haddock which produces sporadic large year-classes. Although some refinement of growth and discard models is still required, tentative conclusions can be reached on the likely efficacy of different management plans. Well-defined MSEs have the potential to impart useful information for assessment scientists, fisheries managers and stakeholders. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000260168000021,
Author = {Shelton, Peter A. and Sinclair, Alan F.},
Title = {{It's time to sharpen our definition of sustainable fisheries management}},
Journal = {{CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{65}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{2305-2314}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{We review and evaluate the sustainability paradigm as it applies to wild
   capture fisheries in the context of a recently developed harvest
   strategy framework that, if implemented, will meet Canada's national and
   international obligations with regard to sustainable fisheries. This
   framework is based on an operationally explicit definition of
   sustainability that includes a commitment to managing for maximum
   sustainable yield. Although Canadian policy strongly supports
   sustainable fisheries management in principle, usage of the term has
   been vague and implementation of sustainable fisheries management
   strategies has lagged. Fisheries managed under the recently developed
   framework would be better able to meet new ecocertification and
   ecolabelling standards. An emerging governance structure discussed
   herein with respect to fisheries management is conducive to implementing
   sustainable management practices that meet long-term public good
   objectives.}},
Publisher = {{CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS}},
Address = {{1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Shelton, PA (Reprint Author), Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
   Shelton, Peter A., Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
   Sinclair, Alan F., Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1139/F08-151}},
ISSN = {{0706-652X}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{sheltonp@dfo-mpo.gc.ca}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
Times-Cited = {{18}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
Journal-ISO = {{Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{361ZO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260168000021}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

We review and evaluate the sustainability paradigm as it applies to wild capture fisheries in the context of a recently developed harvest strategy framework that, if implemented, will meet Canada's national and international obligations with regard to sustainable fisheries. This framework is based on an operationally explicit definition of sustainability that includes a commitment to managing for maximum sustainable yield. Although Canadian policy strongly supports sustainable fisheries management in principle, usage of the term has been vague and implementation of sustainable fisheries management strategies has lagged. Fisheries managed under the recently developed framework would be better able to meet new ecocertification and ecolabelling standards. An emerging governance structure discussed herein with respect to fisheries management is conducive to implementing sustainable management practices that meet long-term public good objectives.

@article{ ISI:000257181600002,
Author = {Hoff, A. and Frost, H.},
Title = {{Modelling combined harvest and effort regulations: the case of the Dutch
   beam trawl fishery for plaice and sole in the North Sea}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{65}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{822-831}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Currently, several European fishing fleets are regulated through a
   combination of harvest and effort control. The two regulation schemes
   are interrelated, i.e. a given quota limit will necessarily determine
   the effort used, and vice versa. It is important to acknowledge this
   causality when assessing combined effort and harvest regulation systems.
   A bioeconomic feedback model is presented that takes into account the
   causality between effort and harvest control by switching back and forth
   between the two, depending on which is the binding rule. The model
   consists of a biological and an economic operation module, the former
   simulating stock assessment and quota establishment, and the latter
   simulating the economic fleet dynamics. When harvest control is binding,
   catch is evaluated using the biological projection formula, whereas the
   economics-based Cobb-Douglas production function is used when effort is
   binding. The method is applied to the Dutch beam trawl fishery for
   plaice and sole in the North Sea.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hoff, A (Reprint Author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   Hoff, A.; Frost, H., Univ Copenhagen, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsn057}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{bioeconomic feedback model; effort control; fleet dynamics; FLR; harvest
   control}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHING EFFORT}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ah@foi.dk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{319RN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257181600002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Currently, several European fishing fleets are regulated through a combination of harvest and effort control. The two regulation schemes are interrelated, i.e. a given quota limit will necessarily determine the effort used, and vice versa. It is important to acknowledge this causality when assessing combined effort and harvest regulation systems. A bioeconomic feedback model is presented that takes into account the causality between effort and harvest control by switching back and forth between the two, depending on which is the binding rule. The model consists of a biological and an economic operation module, the former simulating stock assessment and quota establishment, and the latter simulating the economic fleet dynamics. When harvest control is binding, catch is evaluated using the biological projection formula, whereas the economics-based Cobb-Douglas production function is used when effort is binding. The method is applied to the Dutch beam trawl fishery for plaice and sole in the North Sea.

@article{ ISI:000257181600029,
Author = {Pilling, Graham M. and Kell, Laurence T. and Hutton, Trevor and Bromley,
   Peter J. and Tidd, Alex N. and Bolle, Loes J.},
Title = {{Can economic and biological management objectives be achieved by the use
   of MSY-based reference points? A North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes
   platessa) and sole (Solea solea) case study}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{65}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1069-1080}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{We examined the biological and economic impact of changing from
   management based on single-species limit reference points to one based
   on alternative targets, using the multispecies multifleet North Sea
   flatfish fishery. The robustness of reference points was tested against
   identified changes in plaice and sole biology. Current ICES
   single-species limit and precautionary biomass and fishing mortality
   reference points were seldom consistent with each other. Although they
   were generally robust to biological uncertainty, fishing at F(pa) for
   sole could lead to stock collapse under one biological scenario.
   Adoption of alternative targets would reduce reliance on current
   reference points as stocks moved to a more sustainable state. Maximum
   sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and maximum
   employment conditions implied different effort levels in the two fleets
   modelled, and different profits. F(target) could be achieved with equal
   effort reductions in both fleets. Changes in stock biology affected the
   fishing effort required to maximize employment within the fishery,
   whereas MSY, F(max), and MEY targets were robust to this uncertainty.
   Resulting profits and yields did vary widely, however. The selection of
   target reference points therefore requires stakeholders to define
   fishery objectives explicitly, against which targets can be evaluated
   for the resulting trade-offs between risk to stocks, yield, employment,
   and other social objectives.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pilling, GM (Reprint Author), Cefas, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Pilling, Graham M.; Kell, Laurence T.; Hutton, Trevor; Bromley, Peter J.; Tidd, Alex N., Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Bolle, Loes J., Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsn063}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{flatfish; limit and target reference points; maximum sustainable yield;
   North Sea}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ADVICE; MATURATION; GROWTH; STOCKS; YIELD; COD;
   SUSTAINABILITY; RECRUITMENT; SIMULATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{graham.pilling@cefas.co.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hutton, Trevor/E-3066-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutton, Trevor/0000-0002-8747-6196}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{319RN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257181600029}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

We examined the biological and economic impact of changing from management based on single-species limit reference points to one based on alternative targets, using the multispecies multifleet North Sea flatfish fishery. The robustness of reference points was tested against identified changes in plaice and sole biology. Current ICES single-species limit and precautionary biomass and fishing mortality reference points were seldom consistent with each other. Although they were generally robust to biological uncertainty, fishing at F(pa) for sole could lead to stock collapse under one biological scenario. Adoption of alternative targets would reduce reliance on current reference points as stocks moved to a more sustainable state. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and maximum employment conditions implied different effort levels in the two fleets modelled, and different profits. F(target) could be achieved with equal effort reductions in both fleets. Changes in stock biology affected the fishing effort required to maximize employment within the fishery, whereas MSY, F(max), and MEY targets were robust to this uncertainty. Resulting profits and yields did vary widely, however. The selection of target reference points therefore requires stakeholders to define fishery objectives explicitly, against which targets can be evaluated for the resulting trade-offs between risk to stocks, yield, employment, and other social objectives.

@article{ ISI:000258631300002,
Author = {Dulvy, Nicholas K. and Baum, Julia K. and Clarke, Shelley and Compagno,
   Leonard J. V. and Cortes, Enric and Domingo, Andres and Fordham, Sonja
   and Fowler, Sarah and Francis, Malcolm P. and Gibson, Claudine and
   Martinez, Jimmy and Musick, John A. and Soldo, Alen and Stevens, John D.
   and Valenti, Sarah},
Title = {{You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of
   oceanic pelagic sharks and rays}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{459-482}},
Month = {{JUL-AUG}},
Abstract = {{1. Fishing spans all oceans and the impact on ocean predators such as
   sharks and rays is largely unknown. A lack of data and complicated
   jurisdictional issues present particular challenges for assessing and
   conserving high seas biodiversity. It is clear, however, that pelagic
   sharks and rays of the open ocean are subject to high and often
   unrestricted levels of mortality from bycatch and targeted fisheries for
   their meat and valuable fins.
   2. These species exhibit a wide range of life-history characteristics,
   but many have relatively low productivity and consequently relatively
   high intrinsic vulnerability to over-exploitation. The IUCN-World
   Conservation Union Red List criteria were used to assess the global
   status of 21 oceanic pelagic shark and ray species.
   3. Three-quarters (16) of these species are classified as Threatened or
   Near Threatened. Eleven species are globally threatened with higher risk
   of extinction: the giant devilray is Endangered, ten sharks are
   Vulnerable and a further five species are Near Threatened. Threat status
   depends on the interaction between the demographic resilience of the
   species and intensity of fisheries exploitation.
   4. Most threatened species, like the shortfin mako shark, have low
   population increase rates and suffer high fishing mortality throughout
   their range. Species with a lower risk of extinction have either fast,
   resilient life histories (e.g. pelagic stingray) or are species with
   slow, less resilient life histories but subject to fisheries management
   (e.g. salmon shark).
   5. Recommendations, including implementing and enforcing firming bans
   and catch limits, are made to guide effective conservation and
   management of these sharks and rays. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley \&
   Sons, Ltd.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dulvy, NK (Reprint Author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S5, Canada.
   Dulvy, Nicholas K., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Dulvy, Nicholas K., Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S5, Canada.
   Baum, Julia K., Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Clarke, Shelley, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   Compagno, Leonard J. V., Iziko S African Museum, Shark Res Ctr, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa.
   Cortes, Enric, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
   Domingo, Andres, Direec Nacl Recursos Acuat Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay.
   Fordham, Sonja, Ocean Conservancy \& Shark Alliance, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
   Fowler, Sarah; Gibson, Claudine; Valenti, Sarah, Nat Bur Int, IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Grp, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England.
   Francis, Malcolm P., Natl Inst Water \& Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
   Musick, John A., Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
   Soldo, Alen, Univ Split, Ctr Marine Studies, Split 21000, Croatia.
   Stevens, John D., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Martinez, Jimmy, Escuela Pesca Pacifico Oriental EPESPO, Manta, Ecuador.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/aqc.975}},
ISSN = {{1052-7613}},
EISSN = {{1099-0755}},
Keywords = {{biodiversity conservation; demography; elasmobranch; life histories;
   blue shark; white shark; porbeagle; thresher shark; tuna; billfish}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; DASYATIS-VIOLACEA BONAPARTE; BIGEYE THRESHER
   SHARK; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN
   MAKO; BLUE SHARK; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Water Resources}},
Author-Email = {{nick\_dulvy@sfu.ca}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013
   Soldo, Alen/C-6802-2017
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Soldo, Alen/0000-0002-0748-7558
   Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Conservation International}},
Funding-Text = {{The pelagic shark workshop and the work presented in this report were
   supported by the Pew Charitable Trust/Lenfest Ocean Programme.
   Conservation International is funding the completion of the SSG's global
   chondrichthyan assessment. We also acknowledge the numerous other
   funders of the SSG's various Red List workshops over the past four
   years. Full details Eire provided on the Funding Acknowledgements page
   of the SSG's
   website(www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/ssgfunds.htm). We thank
   Fabrizio Serena, Colin Simpfendorfer and John Baxter for their
   constructive comments.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{158}},
Times-Cited = {{289}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{30}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{331}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{340FK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000258631300002}},
OA = {{No}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

1. Fishing spans all oceans and the impact on ocean predators such as sharks and rays is largely unknown. A lack of data and complicated jurisdictional issues present particular challenges for assessing and conserving high seas biodiversity. It is clear, however, that pelagic sharks and rays of the open ocean are subject to high and often unrestricted levels of mortality from bycatch and targeted fisheries for their meat and valuable fins. 2. These species exhibit a wide range of life-history characteristics, but many have relatively low productivity and consequently relatively high intrinsic vulnerability to over-exploitation. The IUCN-World Conservation Union Red List criteria were used to assess the global status of 21 oceanic pelagic shark and ray species. 3. Three-quarters (16) of these species are classified as Threatened or Near Threatened. Eleven species are globally threatened with higher risk of extinction: the giant devilray is Endangered, ten sharks are Vulnerable and a further five species are Near Threatened. Threat status depends on the interaction between the demographic resilience of the species and intensity of fisheries exploitation. 4. Most threatened species, like the shortfin mako shark, have low population increase rates and suffer high fishing mortality throughout their range. Species with a lower risk of extinction have either fast, resilient life histories (e.g. pelagic stingray) or are species with slow, less resilient life histories but subject to fisheries management (e.g. salmon shark). 5. Recommendations, including implementing and enforcing firming bans and catch limits, are made to guide effective conservation and management of these sharks and rays. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

@article{ ISI:000259966800005,
Author = {Hoff, Ayoe and Frost, Hans},
Title = {{Modelling economic response to harvest and effort control in North Sea
   cod fishery}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{21}},
Number = {{3, SI}},
Pages = {{259-264}},
Month = {{JUL-SEP}},
Note = {{Conference of the European-Association-of-Fisheries-Economists,
   Reykjavik, ICELAND, 2007}},
Abstract = {{A number of European fishing fleets have been regulated through a
   combination of quota and effort (sea days) controls since 2004. These
   two regulation schemes are, however, interrelated, i.e. a given quota
   limit will necessarily determine the effort used and vice versa. A
   bioeconomic feedback model is presented which takes this causality
   between effort and harvest control into account, and switches back and
   forth between these two regulation schemes depending on which is the
   binding rule. The model is based on biological stock projection, and
   quotas are set using the Pope approximation while an economic production
   function is used to estimate the harvest when the effort is binding. The
   economic response of the fleet is modelled through a dynamic
   investment/disinvestment module which evaluates the change in the fleet
   capacity given the economic outcome of the fishery. A simple example is
   presented for the Danish seiners catching cod in the North Sea. The
   model has been constructed as part of the 6th framework project
   ``Operational Evaluation Tools for Fisheries Management Options
   (EFIMAS){''}.}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hoff, A (Reprint Author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   Hoff, Ayoe; Frost, Hans, Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Inst Food \& Resource Econ, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr:2008038}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
Keywords = {{Combined quota and effort control; Bio-economic modelling; FLR
   (Fisheries Laboratory in language R)}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STOCK; HAKE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{ah@foi.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Frost, Hans Staby/E-1213-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Frost, Hans Staby/0000-0002-5680-4695}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{359DO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259966800005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

A number of European fishing fleets have been regulated through a combination of quota and effort (sea days) controls since 2004. These two regulation schemes are, however, interrelated, i.e. a given quota limit will necessarily determine the effort used and vice versa. A bioeconomic feedback model is presented which takes this causality between effort and harvest control into account, and switches back and forth between these two regulation schemes depending on which is the binding rule. The model is based on biological stock projection, and quotas are set using the Pope approximation while an economic production function is used to estimate the harvest when the effort is binding. The economic response of the fleet is modelled through a dynamic investment/disinvestment module which evaluates the change in the fleet capacity given the economic outcome of the fishery. A simple example is presented for the Danish seiners catching cod in the North Sea. The model has been constructed as part of the 6th framework project ``Operational Evaluation Tools for Fisheries Management Options (EFIMAS)''.

@article{ ISI:000259966800006,
Author = {van Oostenbrugge, Hans J. A. E. and Powell, Jeff P. and Smit, Jos P. G.
   and Poos, Jan-Jaap and Kraak, Sarah B. M. and Buisman, Erik F. C.},
Title = {{Linking catchability and fisher behaviour under effort management}},
Journal = {{AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{21}},
Number = {{3, SI}},
Pages = {{265-273}},
Month = {{JUL-SEP}},
Note = {{Conference of the European-Association-of-Fisheries-Economists,
   Reykjavik, ICELAND, 2007}},
Abstract = {{Catchability is crucial for the economic performance of fisheries and
   their management. However, in many bio-economic simulation models it is
   assumed to be either constant or it is largely ignored, despite the fact
   that it is known to vary due to technical, environmental and behavioral
   factors. Such variation can cause the relationship between effort and
   fishing mortality to be nonlinear. This paper provides evidence for the
   possibility of nonlinear optimizing behavior from the Dutch beam trawl
   fishery, provides a methodology for estimating the curvature of the
   resulting relation, and a simple way of implementing these processes
   within a bio-economic model. Moreover, it shows the influence of a
   nonlinear relationship between effort and fishing mortality in a model
   of effort management (EU long-term flatfish management plan).}},
Publisher = {{EDP SCIENCES S A}},
Address = {{17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{van Oostenbrugge, HJAE (Reprint Author), LEI Agr Econ Res Inst, Fisheries Unit, POB 29703, NL-2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands.
   van Oostenbrugge, Hans J. A. E.; Powell, Jeff P.; Smit, Jos P. G.; Buisman, Erik F. C., LEI Agr Econ Res Inst, Fisheries Unit, NL-2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands.
   Poos, Jan-Jaap; Kraak, Sarah B. M., Wageningen UR, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1051/alr:2008035}},
ISSN = {{0990-7440}},
Keywords = {{Non-linearity; Bio-economic modeling; FLR framework; North Sea flatfish
   fishery}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{Hans.vanOostenbrugge@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Poos, Jan Jaap/B-9940-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Poos, Jan Jaap/0000-0002-8507-5751}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
Times-Cited = {{17}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{Aquat. Living Resour.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{359DO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259966800006}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Catchability is crucial for the economic performance of fisheries and their management. However, in many bio-economic simulation models it is assumed to be either constant or it is largely ignored, despite the fact that it is known to vary due to technical, environmental and behavioral factors. Such variation can cause the relationship between effort and fishing mortality to be nonlinear. This paper provides evidence for the possibility of nonlinear optimizing behavior from the Dutch beam trawl fishery, provides a methodology for estimating the curvature of the resulting relation, and a simple way of implementing these processes within a bio-economic model. Moreover, it shows the influence of a nonlinear relationship between effort and fishing mortality in a model of effort management (EU long-term flatfish management plan).

@article{ ISI:000255816900020,
Author = {Kraak, S. B. M. and Buisman, F. C. and Dickey-Collas, M. and Poos, J. J.
   and Pastoors, M. A. and Smit, J. G. P. and van Oostenbrugge, J. A. E.
   and Daan, N.},
Title = {{The effect of management choices on the sustainability and economic
   performance of a mixed fishery: a simulation study}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{65}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{697-U3}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Alternative management scenarios were evaluated in a simulation
   framework that mimicked the recent exploitation of sole and plaice in
   the North Sea. A large proportion of plaice is taken as bycatch of the
   beam trawl fleet targeting sole, yet current management of the two
   stocks assumes no interaction in their exploitation. The evaluation
   criteria included biological and economic sustainability, and stability
   in the management measures. The fishery was assumed to respond to
   management restrictions by dropping the least profitable trips. We
   investigated two contrasting management strategies, single-species total
   allowable catches, and effort regulation. Under the assumptions made,
   the latter strategy performed better. The results suggest that, given
   assessment error and bias, a strategy that accounts for the mixed nature
   of a fishery and that occasionally results in perceived
   underexploitation may work best. Stability in fishing mortality
   reinforces itself, through lower assessment bias, and management
   corrections become less frequent. The common assumption in many stock
   assessments in EC waters that fishing mortality in the most recent year
   should resemble the value obtained in previous years ({''}shrinkage{''})
   had a negative effect on the stability of control measures.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kraak, SBM (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Kraak, S. B. M.; Dickey-Collas, M.; Poos, J. J.; Pastoors, M. A.; Daan, N., Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Buisman, F. C.; Smit, J. G. P.; van Oostenbrugge, J. A. E., Agr Econ Res Inst LEI, NL-2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsn045}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{economic performance; effort regulation; management strategy evaluation;
   mixed fishery; North Sea plaice; North Sea sole}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA PLAICE; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISHING EFFORT; ADVICE; EXPERIENCES;
   UNCERTAINTY; STRATEGIES; TRENDS; IMPACT}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{sarah.kraak@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008
   Poos, Jan Jaap/B-9940-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Poos, Jan Jaap/0000-0002-8507-5751}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
Times-Cited = {{31}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{300IG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255816900020}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Alternative management scenarios were evaluated in a simulation framework that mimicked the recent exploitation of sole and plaice in the North Sea. A large proportion of plaice is taken as bycatch of the beam trawl fleet targeting sole, yet current management of the two stocks assumes no interaction in their exploitation. The evaluation criteria included biological and economic sustainability, and stability in the management measures. The fishery was assumed to respond to management restrictions by dropping the least profitable trips. We investigated two contrasting management strategies, single-species total allowable catches, and effort regulation. Under the assumptions made, the latter strategy performed better. The results suggest that, given assessment error and bias, a strategy that accounts for the mixed nature of a fishery and that occasionally results in perceived underexploitation may work best. Stability in fishing mortality reinforces itself, through lower assessment bias, and management corrections become less frequent. The common assumption in many stock assessments in EC waters that fishing mortality in the most recent year should resemble the value obtained in previous years (''shrinkage'') had a negative effect on the stability of control measures.

@article{ ISI:000254683000005,
Author = {Seminoff, Jeffrey A. and Shanker, Kartik},
Title = {{Marine turtles and IUCN Red Listing: A review of the process, the
   pitfalls, and novel assessment approaches}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{356}},
Number = {{1-2}},
Pages = {{52-68}},
Month = {{MAR 3}},
Abstract = {{Marine turtles have been exploited by humans since pre-history, with
   particular intensity in the last century, the result of which has been
   the depletion of most nesting populations in the world. In many cases
   these declines have been reversed thanks to a variety of effective
   conservation programs. Several nesting populations maintain positive
   growth trends, although most are probably depleted relative to historic
   levels, while others continue in a severely depleted state, with little
   or no population growth in recent decades. This mosaic of population
   trajectories along with demographic and life-history traits that buffer
   against extinction has created unique challenges for marine turtle
   assessments such as those by the World Conservation Union's (IUCN)
   Marine Turtle Specialist Group, which conducts global assessments for
   the IUCN Red List. While the Red Listing approach describes extinction
   risk, which theoretically can be useful for developing conservation
   priorities, the descriptors that have been assigned to marine turtles so
   far (e.g. Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered) state an
   unrealistic imminence of extinction, a problem enhanced by the fact that
   its global resolution fails to reflect the disparate population trends
   ongoing in different regions worldwide. Coupled with misuse of the Red
   List by governments and conservation organizations worldwide, these
   shortcomings have led to increased debate regarding its efficacy for
   marine turtles. In this paper we describe the Red Listing assessment
   process, the problems associated with this approach for marine turtles,
   as well as the overall value of Red List assessments for marine turtle
   conservation. We suggest that Red list assessments for marine turtles at
   the global scale do not accurately depict the current status of marine
   turtles and may have unintended consequences for their conservation.
   Largely the data do not exist, or are not reliable, making the use of
   the current criteria intractable. We discuss novel methods for
   conducting marine turtle assessments, such as using a wider array of the
   current Red List Criteria, modelling future population dynamics, and
   developing regional assessments and/or conservation prescriptive
   assessments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Seminoff, JA (Reprint Author), NOAA, Marine Turtle Res Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   Seminoff, Jeffrey A., NOAA, Marine Turtle Res Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   Shanker, Kartik, Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 566012, Karnataka, India.
   Shanker, Kartik, Ashoka Trust Res Ecol \& Environm, Bangalore 566012, Karnataka, India.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.007}},
ISSN = {{0022-0981}},
EISSN = {{1879-1697}},
Keywords = {{assessment; IUCN criteria; endangered; modelling; population trend; sea
   turtle}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CORIACEA
   NESTING POPULATION; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES;
   GREEN TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; COSTA-RICA;
   ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Marine \& Freshwater Biology}},
Author-Email = {{jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov
   kshanker@ces.iisc.ernet.in}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{134}},
Times-Cited = {{42}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{67}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{284CN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000254683000005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Marine turtles have been exploited by humans since pre-history, with particular intensity in the last century, the result of which has been the depletion of most nesting populations in the world. In many cases these declines have been reversed thanks to a variety of effective conservation programs. Several nesting populations maintain positive growth trends, although most are probably depleted relative to historic levels, while others continue in a severely depleted state, with little or no population growth in recent decades. This mosaic of population trajectories along with demographic and life-history traits that buffer against extinction has created unique challenges for marine turtle assessments such as those by the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) Marine Turtle Specialist Group, which conducts global assessments for the IUCN Red List. While the Red Listing approach describes extinction risk, which theoretically can be useful for developing conservation priorities, the descriptors that have been assigned to marine turtles so far (e.g. Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered) state an unrealistic imminence of extinction, a problem enhanced by the fact that its global resolution fails to reflect the disparate population trends ongoing in different regions worldwide. Coupled with misuse of the Red List by governments and conservation organizations worldwide, these shortcomings have led to increased debate regarding its efficacy for marine turtles. In this paper we describe the Red Listing assessment process, the problems associated with this approach for marine turtles, as well as the overall value of Red List assessments for marine turtle conservation. We suggest that Red list assessments for marine turtles at the global scale do not accurately depict the current status of marine turtles and may have unintended consequences for their conservation. Largely the data do not exist, or are not reliable, making the use of the current criteria intractable. We discuss novel methods for conducting marine turtle assessments, such as using a wider array of the current Red List Criteria, modelling future population dynamics, and developing regional assessments and/or conservation prescriptive assessments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@incollection{ ISI:000288205300008,
Author = {De Oliveira, Jose A. A. and Kell, Laurence T. and Punt, Andre E. and
   Roel, Beatriz A. and Butterworth, Doug S.},
Editor = {{Payne, A and Cotter, J and Potter, T}},
Title = {{Managing without best predictions: the Management Strategy Evaluation
   framework}},
Booktitle = {{ADVANCES IN FISHERIES SCIENCE: 50 YEARS ON FROM BEVERTON AND HOLT}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{104-134}},
Abstract = {{Despite consistent and extensive efforts over the past 50 years by
   regional management bodies and national governments to regulate
   fisheries, fishing capacity has often remained well above that necessary
   to exploit marine resources at optimal sustainable levels. Although the
   need to develop alternative novel management strategies that are able to
   meet their goals is widely recognized, it is almost impossible to
   achieve this by conducting large-scale experiments on fish populations.
   There has therefore been a trend towards the use of computer simulation
   to identify management strategies that can satisfy multiple objectives
   and that are robust to uncertainty. This chapter introduces harvest
   control rules (HCRs), and reviews the use of the Management Strategy
   Evaluation (MSE) framework, including its role in the transformation of
   HCRs into management procedures. Several examples of the implementation
   and use of the MSE framework around the world are given, and potential
   benefits and problems are discussed. Finally, the paper discusses the
   possible role of the MSE framework in implementing agreements under the
   World Summit on Sustainable Development and ecosystem-based fisheries
   management.}},
Publisher = {{BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL}},
Address = {{OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Book Chapter}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{De Oliveira, JAA (Reprint Author), Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   De Oliveira, Jose A. A.; Kell, Laurence T.; Roel, Beatriz A., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Punt, Andre E., Univ Washington, Sch Aquat \& Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Punt, Andre E., CSIRO Marine \& Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Butterworth, Doug S., Univ Cape Town, Marine Resource Assessment \& Management Grp, Dept Math \& Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/9781444302653.ch6}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4051-7083-3}},
Keywords = {{ecosystem-based fishery management; harvest control rules; management
   procedures; Management Strategy Evaluation; precautionary approach;
   robustness; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INTERNATIONAL-WHALING-COMMISSION; ICES ROUNDFISH STOCKS;
   FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; REFERENCE POINTS; CONTROL RULES; AUSTRALIA;
   SYSTEMS; TOOLS; UNCERTAINTY; RESOURCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{jose.deoliveira@cefas.co.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{113}},
Times-Cited = {{32}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BTV92}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288205300008}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Despite consistent and extensive efforts over the past 50 years by regional management bodies and national governments to regulate fisheries, fishing capacity has often remained well above that necessary to exploit marine resources at optimal sustainable levels. Although the need to develop alternative novel management strategies that are able to meet their goals is widely recognized, it is almost impossible to achieve this by conducting large-scale experiments on fish populations. There has therefore been a trend towards the use of computer simulation to identify management strategies that can satisfy multiple objectives and that are robust to uncertainty. This chapter introduces harvest control rules (HCRs), and reviews the use of the Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework, including its role in the transformation of HCRs into management procedures. Several examples of the implementation and use of the MSE framework around the world are given, and potential benefits and problems are discussed. Finally, the paper discusses the possible role of the MSE framework in implementing agreements under the World Summit on Sustainable Development and ecosystem-based fisheries management.

@incollection{ ISI:000288205300012,
Author = {Apostolaki, Panayiota and Pilling, Graham M. and Armstrong, Michael J.
   and Metcalfe, Julian D. and Forster, Rodney},
Editor = {{Payne, A and Cotter, J and Potter, T}},
Title = {{Accumulation of new knowledge and advances in fishery management: two
   complementary processes?}},
Booktitle = {{ADVANCES IN FISHERIES SCIENCE: 50 YEARS ON FROM BEVERTON AND HOLT}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{229-254}},
Abstract = {{The past few decades have marked a dramatic change in our ability to
   collect, analyse and use information about fish stocks, the natural
   systems of which they are part, and the external conditions that affect
   them. It is often claimed that this knowledge would contribute to the
   sustainable use of marine resources if taken into account in the
   development of fisheries management plans. However, the incorporation of
   new knowledge in such processes has been slow compared with the rate at
   which new knowledge is accumulated. Here, we discuss some of the factors
   that can impede the uptake of new knowledge at both the level of
   preparing official scientific advice or when this advice is used to
   adopt fishery management measures. We also suggest ways to improve
   utilization and uptake of new knowledge and reference cases in which
   such uptake has been facilitated.}},
Publisher = {{BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL}},
Address = {{OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Book Chapter}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Apostolaki, P (Reprint Author), Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Apostolaki, Panayiota; Pilling, Graham M.; Armstrong, Michael J.; Metcalfe, Julian D.; Forster, Rodney, Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/9781444302653.ch10}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4051-7083-3}},
Keywords = {{assimilation of new knowledge; communication; fisheries management; peer
   review; scientific advice; stakeholders; stock assessment; technological
   advances; uncertainty}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MIGRATORY
   BEHAVIOR; MARINE FISHERIES; STOCK ASSESSMENT; EL-NINO; SCIENCE; COD;
   OCEAN}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{panayiota.apostolaki@cefas.co.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{92}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BTV92}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288205300012}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The past few decades have marked a dramatic change in our ability to collect, analyse and use information about fish stocks, the natural systems of which they are part, and the external conditions that affect them. It is often claimed that this knowledge would contribute to the sustainable use of marine resources if taken into account in the development of fisheries management plans. However, the incorporation of new knowledge in such processes has been slow compared with the rate at which new knowledge is accumulated. Here, we discuss some of the factors that can impede the uptake of new knowledge at both the level of preparing official scientific advice or when this advice is used to adopt fishery management measures. We also suggest ways to improve utilization and uptake of new knowledge and reference cases in which such uptake has been facilitated.

@incollection{ ISI:000288205300016,
Author = {Pinnegar, John K. and Trenkel, Verena M. and Blanchard, Julia L.},
Editor = {{Payne, A and Cotter, J and Potter, T}},
Title = {{80 years of multispecies fisheries modelling: significant advances and
   continuing challenges}},
Booktitle = {{ADVANCES IN FISHERIES SCIENCE: 50 YEARS ON FROM BEVERTON AND HOLT}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{325-357}},
Abstract = {{Over the past 80 years there have been many advances in the development
   of multispecies fisheries models, from the simple predator-prey models
   of Vito Volterra to the highly complex ecosystem and size-based models
   of today. Here, we explore whether multispecies fisheries models have
   provided useful insight or whether they have been guilty of ``muddying
   the waters{''}. We conclude that multispecies models have proved useful,
   in particular they have shown that natural predators may take of the
   same order of prey fish as fishing vessels, they have provided
   information on the long-term prognosis for stock recovery, and they have
   been used to evaluate precautionary reference points for fishery
   management. However, the course of history has not always run smoothly,
   and scientists have found it difficult to describe adequately the
   functional relationships that exist between predators and their prey.
   Added to this, there are infinite ways to configure complex foodweb
   models, so it is often very difficult to discern the main influences on
   model outputs. Several promising avenues for future research are
   described, including individual- and size-based models, stochastic
   multispecies models, and coupled biogeochemical and fisheries models.
   One of the most promising avenues might be to provide operating models
   for inclusion in operational management procedures.}},
Publisher = {{BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL}},
Address = {{OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Book Chapter}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pinnegar, JK (Reprint Author), Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Pinnegar, John K.; Blanchard, Julia L., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Trenkel, Verena M., IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Modeles Halieut, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/9781444302653.ch14}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4051-7083-3}},
Keywords = {{ecosystem; modelling; multispecies; natural mortality; predator; prey}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS;
   DEMERSAL FISH COMMUNITIES; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODEL; INDIVIDUAL-BASED
   MODEL; BIOMASS SIZE SPECTRA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FOOD-WEB; MARINE
   ECOSYSTEMS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{john.pinnegar@cefas.co.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{179}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BTV92}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288205300016}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Over the past 80 years there have been many advances in the development of multispecies fisheries models, from the simple predator-prey models of Vito Volterra to the highly complex ecosystem and size-based models of today. Here, we explore whether multispecies fisheries models have provided useful insight or whether they have been guilty of ``muddying the waters''. We conclude that multispecies models have proved useful, in particular they have shown that natural predators may take of the same order of prey fish as fishing vessels, they have provided information on the long-term prognosis for stock recovery, and they have been used to evaluate precautionary reference points for fishery management. However, the course of history has not always run smoothly, and scientists have found it difficult to describe adequately the functional relationships that exist between predators and their prey. Added to this, there are infinite ways to configure complex foodweb models, so it is often very difficult to discern the main influences on model outputs. Several promising avenues for future research are described, including individual- and size-based models, stochastic multispecies models, and coupled biogeochemical and fisheries models. One of the most promising avenues might be to provide operating models for inclusion in operational management procedures.

@inproceedings{ ISI:000258525400022,
Author = {Lorance, P. and Large, P. A. and Bergstad, O. A. and Gordon, J. D. M.},
Editor = {{Orloov, AM and Iwamoto, T}},
Title = {{Grenadiers of the Northeast Atlantic - Distribution, biology, fisheries,
   and their impacts, and developments in stock assessment and management}},
Booktitle = {{GRENADIERS OF THE WORLD OCEANS: BIOLOGY, STOCK ASSESSMENT, AND FISHERIES}},
Series = {{American Fisheries Society Symposium}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{63}},
Pages = {{365+}},
Note = {{Symposium on Grenadiers of the World Oceans - Biology, Stock Assessment,
   and Fisheries held at the 136th Annual Meeting of the
   American-Fisheries-Society, Lake Placid, NY, SEP 11, 2006}},
Organization = {{Amer Fisheries Soc}},
Abstract = {{The biology and fisheries of macrourid species in the NE Atlantic are
   reviewed. Of about 30 species that occur within that area, the roundnose
   grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris is one of the main target species of
   deep-water fisheries. Roughhead grenadier Macrourus berglax is a minor
   bycatch of other deep-water fisheries and an occasional target of sonic
   small fisheries. Other macrourid species are not commercially exploited
   because they are too small and/or in too deep waters, but sonic are also
   taken as accidental bycatch. There are three main fisheries for
   roundnose grenadier: north and west of the British Isles, Skagerrak, and
   Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Skagerrak fishery is mainly for fish meal while
   the others are for human consumption. Due to data availability, a range
   of assessment methods has been trialled primarily for stocks to the
   north and west of the British Isles. Although uncertain, these
   assessments provide evidence that the stock has been severely depleted.
   Fisheries were largely unregulated until the early 2000s, but following
   repeated International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
   advice, total allowable catches were introduced in 2003 together with
   effort and capacity regulations. Roundnose grenadier is the most studied
   species. It lives more than 50 years, compared to 30 years or more for
   roughhead grenadier. The limited knowledge of other species suggests a
   contrasting picture of maximum age ranging from 10 to 40 years. Taking
   into account the limited biological knowledge for these species, the
   pros and cons of the current management regime are discussed.}},
Publisher = {{AMER FISHERIES SOC}},
Address = {{5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lorance, P (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Modeles Halieut, Rue Iile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Lorance, P., IFREMER, Dept Ecol \& Modeles Halieut, Rue Iile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
   Large, P. A., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Bergstad, O. A., Inst Marine Res, N-4817 His, Norway.
   Gordon, J. D. M., Scottish Associat Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland.}},
ISSN = {{0892-2284}},
ISBN = {{978-1-934874-00-4}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MACROURUS-BERGLAX LACEPEDE; CORYPHAENOIDES-RUPESTRIS GUNNERUS; FISH
   ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; EASTERN NORWEGIAN SEA; DEEP-WATER; ROCKALL TROUGH;
   DEMERSAL FISH; ROUGHHEAD GRENADIER; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ROUNDNOSE
   GRENADIER}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{pascal.lorance@ifremer.fr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lorance, Pascal/F-4668-2011}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lorance, Pascal/0000-0002-6453-2925}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community's MarBEF Network of Excellence `Marine Biodiversity
   and Ecosystem Functioning' {[}GOCE-CT-2003-505446]}},
Funding-Text = {{The first author acknowledges the support by the European Community's
   MarBEF Network of Excellence `Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem
   Functioning' (contract no. GOCE-CT-2003-505446). This publication is
   contribution number MPS- 07065 ofMarBEF.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{110}},
Times-Cited = {{20}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BID29}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000258525400022}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The biology and fisheries of macrourid species in the NE Atlantic are reviewed. Of about 30 species that occur within that area, the roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris is one of the main target species of deep-water fisheries. Roughhead grenadier Macrourus berglax is a minor bycatch of other deep-water fisheries and an occasional target of sonic small fisheries. Other macrourid species are not commercially exploited because they are too small and/or in too deep waters, but sonic are also taken as accidental bycatch. There are three main fisheries for roundnose grenadier: north and west of the British Isles, Skagerrak, and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Skagerrak fishery is mainly for fish meal while the others are for human consumption. Due to data availability, a range of assessment methods has been trialled primarily for stocks to the north and west of the British Isles. Although uncertain, these assessments provide evidence that the stock has been severely depleted. Fisheries were largely unregulated until the early 2000s, but following repeated International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) advice, total allowable catches were introduced in 2003 together with effort and capacity regulations. Roundnose grenadier is the most studied species. It lives more than 50 years, compared to 30 years or more for roughhead grenadier. The limited knowledge of other species suggests a contrasting picture of maximum age ranging from 10 to 40 years. Taking into account the limited biological knowledge for these species, the pros and cons of the current management regime are discussed.

@inproceedings{ ISI:000268884500011,
Author = {Rose, G. A. and Bradbury, I. R. and deYoung, B. and Fudge, S. B. and
   Lawson, G. L. and Mello, L. G. S. and Robichaud, D. and Sherwood, G. and
   Snelgrove, P. V. R. and Windle, M. J. S.},
Editor = {{Kruse, GH and Drinkwater, K and Ianelli, JN and Link, JS and Stram, DL and Wespestad, V}},
Title = {{Rebuilding Atlantic Cod: Lessons from a Spawning Ground in Coastal
   Newfoundland}},
Booktitle = {{RESILIENCY OF GADID STOCKS TO FISHING AND CLIMATE CHANGE}},
Series = {{Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{24}},
Pages = {{197-219}},
Note = {{Symposium on Resiliency of Gadid Stocks to Fishing and Climate Change,
   Anchorage, AK, OCT 31-NOV 03, 2006}},
Organization = {{Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program; Univ Alaska Fishing \& Climate Change}},
Abstract = {{Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was studied at the Bar Haven, Placentia Bay,
   Newfoundland (NAFO 3Ps stock unit) spawning ground from 1996 to 2003.
   Lessons applicable to management of rebuilding stocks derived from these
   studies are reviewed: (1) cod spawn in the same area each year, but
   numbers and timing vary (spawning biomass varied from 2,000 to 25,000 t,
   with timing protracted over at least 100 days); (2) courtship and
   spawning behavior is complex, and includes lekking, sound production,
   and vertical rituals; (3) large fish in good condition are necessary to
   large egg potential because fecundity increases exponentially with fish
   size-total egg potential varied considerably from year to year with
   spawning abundance, age changes, and mean liver condition in spawning
   females; (4) retention of early life stages did not explain local
   recruitment and rankings of annual densities of eggs, larvae and
   juveniles did not match with local recruitment during three years of
   study; (5) dispersal of early life stages, juveniles, and adults was
   density-dependent; (6) individual adults homed to the same spawning
   ground in sequential years, but others strayed; (7) egg potential was
   correlated with the return of adults to the spawning ground 4-5 years
   later (r(2) = 0.33, d.f. 3), and with recruitment to the full stock area
   (NAFO subdivision 3Ps) (r(2) = 0.96, d.f. 5), with only weak
   compensation in survival at low stock size; (8) fishing on spawning
   aggregations may harm reproductive potential; and (9) seasonal fisheries
   influence fishing mortality, commercial yield, and value. Management
   implications are discussed.}},
Publisher = {{ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM}},
Address = {{UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rose, GA (Reprint Author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fisheries \& Marine Inst, Fisheries Conservat Grp, St John, NF, Canada.
   Rose, G. A.; Bradbury, I. R.; deYoung, B.; Fudge, S. B.; Lawson, G. L.; Mello, L. G. S.; Robichaud, D.; Sherwood, G.; Snelgrove, P. V. R.; Windle, M. J. S., Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fisheries \& Marine Inst, Fisheries Conservat Grp, St John, NF, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.4027/rgsfcc.2008.11}},
ISBN = {{978-1-56612-126-2}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GADUS-MORHUA L.; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; PLACENTIA BAY;
   POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLASS STRENGTH; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; BEHAVIOR;
   GROWTH; STOCKS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{grose@mi.mun.ca
   susan.fudge@mi.mun.ca}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
Times-Cited = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BKP66}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000268884500011}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was studied at the Bar Haven, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland (NAFO 3Ps stock unit) spawning ground from 1996 to 2003. Lessons applicable to management of rebuilding stocks derived from these studies are reviewed: (1) cod spawn in the same area each year, but numbers and timing vary (spawning biomass varied from 2,000 to 25,000 t, with timing protracted over at least 100 days); (2) courtship and spawning behavior is complex, and includes lekking, sound production, and vertical rituals; (3) large fish in good condition are necessary to large egg potential because fecundity increases exponentially with fish size-total egg potential varied considerably from year to year with spawning abundance, age changes, and mean liver condition in spawning females; (4) retention of early life stages did not explain local recruitment and rankings of annual densities of eggs, larvae and juveniles did not match with local recruitment during three years of study; (5) dispersal of early life stages, juveniles, and adults was density-dependent; (6) individual adults homed to the same spawning ground in sequential years, but others strayed; (7) egg potential was correlated with the return of adults to the spawning ground 4-5 years later (r(2) = 0.33, d.f. 3), and with recruitment to the full stock area (NAFO subdivision 3Ps) (r(2) = 0.96, d.f. 5), with only weak compensation in survival at low stock size; (8) fishing on spawning aggregations may harm reproductive potential; and (9) seasonal fisheries influence fishing mortality, commercial yield, and value. Management implications are discussed.

@article{ ISI:000249476600020,
Author = {Catchpole, T. L. and Tidd, A. N. and Kell, L. T. and Revill, A. S. and
   Dunlin, G.},
Title = {{The potential for new Nephrops trawl designs to positively effect North
   Sea stocks of cod, haddock and whiting}},
Journal = {{FISHERIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{86}},
Number = {{2-3}},
Pages = {{262-267}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Within commercial fisheries, particularly mixed fisheries, both target
   and non-target species are often discarded. Discarding represents a
   potentially significant loss to the productivity of fish stocks; it can
   have damaging ecological consequences, and is a potential cause of the
   failure of recovery plans. The Nephrops fishery in the North Sea is
   classified as a mixed fishery. Nephrops trawls are constructed with
   smaller meshes than trawls used to target whitefish; consequently, the
   bycatch of juvenile fish can be substantial. Several new Nephrops trawl
   designs have been tested in the North Sea. The data from these trials
   are used to investigate the potential impact of their implementation on
   cod, haddock and whiting stocks in the North Sea (including the Kattegat
   and Skagerrak).
   The model examines five trawl designs, and also the scenarios of a
   cessation of discarding in all North Sea fisheries and in just the
   Nephrops fishery. The model is deterministic, and evaluates the relative
   differences between scenarios assuming all other variables remain
   constant. If discarding of cod, haddock and whiting in the North Sea
   fisheries were eliminated, stocks would increase by 41\%, 14\% and 29\%,
   respectively, within 10 years. Eliminating discarding in the Nephrops
   fishery alone would increase stocks by 2\%, 1\% and 13\%, respectively,
   reflecting the relative proportion of catches of these species in the
   Nephrops fishery. For cod and haddock, the introduction of the Nephrops
   trawl with a grid with a square-mesh codend was the only scenario in
   which a notable increase in stock number was observed. This trawl design
   facilitates the escape of fish of all ages/sizes from the trawl,
   effectively making the Nephrops fishery a single-species fishery. For
   whiting, stock numbers and landings increased under all scenarios, but
   forecasted landings were lower than if current discard patterns
   continued in all except the no-discards scenario. The dependency of the
   results on the validity of the assumptions and on the accuracy of the
   input data is discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Catchpole, TL (Reprint Author), Cefas, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Seafish House, Sea Fish Ind Author, St Andrews Dock HU3 4QE, Hull, Scotland.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.fishres.2007.06.023}},
ISSN = {{0165-7836}},
Keywords = {{discard; stock; North Sea; Nephrops; trawl; cod; haddock whiting}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FISHERY}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries}},
Author-Email = {{thomas.catchpole@cefas.co.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{7}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Fish Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{210ST}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000249476600020}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Within commercial fisheries, particularly mixed fisheries, both target and non-target species are often discarded. Discarding represents a potentially significant loss to the productivity of fish stocks; it can have damaging ecological consequences, and is a potential cause of the failure of recovery plans. The Nephrops fishery in the North Sea is classified as a mixed fishery. Nephrops trawls are constructed with smaller meshes than trawls used to target whitefish; consequently, the bycatch of juvenile fish can be substantial. Several new Nephrops trawl designs have been tested in the North Sea. The data from these trials are used to investigate the potential impact of their implementation on cod, haddock and whiting stocks in the North Sea (including the Kattegat and Skagerrak). The model examines five trawl designs, and also the scenarios of a cessation of discarding in all North Sea fisheries and in just the Nephrops fishery. The model is deterministic, and evaluates the relative differences between scenarios assuming all other variables remain constant. If discarding of cod, haddock and whiting in the North Sea fisheries were eliminated, stocks would increase by 41%, 14% and 29%, respectively, within 10 years. Eliminating discarding in the Nephrops fishery alone would increase stocks by 2%, 1% and 13%, respectively, reflecting the relative proportion of catches of these species in the Nephrops fishery. For cod and haddock, the introduction of the Nephrops trawl with a grid with a square-mesh codend was the only scenario in which a notable increase in stock number was observed. This trawl design facilitates the escape of fish of all ages/sizes from the trawl, effectively making the Nephrops fishery a single-species fishery. For whiting, stock numbers and landings increased under all scenarios, but forecasted landings were lower than if current discard patterns continued in all except the no-discards scenario. The dependency of the results on the validity of the assumptions and on the accuracy of the input data is discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{ ISI:000250937800001,
Author = {Schnute, Jon T. and Maunder, Mark N. and lanelli, James N.},
Title = {{Designing tools evaluate fishery management strategies: can the
   scientific community deliver?}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{64}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1077-1084}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Techniques for quantitative fishery management have evolved rapidly
   during a period when computers, programming languages, and computational
   algorithms have also changed dramatically. Despite these advances, many
   stock assessment methods remain untested. A process of management
   strategy evaluation (MSE) could potentially rectify this problem, but it
   would require a framework in which to conduct systematic tests. We
   survey the tools currently used for stock assessments and discuss the
   development of new standards for testing management procedures. A
   successful project would depend on human skills scattered among various
   nations, organizations, and academic disciplines. Analogies from civil
   engineering illustrate the discipline and collaboration required for an
   effective outcome. If the world community of fishery scientists could
   design, build, and support such a project, it would revolutionize the
   theory, teaching, and practice of scientific fishery management.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Schnute, JT (Reprint Author), Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
   Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
   Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
   NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, REFM Div, Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsm109}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{AD model builder; ADOL-C; fisheries library in R; management strategy
   evaluation; next generation; stock assessment; R; software}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MODEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{schnutej@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{24}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{231HP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250937800001}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Techniques for quantitative fishery management have evolved rapidly during a period when computers, programming languages, and computational algorithms have also changed dramatically. Despite these advances, many stock assessment methods remain untested. A process of management strategy evaluation (MSE) could potentially rectify this problem, but it would require a framework in which to conduct systematic tests. We survey the tools currently used for stock assessments and discuss the development of new standards for testing management procedures. A successful project would depend on human skills scattered among various nations, organizations, and academic disciplines. Analogies from civil engineering illustrate the discipline and collaboration required for an effective outcome. If the world community of fishery scientists could design, build, and support such a project, it would revolutionize the theory, teaching, and practice of scientific fishery management.

@article{ ISI:000247894900014,
Author = {Roel, Beatriz A. and De Oliveira, Jose A. A.},
Title = {{Harvest control rules for the Western horse mackerel (Trachurus
   trachurus) stock given paucity of fishery-independent data}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{64}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{661-670}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Note = {{ICES Symposium on Fisheries Management Strategies, Galway, IRELAND, JUN
   27-30, 2006}},
Organization = {{Marine Inst Ireland; Dept Commun; Marine \& Nat Resources; Dept
   Fisheries \& Oceans; ICES}},
Abstract = {{The Western horse mackerel stock, widely distributed in EU waters, is
   characterized by spasmodic recruitment. Currently, the strength of a
   year class cannot be confirmed before it is fully recruited to the
   fishery and has reached the age of 5 years. The only fishery-independent
   information available is an estimate of egg abundance made every third
   year. The state of the stock is considered uncertain, and there is no
   agreed management plan. Following EU requests, a set of harvest control
   rules (HCRs) that allows for the increased proportion of juvenile fish
   taken by the fishery in recent years was tested by simulation. The
   proposed HCRs are based either on the results of a full assessment
   (Constant-proportion strategy) or simply on the egg estimate used as an
   indicator of stock status (Slope strategy). Biological risk is compared
   for scenarios where: (i) uncertainty regarding stock dynamics and in the
   relationship between egg data and spawning-stock biomass is high
   (current situation); (ii) variable fractions of the total allowable
   catch (TAC) are taken in the areas occupied by juveniles and adults; and
   (iii) there is an implementation error. Results suggest that taking a
   larger portion of the TAC in the area occupied by juveniles increases
   the risk of impaired recruitment. Comparison of the Constant-proportion
   and Slope strategies suggests that the former is more conservative, if
   the assessment is unbiased or if bias is low. Given the paucity of
   fishery-independent data, a strategy resulting in an approximately
   constant catch may be appropriate for this stock.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Roel, BA (Reprint Author), Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
   Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsm016}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{biological risk; data poor; harvest control rules; horse mackerel}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MANAGEMENT; FECUNDITY; ADVICE}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{beatriz.roel@cefas.co.uk}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{188BZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247894900014}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The Western horse mackerel stock, widely distributed in EU waters, is characterized by spasmodic recruitment. Currently, the strength of a year class cannot be confirmed before it is fully recruited to the fishery and has reached the age of 5 years. The only fishery-independent information available is an estimate of egg abundance made every third year. The state of the stock is considered uncertain, and there is no agreed management plan. Following EU requests, a set of harvest control rules (HCRs) that allows for the increased proportion of juvenile fish taken by the fishery in recent years was tested by simulation. The proposed HCRs are based either on the results of a full assessment (Constant-proportion strategy) or simply on the egg estimate used as an indicator of stock status (Slope strategy). Biological risk is compared for scenarios where: (i) uncertainty regarding stock dynamics and in the relationship between egg data and spawning-stock biomass is high (current situation); (ii) variable fractions of the total allowable catch (TAC) are taken in the areas occupied by juveniles and adults; and (iii) there is an implementation error. Results suggest that taking a larger portion of the TAC in the area occupied by juveniles increases the risk of impaired recruitment. Comparison of the Constant-proportion and Slope strategies suggests that the former is more conservative, if the assessment is unbiased or if bias is low. Given the paucity of fishery-independent data, a strategy resulting in an approximately constant catch may be appropriate for this stock.

@article{ ISI:000247894900023,
Author = {Rice, Jake C. and Legace, Emilie},
Title = {{When control rules collide: a comparison of fisheries management
   reference points and IUCN criteria for assessing risk of extinction}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{64}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{718-722}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Note = {{ICES Symposium on Fisheries Management Strategies, Galway, IRELAND, JUN
   27-30, 2006}},
Organization = {{Marine Inst Ireland; Dept Commun; Marine \& Nat Resources; Dept
   Fisheries \& Oceans; ICES}},
Abstract = {{The quantitative criteria used by the International Union for the
   Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess risk-of-extinction are compared
   with reference points used by ICES and other fisheries organizations for
   advising on fisheries management. Criteria based on numbers of
   individuals and geographic range appear to be in harmony with limit
   reference points and control rules used in fisheries management, with
   reference points indicating that fisheries should be closed well before
   there is any risk of extinction. However, there is huge potential for
   conflict between fisheries and risk-of-extinction approaches when
   considering the extent of population declines. Of 89 species examined,
   the decline criterion suggested a serious risk-of-extinction in 87\%,
   whereas most of the stocks were still within a zone that allowed
   fisheries management reference points to indicate that exploitation
   could continue. Much of the conflict seems rooted in different types of
   tolerance to risk between the two disciplines. The conservation-biology
   community acknowledges a high tolerance for ``false alarms{''}, to keep
   the probability of a ``miss{''} very low, whereas tolerance in fisheries
   management is comparable for both types of error.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rice, JC (Reprint Author), Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.
   Fisheries \& Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsm01}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{fisheries; harvest control rules; reference points; risk of extinction;
   risk tolerance}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POPULATIONS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{ricej@dfo-mpo.gc.co}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
Times-Cited = {{18}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{188BZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247894900023}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

The quantitative criteria used by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess risk-of-extinction are compared with reference points used by ICES and other fisheries organizations for advising on fisheries management. Criteria based on numbers of individuals and geographic range appear to be in harmony with limit reference points and control rules used in fisheries management, with reference points indicating that fisheries should be closed well before there is any risk of extinction. However, there is huge potential for conflict between fisheries and risk-of-extinction approaches when considering the extent of population declines. Of 89 species examined, the decline criterion suggested a serious risk-of-extinction in 87%, whereas most of the stocks were still within a zone that allowed fisheries management reference points to indicate that exploitation could continue. Much of the conflict seems rooted in different types of tolerance to risk between the two disciplines. The conservation-biology community acknowledges a high tolerance for ``false alarms'', to keep the probability of a ``miss'' very low, whereas tolerance in fisheries management is comparable for both types of error.

@article{ ISI:000247894900039,
Author = {Pastoors, Martin A. and Poos, Jan Jaap and Kraak, Sarah B. M. and
   Machiels, Marcel A. M.},
Title = {{Validating management simulation models and implications for
   communicating results to stakeholders}},
Journal = {{ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{64}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{818-824}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Note = {{ICES Symposium on Fisheries Management Strategies, Galway, IRELAND, JUN
   27-30, 2006}},
Organization = {{Marine Inst Ireland; Dept Commun; Marine \& Nat Resources; Dept
   Fisheries \& Oceans; ICES}},
Abstract = {{Simulations of management plans generally aim to demonstrate the
   robustness of the plans to assumptions about population dynamics and
   fleet dynamics. Such modelling is characterized by specification of an
   operating model (OM) representing the underlying truth and a management
   procedure that mimics the process of acquiring knowledge, formulating
   management decisions, and implementing those decisions. We employ such a
   model to evaluate a management plan for North Sea flatfish proposed by
   the North Sea Regional Advisory Council in May 2005. Focus is on the
   construction and conditioning of OMs, key requirements for such
   simulations. We describe the process of setting up and validating OMs
   along with its effects on the ability to communicate the results to the
   stakeholders. We conclude that there is tension between the level of
   detail required by stakeholders and the level of detail that can be
   provided. In communicating the results of simulations, it is necessary
   to make very clear how OMs depend on past perceptions of stock dynamics.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pastoors, MA (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/icesjms/fsm051}},
ISSN = {{1054-3139}},
Keywords = {{communication; flatfish; management strategy evaluation; North Sea;
   operating model; simulation; stakeholders}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-SEA PLAICE; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L.; FISHERY; ADVICE; STOCKS}},
Research-Areas = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Fisheries; Marine \& Freshwater Biology; Oceanography}},
Author-Email = {{martin.pastoors@wur.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Poos, Jan Jaap/B-9940-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Poos, Jan Jaap/0000-0002-8507-5751}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{ICES J. Mar. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{188BZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247894900039}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Simulations of management plans generally aim to demonstrate the robustness of the plans to assumptions about population dynamics and fleet dynamics. Such modelling is characterized by specification of an operating model (OM) representing the underlying truth and a management procedure that mimics the process of acquiring knowledge, formulating management decisions, and implementing those decisions. We employ such a model to evaluate a management plan for North Sea flatfish proposed by the North Sea Regional Advisory Council in May 2005. Focus is on the construction and conditioning of OMs, key requirements for such simulations. We describe the process of setting up and validating OMs along with its effects on the ability to communicate the results to the stakeholders. We conclude that there is tension between the level of detail required by stakeholders and the level of detail that can be provided. In communicating the results of simulations, it is necessary to make very clear how OMs depend on past perceptions of stock dynamics.

@inproceedings{ ISI:000290030702126,
Author = {Hamon, K. and Ulrich, C. and Hoff, A. and Kell, L. T.},
Editor = {{Oxley, L and Kulasiri, D}},
Title = {{Evaluation of Management Strategies for the Mixed North Sea Roundfish
   Fisheries with the FLR Framework}},
Booktitle = {{MODSIM 2007: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION: LAND,
   WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR
   SUSTAINABILITY}},
Year = {{2007}},
Pages = {{2813-2819}},
Note = {{International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM07),
   Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, DEC 10-13, 2007}},
Organization = {{Lincoln Univ; HEMA Consulting Pty Ltd; Modelling and Simulat Soc
   Australia \& New Zealand (MSSANZ); Univ Canterbury; SGI; Lincoln
   Ventures Ltd; Hoare Res Software Ltd; IMACS; IEMSS; Environm Modelling
   \& Software; IBM}},
Abstract = {{Most demersal stocks keep being overexploited despite the numerous
   management measures implemented. New approaches in methods for providing
   scientific advice to fisheries management include simulation-based MSE
   (Management Strategy Evaluation), aiming at identifying management
   strategies robust to various sources of uncertainties. MSE are
   simulation models including management scenarios and allowing for
   testing alternative plausible hypotheses about stocks and fleets
   dynamics.
   FLR (Fisheries Library in R) is an open-source collection of tools
   providing a generic modelling framework for constructing such MSE. FLR
   has been developed under the statistical computing language ``R{''} in
   EU-funded research projects, and provides various compatible packages
   which can be freely combined by the user, thus insuring complete
   flexibility.}},
Publisher = {{MODELLING \& SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA \& NEW ZEALAND INC}},
Address = {{MSSANZ, CHRISTCHURCH, 00000, NEW ZEALAND}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hamon, K (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DTU DIFRES, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
   Hamon, K.; Ulrich, C., Tech Univ Denmark, Danish Inst Fisheries Res, DTU DIFRES, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.}},
ISBN = {{978-0-9758400-4-7}},
Keywords = {{Management strategy evaluation; FLR; mixed fisheries; North Sea
   roundfish}},
Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Science \&
   Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Computer Science, Information Systems; Ecology; Environmental Sciences;
   Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{clu@difres.dk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hamon, Katell/C-7206-2011}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hamon, Katell/0000-0002-6419-8947}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BUQ25}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000290030702126}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

Most demersal stocks keep being overexploited despite the numerous management measures implemented. New approaches in methods for providing scientific advice to fisheries management include simulation-based MSE (Management Strategy Evaluation), aiming at identifying management strategies robust to various sources of uncertainties. MSE are simulation models including management scenarios and allowing for testing alternative plausible hypotheses about stocks and fleets dynamics. FLR (Fisheries Library in R) is an open-source collection of tools providing a generic modelling framework for constructing such MSE. FLR has been developed under the statistical computing language ``R'' in EU-funded research projects, and provides various compatible packages which can be freely combined by the user, thus insuring complete flexibility.

@article{Rice2007,
  doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsm011},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm011},
  year  = {2007},
  month = {apr},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
  volume = {64},
  number = {4},
  pages = {718--722},
  author = {J. C. Rice and E. Legace},
  title = {When control rules collide: a comparison of fisheries management reference points and {IUCN} criteria for assessing risk of extinction},
  journal = {{ICES} Journal of Marine Science}
}

@article{doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsm012,
author = {Kell, L. T. and Mosqueira, I. and Grosjean, P. and Fromentin, J-M. and Garcia, D. and Hillary, R. and Jardim, E. and Mardle, S. and Pastoors, M. A. and Poos, J. J. and Scott, F. and Scott, R. D.},
title = {FLR: an open-source framework for the evaluation and development of management strategies},
journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
volume = {64},
number = {4},
pages = {640-646},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsm012},
URL = { + http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm012},
eprint = {/oup/backfile/content_public/journal/icesjms/64/4/10.1093/icesjms/fsm012/2/fsm012.pdf}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12721,
author = {Dowling, Natalie A. and Wilson, Jono R. and Cope, Jason M. and Dougherty, Dawn T. and Lomonico, Serena and Revenga, Carmen and Snouffer, Brian J. and Salinas, Natalio Godoy and Torres-Cañete, Felipe and Chick, Rowan C. and Fowler, Ashley M. and Parma, Ana M.},
title = {The FishPath approach for fisheries management in a data- and capacity-limited world},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
volume = {n/a},
number = {n/a},
pages = {},
keywords = {data limited, decision-support, fisheries management, harvest strategies, management strategies, sustainability},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12721},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/faf.12721},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12721},
abstract = {Abstract Successful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data- and capacity-limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision-support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi-stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom-up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process.}
}

Abstract Successful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data- and capacity-limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision-support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi-stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom-up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process.